Jinsi na kasar gona muhimmin bangare ne don cikakken ci gaban tsirrai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka mai da hankali sosai don inganta ingancinsa. Yawancin lambu, yin la'akari da shawarar ƙwararrun masanan ilimin halittu, inganta ƙasa tare da takin, tunda ba ya buƙatar saka hannun jari da kuma ƙimar kuzarin ma'aikata. Amma wanda ya fara noma kwanan nan, yana mamakin yadda ake yin takin da ya dace a cikin ƙasar, menene kayan aikin da za ayi amfani da shi anan da kuma inda za'a fara aiki.
Menene takin takin?
Yanzu takin shine mafi shahararren kuma sanannen takin gargajiya.
Takin da aka shirya sosai a cikin ƙasar (shi ma humus) yana ba wa tsire-tsire iko mai ban mamaki kuma yana kare su daga cututtuka. Samun takin mai-inganci shine maida hankali ne akan yanayin yanayin rightan Adam na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciyar da ciyawa ta ciyawa, wannan yisti ya mamaye kasar tare da mafi yawan ayyukan da ake bukata da aiki.
Humus al'umma ce ta kwari, kwari da tsutsotsi. Suna da himma wajen juya kwayoyin zuwa yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau.
Beswayoyin cuta suna buƙatar yanayi uku: abinci, danshi, kuma yawancin nau'ikan da oxygen. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, babu matsaloli tare da abinci da danshi. Zai fi wahala a samar da iskar oxygen, kuma abun da ake amfani da shi na takin da kuma saurin haduwa yana dogaro da shi. A cikin masana'antar takin gargajiya, inda ake tilasta iska ta tilastawa tare da dagewa akai-akai, takin ya girma cikin kwana biyu. Yana da mahimmanci cewa an dafa takin da kyau: mara kyau ba wai kawai ba ya taimaka ba - yana iya lalata tsire-tsire. Wannan dole ne a la'akari da duk lambu wanda ya yanke shawarar amfani da humus don inganta ƙasa kafin dasa shuki 'ya'yan itace da albarkatun ornamental.
Wannan labarin yana ba da shawarwari masu mahimmanci game da yadda ake yin takin da hannuwanku, wanda zai zama da amfani ga duka ƙwararrun mazaunin lokacin bazara da farawa.
Abin da takin ke yi daga - kayan da suka dace
Dukkanin kwayoyin sun kasu kashi “kore” (mai wadataccen sunadarai, wanda yake nufin nitrogen) da kuma “launin ruwan kasa” (mara kyau a cikin nitrogen, amma mai wadatar a cikin carbohydrates - fiber (fiber, ko cellulose, polysaccharide ne, "mai haɗin katako mai wuya)") bangon sel na tsirrai na sel. Yana ba da tsayayyen tsari, yana taka rawa a fannin gine-gine. Itace shine fiber, "an dunkule shi" tare da polymer mai kama - lignin.) Waɗannan kayan suna nuna halaye daban-daban a cikin tarin kuma suna yin matsayi daban-daban.
Abubuwan kore suna lalata da sauri, suna dumama kuma sau da yawa tare da wari mara kyau. Wannan shine heap "reactor". Ba tare da nitrogen ba, microbes da ke rushe fiber basa aiki. Gabaɗaya, kore shine tushen abinci mai gina jiki na nitrogen.
Lokacin yin takin a cikin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa kayan launin ruwan kasa suna hawan sannu a hankali, sannu a hankali, galibi ta ƙoƙarin fungi. Ka wadatar da takin tare da ma'adanai, musamman ma alli da silicon. Masu samar da fiber suna ciyar da nitrogen. Sawdust moistened tare da urea bayani zai juya da sauri. Amma wannan baya ma'anar cewa ciyawa mai tsinkayen bishiya ta lalata kasar gona da nitrogen. Wani sashi na juyawa, bambaro da ciyawa suna zama tushen sukari ga ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen wanda ke ciyar da carbohydrates. A ƙarƙashin ciyawa, koyaushe akwai aiki mai daidaita nitrogen.
Abin da za a iya yi da takin: taki, feces, kalar tsuntsaye, sharar kayan girki, matsi da kayan sharar 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, ciyawar hay, ganyen ganye, mowed da ciyawa, kowane ciyayi mai saurin hatsi, masara mai ganye, ciyawa da dukkan ganye mai tsiro.
Mafi kyawun takin a kasar
Mafi taki ga takin shine bambaro ko ciyawa. Kwancen shanun yana da kyau sosai, tare da ciyawa 80%. Manya mafi inganci shine doki. A ciki, nitrogen da fiber kusan suna daidaita, kuma zaku iya ƙara shi zuwa gadaje kusan sabo. Abu mafi wuya a yi shine naman alade: ya yi yawa sosai, mara ruwa da sinadarai. Don yin takin mai kyau daga ciki a cikin ƙasar da hannuwanku, kuna buƙatar sa shi tare da busassun ciyawa, sawdust, husk, lemun tsami mai sauƙi (2-2.5 kilogiram na lemun tsami a kowace mita mai siffar sukari) da takin har sai ya daina jin warin taki.
Kayan abinci sune abinci mai mahimmanci a rayuwarmu, mafi mahimmancin taki. A lokacin Ovsinsky, ana kiransa da girmamawa "zinariyan mutum". "Darajan taki na zinar ɗan adam ya fi sau 8 8-10 akan taki. Ana amfani dashi galibi inda amfanin gona ya yi yawa har yana buƙatar ingantaccen taki."
Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen takin zamani ne da aka zaɓi kuma wani zaɓi don abin da yawancin lambu ke yin takin daga. Zai fi kyau nace don saka kayan miya a ciki Da kyau, idan baku da inda za ku sa shi, kuna iya takin sa - kadan, da kyau ana shafa shi da wani abu mai launin ruwan kasa. Babban litter mai gina jiki mai gina jiki shine tattabara.
Ya kamata a shimfiɗa dafaffen dafa abinci da kayan sharan gona a cikin wani yanki na bakin ciki kuma za a shimfiɗa su da kayan ruwan kasa, kamar taki. In ba haka ba, sun daɗa da m.
Hay, wannan shine, ciyawar bushe ciyawa abu ne mai kyau, amma dole ne a sanyaya shi kuma a yayyafa shi a cikin yadudduka tare da ƙasa ko takin, in ba haka ba ya bushe a saman da miya daga ƙasa.
Kafin kayi takin a cikin kasar, ciyawa, ganye mai ganye da sauran ganye mai tsami dole ne a fara shafawa da fari kuma a hada da launin ruwan kasa. Amintattun albarkatun da ke cikin tsiro suna rikitarwa, an bar su ba tare da iska ba kuma sun fara kada su juya, amma don “ƙona” ko ƙanshi, suna juyawa zuwa “silo”. Irin wannan takin za a hada shi da wasu lokuta sau biyu.
Yadda ake yin takin a kasar daga kayan launin ruwan kasa
Brown: ganye mai bushe, bambaro, busassun ciyawa da shukoki, busassun tsire, busasshen ƙasa (ƙasa ita ce kwasfa na waje, husk, huhun hatsi da aka cire ta nika hatsi.), Rice husk, busassun busasshen masara, busasshen takarda da kwali, sawdust da ƙananan shavings, yankakken rassan, haushi. Kyakkyawan kayan shine sharar sharar gida wanda akan girma namomin kaza.
Kayan launin ruwan kasa sune tushen tsarin takin a gida, a cikin tsirarwar ya kamata su zama 70-80%. Idan akwai karancin kayan kore, zaku iya takin mai launin ruwan kasa ba tare da su ba. Moisten wani yanki na maganin urea (urea) a cikin nauyin 1.5-2 kg a kowace mita mai siffar sukari na kayan. Sannan lalata zai tafi da sauri. Idan akwai wadatattun kayan kore, yi wannan: 2/3 na launin ruwan kasa - 1/3 na kore.
Dalilin da ya dace don takin shine rassan bazara na bishiyoyi da shukoki, shredded a cikin niƙa tare da ganye. Niƙa ciyawa, fi, ciyawa anan. Akwai yalwa da isasshen ƙwayar ɗan itacen, kuma da sauri tsibin ya fara “ƙonewa” - don ɗumi. Don haɓakar al'ada, ruwa kawai da ƙarancin ƙasa ba su rasa su.
Yadda ake dafa takin ruwa a cikin ƙasa
Organic ruwa infusions suna da takin gargajiya mai kyau. Baya ga abinci mai gina jiki, suna dauke da abubuwa masu rai da dama, abubuwan karfafawa da abubuwan rayuwa masu aiki. Yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci, kuma a cikin Rasha - bisa ga al'ada. Tun da yake ba kowa ne ya san yadda ake shirya takin zamani a cikin ƙasa ba, an bayyana tsarin yadda ake shirya shi a ƙasa.
Ana zuba taki, takin ko feces da ruwa, kuma tare da motsawar lokaci, nace tsawon makonni biyu zuwa uku. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara ash, fi da ciyawa a ganga. An sanya kilogram na ash da kuma buhunan takin gargajiya ko ganye a kan ganga mai lita 200; taki ko feces sun ɗauki guga ɗaya, digo na tsuntsu - rabin guga. Sakamakon jiko ana shayar da tsire-tsire, yana goge shi wani sau 2-3.
Yanzu akan sayarwa akwai takin gargajiya mai dumbin yawa, yana maye gurbin koda takin da ya dace a kasar. Duk waɗannan baƙin ruwan duhu shine hadaddiyar giyar da ke dogara da ruwan da aka ɗora daga peat, takin ko tsutsotsi na vermicompost. Gabaɗaya, sun fi amfani da takin gargajiya ko abubuwan ƙarfafawa. Wannan dabi'a ce: mafi kusancin hadaddun shine takin rayuwa, wanda yake amintacce illa.
A cikin ganga za ku iya dafa hadaddun "compotes" tare da ƙari na yisti, ƙwayoyin lactic acid ko hay bacillus.
Idan har yanzu mai gonar yana cike da damuwa game da tambayar yadda ake yin takin a cikin ƙasar da hannunsa, to lallai yana buƙatar ɗaukar kilogram 1 na tsohuwar takin, ya fi kyau daga shinge a tsakanin ciyayi, zuba guga na ruwa, ƙara gilashin sukari (molasses, molasses), saka mai aquarium a kunna kuma kunna a zazzabi a daki. Bayan kwana guda, kumfa zai bayyana a cikin guga.
Yadda ake yin takin
Wadanda suke yin nazarin tambaya game da yadda ake yin takin a cikin ƙasa ya kamata su tuna cewa babban abu a wannan aikin: kar a tono rami takin. Ruwa yana tarawa a cikinsu, kusan abu ne mai wuya ka iya haɗa bunch, yana da wuya a sami takin, kuma juya shi ne anaerobic - babu kusan iska a cikin ramin. Yin ramuka yana ba ma'ana kawai ga mazaunan wuraren bushewa da wurare masu zafi tare da kasa mai yashi.
Wani tari shine bango uku na kowane kayan har zuwa tsayin mita. Isasan ya yi laushi, mai laushi: ruwan ba ya tsayawa, kuma akwai iska, tsutsotsi suna jin daɗi. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce barin ƙasa mara nauyi, shimfiɗa bambaro ko ciyawa. Idan bene mai wuya ne, kamar na kankare, ya fi dacewa a tsaftace takin. A kan kankare, birinin ciyawa da yakamata ya kasance lokacin farin ciki - har zuwa 20 cm.
Gardenerswararrun lambu da kuma lambu da ke da ƙwarewa game da yadda ake yin takin a cikin ƙasar sun san cewa ƙarancin tarin tsiro ya zama mai mita ɗaya, in ba haka ba zai bushe da sauri. Zai fi kyau shirya shi a cikin inuwa, saboda wannan dalili. Idan tsibin yana a bayyane, zai fi kyau a rufe shi: a cikin hunturu da bazara - tare da fim (kwayoyin za suyi kyau sosai a cikin zafi), a lokacin rani - tare da kowane "opaque" hula "daga bushewa da kuma daga tsananin zafi. Idan ka sa tari a buɗe koyaushe, ruwan sama zai share abubuwan gina jiki. Zai dace mu sanya ganga domin takin, kofi da sauran “abubuwan sha” na abinci mai gina jiki kusa da tari.
Haɗuwa zai iya zama sanyi - jinkiri, ko zafi - mai sauri.
Yadda ake dafa takin a cikin ƙasa sanyi
Kafin kusanci tambayar yadda ake shirya takin a cikin ƙasa cikin sanyi, kuna buƙatar fahimtar menene sanyi. Ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa mai lambu yana sanya tarin kayan abubuwa daban-daban: ciyawa, taki, feces, zuba buhunan shara, kuma yayyafa wannan duk tare da bambaro, hay, husk, sawdust. Bayan jefa sabon fenti, hakika ya watsar da abubuwa biyu na duniya daga sama: lalacewar za ta yi sauri, kuma humus zai zama mai girma, tsayayye. Harsuna suna buƙatar sa dagewa har yanzu matasa, ba seeded, in ba haka ba sababbi za su yi girma da sauri.
A cikin kaka, cire saman Layer wanda bai lalata ba, ku rufe tafarnuwa da aka dasa, fure-fure, dahlias, gadaje kawai tare da sabbin kwayoyin halitta na hunturu. Kuma sanya sauran kusan takin shirye-shiryen a kan komai a ciki gadaje da kuma rufe da wani abu.
Masu ƙaunar narkewa, har ma waɗanda suka san yadda ake yin takin, ba sa buƙatar sa a cikin tari na tsire-tsire masu laushi: tumatir "ƙona" daga phytophthora (phytophthora cuta ne na fungal na darenhade.), Dankali - daga peronospore (peronospore - cutar fungal, mildew). Kwayar cuta tana da haɗari ne kawai a cikin iska. Kuma idan kun tono gadaje, to kowane lokaci zaku iya kawo kamuwa da cuta a farfajiya. Yana da kyau kada a yi tono da gadaje, amma don cike sama da sabon takin daga sama, sannan kuma ciyawa daga sama - da adana spores a cikin ƙasa.
Yadda ake yin takin da ya dace a cikin ƙasar cikin zafi
Zai zama mai ban sha'awa daidai ga masu lambu da kuma lambu don gano yadda ake shirya takin yadda yakamata a cikin ƙasa cikin yanayin zafi. The tsiro don takin mai zafi yana cika kawai a gefe ɗaya, kuma ana zubar da takin sau da yawa. Ba a ƙara sabon abu a irin wannan tari: ana kawo takin gaba ɗaya zuwa balaga. Kawai, in ya cancanta, moisturize kadan.
Karatun da aka shirya ya zama duhu, kusan baƙi, ƙari ko ƙasa ɗaya, mai haɓaka da ƙanshi yana da zurfin zuriyar dabbobi.
Da ke ƙasa akwai shawarwari kan yadda ake yin takin a cikin ƙasa daidai, domin tsibin ya zama mai inganci.
Yadda ake shirya takin tsiro:
- Haɗa kore da launin ruwan kasa: kamar 1: 3-1: 4. Idan akwai ɗan ƙaramin kore, ƙara ɗan ƙaramin nitrogen.
- Kada kayi tari a sama da 60-70 cm, don kada kasan kasan ya ƙusar da yawa.
- Bayan familiarized tare da bayani game da abin da za a yi takin daga, mazaunin bazara na iya sauyawa abubuwa daban-daban: mai ɓoyewa da mai tattara komputa, ƙasa kaɗan yana buƙatar saƙo.
- Rufe tsibin - kare kariya daga tsawan zafi da kiyaye yanayin zafi.
- Mafi kyawun abubuwan da aka haɗo sun haɗu, da kyau tsari yake tafiya. Finer aka gyara, da sauri ake sarrafawa.
- Koyaushe ƙara ƙwaya daga humus da aka yi da humus da earthasa kaɗan.
- Ciyawa mai bushe da launin ruwan kasa. Moisten bushe ciyawa.
- Karku sanya a cikin babban taro: kitse, ƙasusuwa, mahaɗa, sanduna da rassan spiny gabaɗaya.
