Abin da ya faru da karas - manyan cututtuka da hanyoyin magani tare da hotuna

Karas, kamar sauran amfanin gona, ana fuskantar su da cututtuka daban-daban. Cututtukan karas sun bambanta. Daga cikin su akwai irin su Rotting, cracking, samuwar cutarwa da siffofin mummuna, da sauransu. Za a tattauna dalilan da suka haifar da wadannan cututtukan da yadda za a magance su.

Cututtukan karas gama gari tare da hotuna

Mafi yawancin lokuta tsakanin cututtukan karas, ana samun cututtukan putrefactive.

• Kwayoyin Mucoal (rigar sanyi)

Wet rot shi ne halin wadannan alamomi masu zuwa, fatar tushen tayin yakan zama ba a ji dashi, warin mara dadi yana fitowa, a wasu yanayi duhu a farfajiyar sa.

A ciki na karas ya zama mai laushi kuma taro ne mai ɗora.

Cutar ta kasance cikin sauri zuwa wasu albarkatu masu tushe kuma suna buƙatar fitarwa cikin gaggawa daga karas mai lafiya.

• Sclerotiniosis (fararen rot)

Tare da farin rot, warin putrefactive ba ya nan, duk da haka, farjin tushen amfanin kansa yana da laushi da ruwa kuma wani lokacin yana da farin farin shafi.

Mafi sau da yawa, cutar na tushen amfanin gona yana tabbata da laushi na karas kansu.

Zazzabi mai zafi a cikin ɗakunan ajiya (+ 20 ° C da sama) da ƙaruwar zafi (sama da 90%) suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka cutar.

Phomosis (bushe rot)

Ana nuna bushewar bushewa ta hanyar bayyanar da hankali na duhu launin shuɗi da ratsi daga koli da kan dukkan tushen tushen, wanda daga baya ya juya ya zama babban tsagi na ciki da fari.

Nau'in cuta (black rot)

Dalilin bayyanar baƙar fata rot yana daɗaɗa zafi, yana bayyana a cikin bayyanar busassun duhu da ƙirar kore, sannan juya zuwa baƙar fata, wanda ke shimfidawa da sauri.

Idan kun lura da bayyanar wannan cuta a kan karas, nan da nan cire tushen tushen amfanin gona daga shagon. Tsaba kuma shafawa baƙar fata baki ɗaya.

Ta wannan hanyar, sayi tsaba a cikin ingantattun wurare daga masu girka amintattu.

Rhizoctonia (scab)

Tare da scab, launin toka ya bayyana a kan tushen (daga baya sun juya launin shuɗi), sannu a hankali karas ya bushe ya lalace. Cutar tana nufin fungal.

Sanadin Rot

Babban dalilan haifar da lalacewa na iya zama masu zuwa:

• karancin potassium;
• yanayin zafi;
• dagagge zazzabi da zafi a cikin ajiya lokacin ajiya na amfanin gona;
• tarin tushen albarkatu a cikin yanayin rigar da kwanciya don ajiya ba tare da bushewa na farko ba;
• shahararrun lokacin bazara da sanyi;
• alamar littafi don adana karas da ya riga ya lalace, gami da rodents, kwari ko wasu kwari.

Matakan hanawa

• Yarda da bukatun jujin amfanin gona.

Karas ba da shawarar a shuka su a wuri guda daga shekara zuwa shekara, wurin dasa ya kamata a canza.

• Yarda da fasahar aikin gona.

Theasa don karas ya kamata a deoxidized kuma mai arziki a cikin humus, alhali ba ruwa ba, amma ba bushe. Kada ku bar ƙasa ta yi nauyi, wannan yana haifar da raunana amfanin gona da bayyanar cututtuka. Kafin girbi, a sa takin mai magani akan phosphorus-potash.

• Miyar da tsaba kafin shuka karas, amfani da nasu tsaba.

Maganin hana daukar ciki na Antifungal. 20-30 kwanaki kafin girbi, lura da dasa tare da shirye-shiryen magani (Abiga-peak, Khom, Agricola, Maroon fluid, da sauransu).

• Girbi.

Yankin girbi mai kyau ya kamata ya sadu da buƙatu da yawa, musamman: ranar bushewa, yawan zafin jiki na kimanin + 5 ° C, yanke ƙwanƙwasa a nesa na kusan 1.5-2 cm daga tushen tushen amfanin gona, ana rarraba karas (ana watsar da aikin lalacewa) kuma an bushe.

• Adana wurin sarrafawa.

Kafin sanya shuki, yakamata a fitar da wuri ko kuma wurin ajiyar yakamata a gano shi.

• Yanayin ajiya.

Don mafi kyawun yanayi don adana karas, daki mai iska mai kyau da kuma yarda da tsarin zafin jiki na 0- + 2С ° ya zama dole.

• Ana Share ƙasa daga ciyayi.

Bayan mun girbe, wajibi ne don cire ragowar ciyawar don hunturu, don guje wa ƙwayoyin cuta.

• Kyakkyawar weeding da thinning.

Rashin lalacewar jiki ga kayan amfanin gona

Irin wannan lalacewar amfanin gona kamar fatattaka, bifurcation ko gashin gashi yakamata a yi la'akari da ilimin dabi'a, yayin da karas kuma zai kasance mai ci, ba tare da rasa ɗanɗano da halaye masu amfani ba, amma har yanzu ba a ba da shawarar don adanawa ba.

Matakan don kaurace wa lalacewa ta jiki

Matakan da ake yin sa da su kaurace wa cutarwa daga kayan cutarwa sune kariya da kuma gyara yanayin:

1. Kada ku bushe ƙasa, kuma idan wannan ya faru, kada kuyi ƙoƙarin yin danshi a lokaci guda. A lokacin da bushewa kasar gona, rarraba da ruwa a ko'ina domin da yawa kwana.
2. Ba lallai ba ne don yin takin nitrogen ko taki bayan kashe karas.
3. Don tsarma ƙasa mai nauyi a cikin kaka, ya kamata ku tono gadaje na kusan 10-15 cm, yin sapropel (3 kilogiram na busassun kayan haɗin / mita 1 square). Kari akan haka, ya zama dole a kara iri daya: deoxidizing jami'ai (lemun tsami ko wasu) da jami'anta na oxidizing.

Karin kwari

• Karas tashi

Haɗarin haɗari ya haɗa da lardin karas (a cikin fararen fari, kusan 5-8 mm tsawo), saboda abin da amfanin gona ya lalace ta hanyar ramuka masu duhu, aibobi sun bayyana a farfajiya, dandano kuma ya zama mai ɗaci, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar ire-iren ire-iren rot.

Kuna iya ƙayyade shan kashi na tashi mai karas ta hanyar bayyanar: tana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'in fiɗa na ja da wilting.

Yarinya karas yana fitowa daga ƙasa lokacin furannin 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure da itacen apple, a zazzabi ƙasa sama da + 15 ° C. Tana sanya ƙwai bayan kwanaki 25-30 bayan tsiro, yayin da aka sanya ƙwai a cikin bazara.

A cikin yaƙar ƙwayar karas, waɗannan masu yiwuwa ne:

• Ana shirya tsaba kafin shuka. Jiƙa iri na kwana 10 a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi a zazzabi na + 40 ° C na awanni biyu. Bayan shafawa, sanya tsaba a kan zane mai bushe, sanya shi cikin jaka tare da ramuka a cikin firiji na kwana 10. Dry kafin shuka.
• A farkon shuka karas.
• Saukowa a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi a cikin sanannun iska, yanki mai ruwa.
• Cire nau'in daji na daji (dandelions, Clover) daga shafin.
• Ikon juyawa.
• Fesa kasar gona da tsirrai tare da hade da baki da ja barkono (1 tablespoon / 1 tablespoon na ruwa).
• Madadin gadaje na albasa da tafarnuwa tare da karas.
• Dasa tsire-tsire masu jan hankalin karas tashi (marigolds).
• Tsari tare da kyakkyawan raga ko kayan rufewa (agril, lutrasil, da dai sauransu).

Muna fatan a yanzu, sanin cututtukan karas da yadda za a hana su, zaku sami girbi mai albarka!