Pansies - kyau, kamar a cikin hikaya!

Daga cikin farkon farkon furanni da ciyayi, pansies sun mamaye ɗayan farkon wurare a cikin floriculture. Yawan launuka da haɗuwa launinsu abu ne mai sauƙin ban mamaki: daga fararen fata zuwa kusan baki tare da kowane nau'in tabarau na rawaya, shuɗi, ja. A tsakiyar fure akwai sau da yawa tabo na asali da launi.

Pansies (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto Oliveira

Akwai nau'ikan mashahuri guda biyu na wannan shuka - Tricolor violet da Wittroka violet. Sun bambanta da siffar fure, F. Wittrock yana da manyan furanni, kuma F. tricolor ƙaramin tsire-tsire ne.

Pansies, ko Violet tricolor (Viola tricolor) - tsire-tsire na herbaceous gama gari a Turai da yankuna na Asiya; nau'in kwayoyin halittar Violet na iyali Violet.
Fallet dansjan, ko lambun pansies (Víola × wittrokiana) - a shuka herbaceous na matasan asalin cikin gidan Violet. A ƙarƙashin wannan sunan, nau'ikan da yawa da ƙungiyoyin cultivar da aka samu tare da halartar violet din tricolor (Viola tricolor), Altai (Viola altaicada launin rawaya (Viola lutea) da wasu nau'in halittu.

A zamanin da, ana amintar da pans da mallakar mai ƙauna: idan ruwan 'ya'yan itace kawai ya yafa idanun mai bacci har abada kuma ya jira farkawarsa, zai faɗi cikin ƙauna har abada. Faransanci da pawanni suna ba da buɗaɗɗiya azaman rikewa don rabuwa. Kuma a Ingila, an samo al'ada: saurayi, mai jin kunya na bayyana ƙaunarsa, kawai aika wannan busasshen fure ga ƙaunataccensa kuma rubuta sunansa.

Pansies - perennials tare da tsawo na 15 zuwa 30 cm, yawanci ana girma su kamar biennials. Furannin furanninsu na maimaitawa kamar sikirin ne. Bushes a farkon lokacin girma ya zama karama, sannan kuma sun zama yawu; babban harba shine madaidaici, tushen tsarin shine fibrous. A cikin axils na ganyen pansies, fure furen itace, ƙarshen abin da aka lashe ta hanyar manyan manyan furanni guda tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 7. specialimar pansies na musamman ya ta'allaka ne a farkon da kuma fure furen. A tsakiyar Rasha, sun yi fure a ƙarshen Afrilu.

Yawancin nau'ikan violet masu manyan-fure, hadaddun matasan da aka samo yayin shekaru da yawa na aikin zaɓi, sun yaɗu a cikin al'ada. Yawancin hybrids na zamani suna da tsayayyar zafi kuma suna da ikon yin fure ko'ina cikin bazara.

Pansies (Viola tricolor)

Noma da kulawa

A musamman darajar pansies ne farkon kuma profuse fure. Yi amfani da pansies don ƙirar fararen fure mai juyawa na bazara na farkon bazara. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da ta rasa kayan kwalliya, matukan jirgi zasu maye gurbin ta. Amma ya danganta da lokacin shuka da fasahar aikin gona, zaku iya samun fure a lokacin bazara da ƙarshen kaka. A wannan batun, pansies suna filastik, filastik kuma suna da sauƙin al'adar shuka. Ana yaɗa pansies da yawa ta tsaba da koren kore. Dogaro da lokacin furanni da aka yi niyya, ana yin shuka ne a lokuta daban-daban. Don samun farkon farkon yalwataccen fure, ana shuka tsaba a cikin bazara na shekarar da ta gabata.

A cikin yankuna na arewa da arewa maso yamma, alal misali, a kusa da Leningrad da Murmansk, ana yin shuka iri a cikin fili (gandun daji) a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli don tsire-tsire ba su girma sosai, ba su da girma sosai, kuma kada ku yi fure a cikin faɗuwa.

Wittrock violet, ko kayan lambu (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09

Pansies sune tsire-tsire masu hunturu, amma a Arewa maso yamma, amma wani lokacin a tsakiyar layi, suna daskarewa da bushewa. Mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a wurare masu laima kuma idan aka karya lokacin shuka. Idan an shuka iri a cikin watan Mayu da wuri - farkon watan Yuni, seedlings ɗin sun yi faɗi a faɗo da kuma fashewa. Irin wannan tsire-tsire suna shiga cikin wintering riga ya raunana, suna talaucin jure hunturu kuma mafi yawan lokaci wither bãya. Saboda haka, da-bunƙasa, amma ba overgrown kuma ba ya raunana da kaka flowering shuke-shuke yi haƙuri overwintering mafi kyau, ba su ama, kuma Bloom da kyau a cikin idon ruwa na gaba shekara. A baya, belated amfanin gona, da tsire-tsire shiga cikin hunturu isasshe da ƙarfi, bai isa ba ci gaba. Suna sanyin hunturu kuma suna girma daga baya a bazara. Lokacin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara mai tsananin sanyi tare da tsananin sanyi yana shafar hunturu na pansies. Spring ne musamman m, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara narke da wuri, thaws fara, kuma da dare - mai tsananin sanyi. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a sanya dusar ƙanƙan da dusar kankara tare da pansies. An yi haƙuri da rashi low low damp wurare musamman musamman bazara stagnation na ruwa.

Don samun seedlings, ana shuka shuka a cikin seedlings ko a kan dogayen da aka kula da su sosai a cikin layuka, ba a shuka iri a jere a jere, seedlings suna bayyana a ranar 6-14th. Kulawar ta yau da kullun: shayarwa, samar da jerin wurare. An dasa harbe a wasu wuraren shakatawa ko wuraren kiwo, inda yakamata suyi hunturu. Nisa lokacin da aka yi ɗakwal 20 cm 20. Dole ne a yi girki a kan kari, da guje wa shimfiɗar tsage da mamayar seedlingsan itace.

A farkon bazara mai zuwa, tsirrai da sauri sun fara girma kuma suka fara bazara a farkon bazara. Don hanzarta ciyawa, ana iya rufe gadaje da fim a farkon bazara. A cikin yanayin fure, ana dasa pansies zuwa gadaje na fure. Don yin ado windows da baranda, ana shuka su cikin tukwane ko a cikin akwatunan fure.

Kula da dasa a wuraren yin rijista ya ƙunshi tsarin weeding da kwance-layi. Idan ya cancanta, ruwa da kula da kwaro. Yana da amfani don ciyar da seedlings tare da nitonium na ammonium kuma ƙara superphosphate (20-40 g a 1 m2). Pansies ba zai iya tsayawa sabo taki. Don tsawaita fure a lokacin bazara, ya zama dole don cire duk furanni iri iri don jinkirta ci gaban 'ya'yan itacen, tunda lokacin da aka shuka iri, tsirrai sun daina bushewa.

A kan matalauta, bushe, yashi mai yashi, pansies da sauri ya zama ƙarami, musamman iri tare da furanni masu girma. Tsarin takin gargajiya a cikin takin da humus (5 kg ta 1 m2) dole ne a yi amfani da irin wannan ƙasa; ba da shawarar sabon taki ba. A wani wuri mai ruwa, furanni pansy suna girma da haske. A cikin inuwa m, sun yi ɗan lokaci kaɗan, amma mafi talauci, furanni sun fi ƙanana kuma ba mai haske sosai.

Wittrock violet, ko kayan lambu (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09

A lokacin bazara, lokacin da pansies suka yi fure kuma suka rasa kayan ado, ana haƙa su kuma an maye gurbinsu da lokacin bazara.

Don samun tsaba daga yawan tsirrai na digged, an zaɓi mafi yawan ƙananan samfuran samfurori waɗanda aka dasa su kuma a dasa su a kan zuriyar tsirrai (suna canja wuri cikin sauƙi a cikin yanayin fure). Watering wajibi ne. La'akari da gaskiyar cewa pansies ne giciye-pollinated shuke-shuke, lokacin da dasa shuki su a kan tsaba, Yana da muhimmanci a lura da na sarari kadaici na daya iri daga wani. Wannan zai baka damar samun tsabtataccen tsaba. Tarin tsaba yakamata a fara lokacin da kwalliya za suyi rawaya, in ba haka ba zasu fasa da sauri kuma tsaba zasu zube.

Idan ana so, ana iya yin pansies azaman al'adun shekara-shekara. Don yin wannan, ana shuka shuka tsaba a cikin Maris a cikin greenhouse ko daki a cikin kwano, kwalaye nutsar. A watan Afrilu, sun nutse cikin katako, kuma a watan Mayu sun sauka a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin shuka lokacin bazara, pansies suna nuna tsawan tsawan a lokacin bazara na shekarar guda. Amma cikin sharuddan yawa da girman furanni, al'adun shekara-shekara suna da yawa zuwa tsire-tsire da aka shuka daga shuka shuka na bara.

Don fure na kaka, ana shuka pansies a watan Afrilu - Mayu, a ranar 55th-70th ranar da suka yi fure.

Pansies (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto Oliveira

Kiwo

Babban amfani shine ciyawar hanyar yaduwar nau'ikan nau'ikan pansies - koren kore a bude. Abu ne mai sauki, inganci kuma a lokaci guda yana baka damar tsaftace iri-iri, samun kayan dasa abubuwa da yawa a lokacin bazara. Ana ɗaukar yankan daga Mayu zuwa Yuli a allurai 2 zuwa 3. Duk harbe-rubucen ganye kore tare da nodes 2 zuwa 3 sun dace. Don yin wannan, a cikin inuwa, wurare masu laushi kaɗan (a ƙarƙashin rijiyoyin bishiyoyi) yi ƙananan layin dogo. An cika su kuma an shayar dasu.

An dasa yankan zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm, a hankali, wanda ya sa ganyen wannan yankan ya kasance yana hulɗa da ganyen wani. An dasa guda 400 a kowace murabba'in murabba'i. Bayan dasa, fesa da ruwa.

A farkon kwanaki, don kauce wa wilting, dasa cuttings ya kamata a rufe da takarda moistened da ruwa, samar da mafi gumi yanayi, wanda na taimaka wa sauri rooting. Hankali ya ƙunshi a cikin shayarwar yau da kullun, spraying, weeding. Bayan makonni 3 zuwa 4, yanyen suna ba da kashi 95 - 100%. Tare da farkon (Mayu, Yuni) grafting, tsire-tsire suna yin bazara a lokacin rani ko faɗuwar shekarar. Daga baya cuttings ba yawan fure a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa.

Tushen daskararre ana dasa shi a cikin kaka zuwa gadaje ko gadaje na fure. Tare da matattara sosai (Agusta), tsire-tsire masu tushe sun fi dacewa don wintering a cuttings, rufe su da ganye don hunturu. Ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire a cikin gadaje na fure a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa.

Yaduwa da matasan pansies tare da kore cuttings bayar da rejuvenation na shuke-shuke da ayan girma girma a shekara ta uku a kudi na fure. Kimanin sare 10 za'a iya yanke shi daga shuka ta igiyar ciki a mataki daya, kuma a bazara - 30 - 45 inji mai kwakwalwa.

Iri daban-daban

Varietiesananan nau'ikan flowered.

Blue boy - furanni masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi, tare da diamita na 3-4 cm; Snow Maiden - fararen furanni, 3 - 4 cm a diamita.
Little Red Ride Hood - furanni suna da haske ja, 3.5 - 4 cm a diamita.

Manyan iri-iri.

Sarkin kankara - furen fari fari ne da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. A ƙasan furanni uku masu launin shuɗi ne, gefunan har ma. Furanni a kan dogo mai tsayi (8-10 cm), har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Tsawon daji shine 20 'cm.
Rana lokacin sanyi - furen yana da rawaya mai haske, a kan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan furannin akwai duhu karammiski mai duhu-baki, gefuna ba su da kyau. Furanni a kan dogo mai tsayi (8 - 10 cm), 5 cm a diamita. Tsayin Bush 20 cm.
Sarauniyar Sama - launin shudi yayin da fure yake kusan shuɗi, acikin rana yana ƙonewa kuma ya sami haske mai ruwan lilac-blue. Furen ya kai 4.5 - 5 cm a diamita. Gefen furannin sun kasance koda, farfajiyar tana da tsawon-cm cm-11 tsawo daga cikin daji shine 20 cm.
Sihirin Marta - Furen yana da launin shuɗi mai duhu, tare da cikakken fure kusan launin baki. Abubuwan fure suna da laushi, - gefuna ko da. Furen 5 - 5.5 cm a diamita, tsayin tsayi (9-10 cm). Tsayin Bush 20 cm.
Jupita - A gindin fure, fure mai tsayi sune ruwan hoda-violet, an fizge a saman. Launi na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan furannin suma suna da launin ruwan hoda-violet, gefuna na petals har ma, maɓallan gajeru ne (7 - 8 cm). Tsayin Bush 20 cm.
Maraice maraice - Furen yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja, a kan ƙananan ƙananan furanni guda uku akwai wurare masu duhu idan aka kwatanta da babban bango, gefunan petals suna da ɗanɗano, farfajiyar tana da tsawo (9-10 cm). Furen ya kai 5 - 5.5 cm a diamita. Isan daji yayi ƙasa 10 - 15 cm.

Nau'ikan Gigantic.

Shuɗi - furen shine violet-blue, shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu akan ƙananan ƙananan furanni guda uku, gefuna na petal har ma, furen shine 6 - 7 cm a diamita, akan tsayin daka mai tsayi (10 - 11 cm). Tsayin Bush 25 cm.
Fari - furen fari farare ne mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, ya kai 6-7 cm a diamita, gefuna da petals ɗin suna ɗan wavy, farfajiya tana da tsawo (9-10 cm). Dajin yana da 20 cm tsayi.
Rawaya mai launin shuɗi - furen yana da monophonic, rawaya mai launin shuɗi, ya kai 6 - 7 cm a diamita, gefuna na petals har ma, peduncle yana da tsayi (10-12 cm). Tsayin Bush 20 cm.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

Daga cikin ayyukan pansies, idanu na iya shafar aphids, scoops, wanda aka yi amfani da magungunan da suka dace. Daga cikin cututtukan da suka danganta da fasaha na aikin gona, kafa na baki, tushe da tushe mai bushe, tabo, mildew powdery zai iya haɓaka.

Saboda unpretentiousness da yawan fure, ana girma pansies a kan flowerbeds kuma a cikin baranda jan kwalliya, yi ado dasa na albasa furanni da mai tsayi nunin faifai. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, za su faranta maka rai da furanni tun daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Akwai wata tatsuniya cewa, bayan shekaru masu yawa na jira, budurwa mai aminci Anyuta, wanda sau ɗaya ta kashe ango don kare mahaifarta, wacce ba ta dawo ba, ta juya cikin wannan fure. Kuma yanzu, kamar shekaru masu yawa da suka wuce, akwai pansies kusa da hanya, suna fatan "sa" a cikin nesa.