A cikin daji, ana samun hippeastrum a Kudancin Amurka, tare da wasu nau'ikan halittu da ke rayuwa a cikin canjin yanayin da ke cike da ƙasa, yayin da wasu suka fi son gangaren dutse, inda yanayin haɓaka ke da matuƙar wahala. Kayan fitila na farko sun zo Turai a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XVI, furanni na hippeastrum ya ba da babbar alama a cikin ƙasashen Tsohon Duniya, inda salon kayan amfanin gona yake da ƙarfi.
A hankali, an yi nazarin shuka, Turawa sun koyi yadda ake girma hippeastrum da yadda ake kulawa da furen. Bayan shekara ɗari, an dasa bishiyar matasan farko. Kuma idan a cikin yanayi akwai dubun-dubatar nau'ikan wadannan tsirran tsire-tsire, to adadin nau'ikan da suka riga sun wuce dubu biyu. A yau, duk wani mai furanni wanda ya taɓa ganin furanni mai ban sha'awa na hippeastrum ba zai bar tunanin ba don yayi ado da nasu windowsill tare da tsire mai marmari.
Hippeastrum: fasali na shuka
Ya danganta da nau'in da shekaru, kwancen kwatancen kwalin hippeastrum yana da diamita na 5 zuwa 10 cm kuma yana kunshe da gajeriyar sashi na tushe da maƙullan rufewa kusa.
A cikin kirjin kowane sikeli na huxu, ana samar da rudiments:
- peduncle, yayin da ya kai girman 40-80 cm;
- manyan gobe masu zuwa, tara a inflorescences of 2-6 guda na furanni.
Ganyen hippeastrum suna a gaban juna, a faɗin, dangane da iri-iri, kada ku wuce 4-5 cm, kuma tsayinsa ya kai cm 50-70. Mai girbi na fure, wanda zai fara haɓaka, ya kamata ya san cewa shekarar wannan tsiron ya kasu kashi uku. lokaci:
- fure;
- ciyayi;
- zaman lafiya.
Lokacin da lokacin da aka daɗe ana jiran lokacin furanni ya zo, a kan filo na ɗakin kwana mai launin ja, fararen ruwan hoda, shuɗi da furanni masu ban sha'awa suna zaune a buɗe a buɗe.
Manyan kwararan fitila na iya samarda shinge biyu ko uku, amma samfuran dauke da leavesasa da ganye ƙasa da huɗu ko kuma basu kai girman of 6-7 cm wannan kakar ba zata iya farantawa furanni.
Ganyen suna bayyana guda daya a lokaci daya a wata, lokacin da bayan shukar da shukar sai ya huta tsawon watanni 2 zuwa 3, babu alamun ci gaba na waje, amma yana karfafa karfin gwiwa. Kibiyoyi tare da launuka masu haske suna bayyana sau ɗaya a shekara, amma tare da kulawa da ta dace, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, hippeastrum a gida sau biyu yana farantawa da fure. Lokaci da tsawon wannan lokacin ya dogara da zaɓaɓɓen da aka zaɓa, halayen kulawa, musamman, akan zafin jiki na ɗakin. A matsakaici, fure yana kimanin sati uku.
Koyaya, wasu lokuta masu girbi fure bazai iya samun bayyanar kiban furanni daga shuka ba. Yadda za a kula da hippeastrum, saboda ban da ganye, kwan fitila a kai a kai siffofin da kullun? Dalilin rashin furanni shine yawanci yanayin ba daidai ba don haɓakar gogaggun ko kaddarorin gwal:
- Kwan fitila na iya ƙi fure, na dogon lokaci a wani wuri mai inuwa ko a kan windows ta arewa, inda babu isasshen haske a duk shekara.
- Ta tukunyar da take da fadi ko kuma mai ɗanɗano, hippeastrum shima wani lokaci baya yin fure.
- Gwamnonin furanni marasa kyau waɗanda aka zaɓa suna shafar ban ruwa, kayan miya, har ma abun da ya shafi ƙasa.
- Kar a manta game da hutawa na dole don kwan fitila mai tsawon watanni 2.5-3, lokacin da dole ne a aika da hipast din zuwa wuri mai duhu mai sanyi.
Idan babu wasu dalilai na bayyane don ƙin yin fure, kwan fitila na da lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya, ana iya yin hakan don fitar da itacen fure ta hanyar zuwa ɗayan hanyoyin da aka tabbatar da su:
- A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, yanke duk ganye daga kwararan fitila ku daina shawo kan ruwa. Bayan wata daya, ana sake fara ruwa kuma ana ciyar da abinci mai cakuda guda. A farkon lokacin kaka, fure da furanni suna bayyana akan hippeastrum.
- Hakanan ana lura da tsarin rututtukan kwanaki 20-25 bayan an yi awoyi na awa uku na kwan fitila da ruwa mai zafi zuwa 43-45 ° C.
- Don bazara na fure na hippeastrum a watan Agusta, ba a shayar da shuka kuma har sai Janairu an canja shi zuwa wuri mai sanyi mai duhu a wuri mai duhu. Makonni 5-6 bayan dawowar ruwa, kwan fitila ya ba da buds.
Don ingantaccen fure mai fure, yana da mahimmanci cewa a lokacin girma da halayyar kwan fitila na iya sake dawowa da samar da shinge. Idan kwan fitila ba shi da abinci mai gina jiki, watakila lokaci ya yi da za a samar da hular hipastastrum kawai. Wannan na iya tabbatuwa ta hanyar amfani da tushen asalin coma na duniya. Kada ku manta game da ciyar da hippeastrum.
Dogaro mai zurfi yayin girma da kuma lokacin lalataccen lokaci yana buƙatar ƙananan kwararan fitila, kazalika da waɗanda suka sami wata irin cuta ko harin kwaro.
Lokacin hutawa ya ƙunshi cirewar lafiya, kwararan kwararan fitila a cikin sanyi, wuri mai duhu. Mafi sau da yawa, kwararan fitila na hippeastrum "suna barci" daga Satumba zuwa Janairu. Yadda za a kula da furen domin ƙyallen hippeastrum bayan lokacin da ya dace? Ba a buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a wannan lokacin, kuma don kwararan fitila suna haifar da yanayi na musamman:
- Mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 12-14 ° C.
- Cikakken digiri.
- Iskar ta bushe, zafi ba ya wuce 50-60%.
- Watering da saman miya gaba daya dakatar.
Ta yaya kuma lokacin da za a juyar da hip?
Hippeastrums da sauri sun kamu da ƙammar tukunya a cikin tukunya kuma a zahiri sun tsotse dukkan abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
Sabili da haka, zaku iya juyar da shuka kusan kowace shekara. Yaushe dasa shuki ya fi dacewa da rashin jin daɗi ga shuka? Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa kwan fitila shine lokaci:
- kafin a adana shi na wani lokacin hutawa;
- bayan sakin "hibernation" su;
- kafin yin fure;
- bayan fure, idan muna magana ne game da sabon tsiro da aka samo wanda yake a cikin tukunyar jigilar kayayyaki da ƙananan abubuwa.
Kafin dasa shuki:
- an cire kwararan fitila a hankali daga kwararan fitila;
- Suna nazarin tushen tsarin, idan ya cancanta, suna yanke tushen lalacewa ko lalacewa kuma suna kula da yanke tare da kashe-kashe.
Soilasa don hippeastrum ya zama haske, sako-sako, tare da ƙarancin acidity kuma mai girma a cikin abubuwan gina jiki da salts ma'adinai.
Idan dole ne ku sayi cakuda da aka yi, don haɓakar haɓakar ya fi kyau ku zaɓi ƙasa don kayan amfanin gona, sannan kuma ku bayar da ƙarancin don kawar da shi tare da ciyawa ko yashi.
Lokacin da aka haɗa cakuda ƙasa da kansa, yi amfani da sassa uku na ƙasa mai ganye da ƙari daga wani sashi na humus, idan ya cancanta, yashi da garin dolomite suna gauraye cikin ƙasa:
- Don girma hippeastrum, tukunya ya isa, ganuwar da ke 3 cm daga kwan fitila .. Morearin jita-jita masu iousarfin yawa kawai suna cutar da fure.
- A kasan, ana shirya tsari na magudanar ruwa.
- Kuma an dasa shukar kwan fitila domin mafi yawansu ya ragu a ƙasa.
A cikin watanni na bazara, ana iya dasa kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa buɗe, inda ake ci gaba da kulawa iri ɗaya, a cikin hoto, kamar a gida. Kuma kafin sanyi, an tono kwararan fitila sama da canjawa wuri zuwa ɗakin.
Haske don girma hippeastrum
Hippeastrums hoto ne mai kyawu kuma yana jin mafi kyawun wurare masu haske, harma yana jurewa bayyanar rana kai tsaye.
Amma a cikin inuwa, shuka tsiro mara kyau, kwan fitila a hankali ya sake yin girma kuma ya girma. Rashin hasken za a iya yin hukunci da shi ta hanyar kodadde, ganye mai elongated da peduncles. A cikin inuwa, shuka ku ba zai ba da buds kwata-kwata. Idan kuna son ganin kyawawan furanni masu fure a jikin taga, zaɓi windows a gefen kudu na gidan.
Yanayin zafin jiki na iska da fasalin ban ruwa lokacin da girma girma
Don kiyaye furanni a kan shuka har abada, a cikin kulawa na gida don hipeastrum yana ba da ƙirƙirar yanayin mafi kyau da yanayin zafi.
- Zafin zafin rana a rana shine 20-22 ° C;
- A dare, iska ya kamata ya zama mai sanyaya ɗan kadan, kimanin 18 ° C.
Hippeastrum ba ya son canje-canje na zazzabi; yayin lokacin ajiya, yana da mahimmanci kada a rage ƙwancin zafin jiki a ƙasa +5 ° C, wanda zai iya lalata furen fure. Amma a cikin lambu, ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi har zuwa -1 ° C shuka, idan an rufe shi da kayan da ba'a saka ba.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi na wannan nau'in kwan fitila shine 75-80%.
Watering lokacin girma hippeastrum shima yana da ƙayyadaddu. Har zuwa kibiya ya tashi zuwa 10-15 cm, ana dasa itaciyar a cikin matsakaici, a tabbata cewa saman ƙasan ƙasa tsakanin ban ruwa ya bushe.
Yayinda furanni suka fara buɗewa, adadin danshi yana ƙaruwa, ƙoƙarin hana ambaliya mai haɗari ga asalinsu.
Hippeastrum abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin farko na hippeastrum ana aiwatar dashi a farkon makonni 4-6 bayan da shuka "ta farka". Sannan furen ya kamata ya sami tallafi a cikin takin zamani a kowane sati biyu, kuma ana yin takin karshe na wata daya kafin a tura kwararan fitila su huta.
Manyan riguna a koyaushe a haɗe suke da ruwa domin takin zamani ya shiga cikin ƙasa mai jika.
Babban mahimmancin abubuwan gina jiki na hippeastrum shine potassium. Lokacin da hular hippeastrum ke tsiro, an haɗo shi da cakuda-phosphorus-potassium tare da ƙara kaɗan na nitrogen. Kamar yadda ganye ke bayyana, adadin nitrogen yana ƙaruwa, yana kawo adadin phosphorus. Daga Mayu zuwa ƙarshen bazara, ana iya musayar abubuwa tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Idan ana amfani da hadadden ƙayyadadden tsari, zai fi kyau zaɓi zaɓi don kwararan fitila, inda rabo daga nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium shine 1: 3: 4.5.
Yadda za a kula da hippeastrum, idan an shuka shuka ba tare da ƙasa ba, akan maganin abinci mai gina jiki? A wannan yanayin, don lita 10 na ruwa zaka buƙaci:
- 3 grams na magnesium sulfate;
- 9 grams na takin mai magani;
- 3 grams na nitonium nitrate;
- 7 grams na superphosphate,
- kazalika da cakuda abubuwan da aka gano.
Lokacin girma hippeastrum, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa wuce haddi na nitrogen yana barazanar cututtuka. Irin waɗannan kwararan fitila na iya jujjuyawa tare da jurewa lokacin da yake muni.
