Gwanayen girma

Kowannenmu yana haɗin kalmar "hatsi" tare da alkama, hatsin rai, sha'ir da sauran albarkatun hatsi. Ba zai yiwu ba cewa mutane da yawa sun san cewa ɗayan dangin waɗannan tsintsiya, tsirrai masu tsiro itace itace mai mita hamsin tare da gangar jikin madaidaiciya a cikin ɗayan girths ko biyu. Muna magana ne game da tsire-tsire na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa - bamboo.

A cikin Turai, bamboo ya zama sananne tun lokacin kamfen Alexander the Great zuwa Indiya. Kwararrun shahararren kwamandan an buge su da kallonsu na dazuzukan dajin da ba'a gani ba a baya. Ya ziyarci kasar Sin a shekarar 1615, wani mishan mai suna Jesuit ya rubuta cewa, kasar Sin tana amfani da karar (bamboo) mai karfi kamar ƙarfe don bukatun gidaje 600.

A cikin kasarmu, bamboo ya fara bunkasa ne kawai shekaru 60-70 da suka gabata. Da farko sun shigo da shi ne daga Kudancin da Yammacin Turai, kuma daga baya aka kawo nau'ikan nau'ikan sa zuwa kasarmu ta hanyar balaguron balaguro daga Krasnov daga mahaifarsu, Gabashin Asiya, kuma sun yi farinciki da mu. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, yanzu akwai kusan nau'ikan bamboo 50, daga cikinsu mafi girman tsayi ya kai mita 20 a tsauni mai kauri mai kauri zuwa 15 santimita.

Tushe mai kyau na koren kore suna daɗaɗɗen ciyawar wannan ciyawar itace tare da hanyoyi akan Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus, suna kama da bangon kore-kore na manyan gilasai. Baya ga Caucasus, bamboo ke tsiro tare da mu, kodayake ba a sami nasarar hakan ba, a bakin tekun Crimea, a cikin wuraren shakatawa na wuraren shakatawa daga Feodosia zuwa Yevpatoriya. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da wasu akwai bamboo mai launin toka-mai-toka, wanda zai kai tsayin mita 12. Bam ɗin Castillon da aka yi girma a cikin Lambunan Botanical na Nikitsky shine ainihin asali a cikin kayan ado. Muscovites, Leningraders, Kievans, mazaunan wasu biranen ƙasarmu na iya samun masaniya da waɗannan tsirran tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa a cikin gidajen koraye na lambun Botanical.

Tare da alkama, hatsin rai, sha'ir na bamboo, nau'in 'ya'yan itace iri ɗaya, wanda ake kira da weevil a cikin Botany, yana da alaƙa da tsarin furanni da ciyawa. Gaskiya ne, ƙarancin bamboo ba ma alkama ko hatsin rai ba, kuma baicin, sun bambanta da girman, fasalin har ma da launi. Wasu suna kawai zuwa mita a tsayi kuma kawai yatsa mai kauri, wasu zasu iya gasa cikin girma tare da manyan bishiyoyi.

Bangaren giciye na bambaro, dangane da nau'in bamboo, zagaye yake, m, yalwataccen yanki har ma square. A launi na Trunks a cikin mafi yawan jinsunan ne mai launin toka-m (har zuwa shekara 1), to, kore (har zuwa shekaru 2), kuma a cikin tsire-tsire ripened shi ne mafi yawa launin ruwan kasa, ba ƙasa da launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi. Gabaɗaya, tsarin bambaro bambaro ba ya bambanta da alkama na alkama, hatsin rai ko wasu sanannun hatsi. Kamar sauran hatsi, an raba shi ta hanyar juzu'i mai juzu'i, nodes, kuma ɓangarorin sa koyaushe suna zama mara nauyi.

Ba a dadewa mutum ya yi amfani da ƙamshin itacen bamboo ba lokacin da ake kera jiragen ruwa, bututun keɓaɓɓun kera da sauran kayayyaki. Amma woodpecker bai fahimci yanayin yadda mai tushe yake ba. Kowane lokaci, yana murɗa gangar jikin kuma yana jin ƙanshi, zai fara gundura da ƙarfi don neman ganima. Irin wannan aikin mara amfani da itace zai zama cutarwa ga mutum musamman, tunda shi (mai itace) shine yake samar da tsintsiyar bishiyar bambam da yawa.

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsirrai 600 ne aka siffanta su a yanayin, waɗanda keɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire a cikin kusan 50 ke haifar. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa a cikin irin wannan babban iyali akwai dwarf bushes tare da ƙattai.

Mafi kyawun halayen mafi yawancin nau'ikan bamboo shine haɓakar haɓakarsu da ba a saba ba. Ikon wannan hatsi don ci gaba da ɗaukar sabon yankuna suma suna da ban sha'awa. Bam ɗin a sauƙaƙe yana magance ditches na musamman wanda aka haƙa don kare tsire-tsire, ya haye ramuka mai zurfi da tashoshi a gindin ƙasa, kuma ya ratsa wasu matsaloli masu wahala.

Wasu nau'ikan bamboo suna girma a cikin bazara, wasu a fall kuma, sabanin sauran nau'in tsire-tsire, ba kawai da rana ba, har ma da dare. A cikin bazara da damina, har ma za ku iya jin yadda wannan hatsi yake girma cikin bacci mai zurfi cikin dare. Energyarfin haɓakar sa yana da mahimmanci cewa bayyanar harbe a saman ƙasa yana haɗuwa da wani irin sautin maras nauyi, raɗaɗi, wani lokacin kuma ƙara fashewa. Babu wani abu da zai iya zama cikas ga matasa, bakin da aka harba harsashi, saurin jefa ƙasa mafi wuya da kwalta, canzawa duwatsu a gefe, sokin ta hanyar allunan farin ciki har ma da yin rajista.

A cikin Caucasus, akwai itatuwan bamboo wanda zasu iya tashi da santimita 3 a kowace awa, kuma da santimita 75 a kowace rana. Daraktan ɗayan gonakin jihar Adjarian, Tengiz Mamudovich Dzhinchiradze, ya yi imanin cewa wannan ba bamboo bane, amma kuɗi yana haɓaka daga ƙasa a saurin dubun-santimita a kowace rana: ɗamarar moso da aka girma anan tana kawo kopecks 40 a kowace mita ga gidansa.

Rin Erin Silversmith

A cikin ƙasa, alal misali, a cikin Vietnam, bamboo sau da yawa yana girma da kusan mita 2 kowace rana. Game da wannan, ana ba da yawan labaru masu ban dariya. Jarumin daya daga cikin shahararrun wargi na wannan shine mafarauta mara kunya. Ya yi ta yawo cikin dogon lokaci yana neman abin da zai ci, amma ya gajiya, ya yi barci a cikin itacen tsamiya. Ya tashi daga yanayin tashin hankali, maharbin ya ga babbar damisa a gabanta, kuma a wannan lokacin bindigar, wacce ba'a kula da ita ba a kasa, ya tayar da wasu mituna sama sama da harbin bam din da ya fashe daga kasa.

Yadda za a bayyana irin waɗannan abubuwan da ba a sani ba na bamboo?

Sai dai itace cewa ya girma tare da dukkanin masu wasanninta da yawa a lokaci guda. Ko da a cikin koda, an harba harsashi mai cikakke kuma kamar an rage shi zuwa ɗaruruwan ɗarurruwa da dubbai. Growingarar girma tana kama da za a shimfiɗa ta kowane babban lamba-internode, kamar harmonica fur, kuma tare da saurin da ba a taɓa gani ba ko'ina cikin tsintsiya ya isa girman babban itace. Abin sha'awa shine, ga dukkan wuraren da aka harba harsashin harbe-kere, mafi ƙanƙantar waɗanda suke girma cikin hanzari, waɗanda suke kusa da tushen. The internodes located kusa da saman kara, a fili karami kuma ba da farko bayar da abinci mai gina jiki, girma da hankali.

Da alama ba a yarda da cewa bamboo ke tsiro kwanaki 30-45 kawai a tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma a zahiri yawanci yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 100. A cikin kwanakin nan 30-45, bamboo ya kai matsakaicin tsayi, daga baya girman sa ya tsaya kuma aka fara samun ingantaccen koren ganye na lanceolate.

Furen itacen bamboo shima abu ne mai ma'ana: yakan faru sau ɗaya kawai a cikin rayuwarsa. Aiki tare na tsari yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga kowane mutum daga dajin bamboo: komai yawan bishiyar bamboo ke girma, su, kamar suna yin biyayya ga umarnin maye, suna fure a lokaci guda. Koyaya, tsawon lokacin fure a cikin nau'ikan bamboo ba ɗaya bane: wasu sun yi fure ɗaya a lokacin bazara, wasu na yanayi biyu ko uku, wasu kuma shekaru 9. Da zarar furanni ya ƙare kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa suka girma, gabaɗayan gandun daji, kamar gurasa mai cikakke, yana kammala sake zagayowar rayuwarsa.

Yawancin nau'ikan bamboo suna matukar buƙata akan danshi kuma musamman akan zafi. Estanƙantar sanyi, saukar da zazzabi kaɗan a ƙasa da raunin bala'i a gare su. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa bamboo yayi girma a cikin vivo, galibi a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma rabewar gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Amurka. Daga cikin nau’in bamboo, akwai wadanda za su iya jure yanayin digiri 20 ko sau 40. Waɗannan su ne, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙananan tsire-tsire, wanda ya haɗa da rikodin don juriya na sanyi tsakanin dangin bamboo - dwarf bamboos, ko sazes. Ana samun su a Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril, inda suke kasancewa mafi yawan lokuta a duniya. Koyaya, sazes yayi girma a cikin yankuna na kudu na Moldova, Kuban da Ukraine.

Wani mallakar kayan halitta na bamboos yana da ban sha'awa: harbe-harben su na spiky, wanda ya bayyana daga ƙasa, suna da kauri daga cikakkiyar shuka mai girma kuma kiyaye shi canzawa a duk tsawon rayuwar rayuwa.

Babban abin ban sha'awa shine akwati, wanda ba a rufe shi ba, wanda kuma ya sake tabbatar da kasancewar wannan bishiyar ga hatsi, ciyawar tsirrai. Duk da yawan kauri, zaka iya, tare da bugun daya daga cikin wuka, yanke katako mai kauri. Kuma ka yi ƙoƙarin yin nasara da gurnani mai girma! Ba shi yiwuwa kawai a yanka shi da wuka, amma har ma mafi kyawun sawun ba shi da sauki a yanka.

Fahimtar farko game da gandun dajin ya bar wani sabon abu da ba a sani ba. Yana da sanyi da duhu a ranar mafi zafi, kamar a maraice maraice. A ƙarshen rana, lokacin da zafi a cikin subtropics ya tashi sosai, bamboo mai ƙarfi yana sakin ruwa. Ruwa na saukar ruwa da sauri kuma yana da yawa ta rufe ganye, rassan, harbe. Ruwan iska mai sauƙi ya isa, kuma daga tsire-tsire masu nauyin gaske ruwan sama ke faɗo.

Bamboo katako yana haɗuwa da ƙarfi na ban mamaki tare da nauyin haske mai sauƙi, juriya mai ban mamaki ga lalata tare da kyakkyawar bayyanar. Shigar da bukka ta farko ta ƙauyen Vietnam sannan kuma zaku ga cewa firam ɗin da ginin da yake akan sa ya ƙunshi karen toho mai kauri, ganuwar da ƙasa an suttata daga katako, rufin bene ne da aka yi da ganyen ɓaure.

'Yar jaridar Soviet, Heinrich Borovik, wacce ta ziyarci Vietnam, ta ce "a zahiri, ba za ku iya amfani da kalmar" bamboo. "A zahiri duk abin da ke nan an yi shi da bamboo: ƙanfuna da shinkafa mai zurfi, kwanduna kafaɗa, raga, kamun kifi, sieves, mats , bututu, bokiti, tabarau, da dama, da sauran abubuwa da yawa na gida.Ba amfani da ƙusoshin ƙarfe a cikin aikin bukka .. Duk abubuwan haɗin an haɗa su ta hanyar murfin waje na tsire-tsire. yayi girma kuma, mafi mahimmanci, kusan ba ya juyawa. Babban kayan!

Daga bamboo mai tushe zaka iya sa yawancin kayayyakin gida da yawa masu sauri. Ya isa ya sare babban dutsen kwandon shara, ya yanke saman da kambi, kuma a gabanku an gama, ko da goge goge ko shafi; taushi ko ƙona ta hanyar juzu'i a cikin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, gidajen abinci, kuma a sabis ɗinku kyakkyawan bututu; Ka yanke ganga gunduwa-gunduwa, kuma kana da tukwanen tukwuru, buhuna, gilasai, tukwane, kwano da sauran kayayyaki. Idan ka katse cikkaken internode tare da guntun bangare biyu a cikin nodes, zai rage kawai a yi rawar rami daga sama, kuma ganga a shirye. Rarraba shi cikin rabi, nan da nan zamu sami ƙananan ƙananan rafuka biyu.

Saboda haka, mazauna kudu maso gabashin Asiya suna jin daɗin bamboo a wannan hanyar, kuma sun kuma sanya manyan makamai daga gare ta: wukake, takubba, walƙiya, kare ƙauyuka daga dabbobi da makiya tare da shinge na bishin bishiya. Hanyar sassaka, wacce aka bunkasa sosai tsakanin waɗannan mutanen, ita ma tana da alaƙa da bamboo.

A ƙarshe, ƙananan harbe na bamboo, kuma a wasu nau'in ma Tushen da tsaba suna shiga abinci, suna maye gurbin kayan lambu (alal misali, bishiyar asparagus), daga abin da aka shirya kyawawan halayen koyarwar gabas da keɓe da Asiya. Daga mai tushe, ana fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai zaki, wanda aka dafa shi kuma aka samo sukari. Daga fiber ɗin bamboo, Sinawa suna samun kyakkyawan siliki takarda. Daga bamboo yi fitilun, kayan kida, raƙoki. Af, a Asiya Venice, kamar yadda ake kiran babban birnin Thailand Bangkok, dukkan tituna na gidaje suna kan tituna.

Yana aiwatar da bamboo da kuma aikin wani irin makami. Tare da kona ciyawar sa sabo, ana jin karar sauti da babbar murya kamar harbe-harben bindiga. Wannan ɗabi'ar ta daɗe tana amfani da wannan kayan don tsoratar da dabbobi. Daga cikin bakin murhun bamboo, 'yan asalin suna yin bindigogin iska na yau da kullun, daga inda suke harba kibiyoyi masu guba a wasa.

Hakanan ana amfani da itace mafi ƙarancin itace a ƙasashen da bai girma ba. Abubuwan da suka dace, kyawawan takarda, har ma da manyan allura masu inganci don rakodin phonograph an yi su ne daga itace da aka shigo da shi. Bam ɗin yana zuwa shinge, gina gadoji mai sauƙi, samar da abubuwa da yawa na kayan wasanni. A cikin aikin gini na zamani, ana amfani da nasarar bamboo azaman ƙarfafawa don tsarin gine-gine.

Bam din an kawo shi ne ta wani dan uwan ​​dangin mu, wanda galibi yakan samar da fadi da yawa, musamman a wajajen ambaliyar ruwa da kewayen Volga, Dnieper, Danube.

Amfani da kayan:

• S. I. Ivchenko - Littafin game da bishiyoyi