Yadda ake dasa Ezemalin yadda yakamata a bazara da kaka Yadda ake kulawa da EzemalinMenene ezemalin? Tuni da suna, zaku iya tantance cewa wannan haɗin blackberry da rasberi. Masu shayarwa na Amurka sun sami wannan matasan a ƙarshen karni na XIX. Sakamakon yana da gamsarwa: babban yawan aiki, unpretentiousness da sauƙi na kulawa. Don yankinmu, al'ada abu ne mai sabon abu; ba a samunshi a cikin dachas na Rasha da makircin sirri.
Matsayi ya sami mafi kyawun fasali daga “iyayensa”. Dukansu berries suna da kyakkyawan dandano: ɗanɗanar gyada wani abu ne mai matsakaici, akwai iyaɗan biyu da baƙin ciki na asali. Amma ga halaye na daji da kanta da kuma kula: da al'adu ke tsiro da kyau ko da a arewacin yankunan (da amfani gaji daga raspberries), ba ya gabatar da bukatun musamman a kan abun da ke ciki na kasar ("lada" daga blackberry), da mai tushe an rufe da kananan ƙaya (sabanin blackberries, manyan kashin baya wanda ke haifar da rashin damuwa yayin girbi).
Don haka, dasa shuki a kan makircin ezhimalina ya kawar da buƙatar shuka tsiro na Berry 2 lokaci guda: raspberries da blackberries. Wannan yana adana lokaci da sarari a shafin. Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ba ku damar tasarrufi a kan sabbin berries, yin shirye-shirye don hunturu ('ya'yan itaciyar stewed, adana, jams).
Shawarwarin sayan seedlings
Yankin Yezemalin bai riga ya karɓa ba Da kyau, idan makwabta sun riga sun sami irin wannan shuka - kuna iya neman seedling. Sau da yawa ana siyar da seedlings ta hanyar shafuka akan Intanet. Amma lokacin sayen, la'akari da wasu ƙananan dabarun: kar a yi oda kaya daga kamfani wanda ke dubban kilomita daga wurin ku, saboda yanayin yanayin can na iya bambanta. Hakanan, hanyar da 'yar karamar hanya take bi, mafi kyawun su zata rayu kuma ta samu nasarar zama tushen. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine siye a cibiyoyi na musamman ko wuraren kiwon lafiya.
Haihuwar yau da kullun
Iri lashes da hanyoyin haifuwa
Sake bugun karfin ya ƙunshi zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa:
Tsarin tafiyar matakai
Sake bugun ezhimalina basal harbe hoto
A farkon bazara, a hankali raba da shoot daga uwa shuka, nan da nan dasa shi a kan akai girma site.
Rooting cuttings
Yanke hotunan hoto
A farkon bazara, yanke yankan daga rassan shekarar bara, a farkon lokacin bazara - daga harbe na shekara-shekara, tsayin su ya zama 30-35 cm kuma ya kamata su sami bunƙasa da yawa.
Sake bugun ezhimalina kore kore hoto
Don tushen tushe, dasa a cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki, samar da dumama da shayarwa na yau da kullun. Tushen zai bayyana a kusan wata daya - dasa a kan kullun wurin girma, wanda ya sa seedlings su sami lokacin girma kafin sanyi.
Maimaitawa
Sake bugun shinge mai shinge
A watan Agusta, lanƙwasa ƙaramin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaramin ƙasa ya tono shi a cikin maɓuɓɓugar zuwa zurfin kusan 20 cm. A lokacin bazara, tsiron zai fito (zaka iya samun harbe 3-4). Kuna iya juyawa zuwa wuri na dindindin lokacin da suka sami ƙarfi (tsayin su ya zama akalla 15 cm).
Lokacin sauka
Ana iya aiwatar da saukowa a farkon bazara (da zaran ƙasa ta narke kuma akwai yiwuwar samun damar shiga shafin) ko a cikin kaka (Oktoba shine mafi kyawun lokaci).
Shafin don namo
Ezemalin daji yayi kama da hoto
Don shuka tsiron Yezemalin, zaɓi hanyar da hasken rana zai ba shi kariya kuma an kiyaye shi daga abubuwan da aka tsara. Guji kusan faruwar lamarin ruwan karkashin kasa - zaku iya yin gadaje masu yawa.
Shuka Dokoki
Ana gudanar da saukowa a cikin bushes guda ko a cikin layuka. A farkon lamari, ana buƙatar tallafin mutum ga kowane shuka, a karo na biyu - zaku iya harbi a kan trellis.
Matsakaicin girman ramin saiti shine 40x40x40 cm. Zaka iya sa rami ya fi girma ko ya fi girma - babban tsarin yakamata ya dace da yardar kaina. A kasan sa wani malalewa Layer na m yashi, ƙara kadan rotted taki ko takin.
- Sanya seedling a cikin rami na dasa, daidaita Tushen, cika sauran sarari tare da ƙasa da aka fitar daga cikin ramin hade da potassium-phosphorus taki. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce, kuma ƙara ash ko gari dolomite.
Yadda ake dasa hoto na wata-wata
- Rike nisan kusan 1 m tsakanin kowane tsire-tsire, 2 m tsakanin layuka.
- Latsa ƙasa a kusa da seedling dan kadan, tushen wuya ya kamata ya kasance tare da farfajiyar ƙasa.
- Yanke harbe, barin girman of 30 cm.
- Don hana haɓaka ciyawar ciyawa, ku rufe ƙasa da kwali (a cikin shekara zai lalace kuma ya zama a matsayin taki). Zuba kowane abu mai mulching a saman (cakuda busasshen sawdust tare da ash cikakke), kauri ya kamata ya zama 8-15 cm.
Taimako ga gidan gona ya fi kyau a kafa nan da nan a lokacin dasa. Ga kowane daji guda ɗaya, shigar da tsintsaye guda 2, a tsakanin su suna buɗe layuka 2-3 na waya, da farko an ɗaure harbe zuwa ƙananan layi, yayin da rassan fruiting suke girma, ya kamata a ɗaura su zuwa babban bene. Zai fi sauƙi girma cikin layuka tare da garter akan trellis. Tsawonsa ya kamata ya zama 2-2.3 m, yi layuka na 3-5 (an haɗa su a cikin haɓaka).
Yadda ake kulawa da karfin mutum
A m kai miya ezemalin ba ya bukatar. Idan kun yi amfani da taki a lokacin shuka kuma kuka samar da ciyawa, ciyawa, fara ciyarwa daga shekara ta 3 na girma. Excessarin takin mai magani ba zai haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar matasa ba, wanda ke rage juriya game da shuka. Takin tare da taki mai narkewa ko takin (sabobin kwayoyin halitta ba bu mai kyau).
Ruwa zai zama dole ne kawai lokacin tsananin fari, yayin da ba sa kafa “fadama”.
Lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka fara saitawa, rufe bushes tare da kyakkyawan net. Wannan zai samar da isasshen girgizawa (a ƙarƙashin rinjayar haskoki, ana “gasa”) kuma zai kare mamayewa daga tsuntsayen.
Ingancin yau da kullun da madaidaiciyar garter
Yadda ake amfanin gona da ɗaure hoto
A lokacin rani, rassan canzawa suna girma a cikin Yezemalin. Yana da Dole a tsunkule fi a lokacin da suka isa tsawo na 2.5 m (saboda haka za su kasance thicker, zai ba more a kaikaice harbe).
Yezmalin akan hoton trellis
Bayan fruiting, datsa: bar 4-5 karfi harbe na wannan shekara a cikin daji (tabbatar da cewa an yanke duk rassan tsohuwar bishiyoyi), a takaita tsawon wannan lebur ta 20-30 cm a cikin bazara. Wannan zai kara yawan amfanin ƙasa (mafi girma berries kuma a adadi mai yawa).
Wata hanyar rarrabawa hoto na wata-wata
Zai fi kyau a ɗaure dogon fiɗa na hannun mutum zuwa goyon baya, yana iya zama babban trellis ko tallafin ƙarfe mutum.
Cin nasara
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, Yezemalin na iya hunturu ba tare da tsari.
A cikin kaka, tanƙwara harbe a ƙasa, a rufe da kayan da ba a saka ba, a yayyafa shi da bambaro, ganye mai bushe ko ɗanɗano a sama. Murfin dusar ƙanƙara na iya wasa da kayan ruɓe - jefa ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara a kan bushes.
Cutar da kwari
Yarda da fasaha na aikin gona, kulawa da ta dace zai ba da kariya ga cututtuka da kwari. Yi la'akari da yiwuwar matsaloli.
Cutar
- Anthracnose: harbe an rufe shi da diddige launin ruwan kasa, wanda zai iya lalata shuka gaba ɗaya.
Don hana wannan daga faruwa, kar a ƙara yin daskarar da tsire-tsire, a datsa a kai a kai. A hankali a yanka a jefar da ɓarnar da abin ya shafa. Bi da tare da foundationazole ko topsin. Don hana farkon bazara, bi da tare da 1% na Bordeaux ruwa, maimaita hanya bayan kwanaki 10-12.
- Tushen launin toka: berries da ganyayyaki an rufe su da wani farin whitish.
Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da magani tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal kwanaki 20-30 kafin girbi. Bi umarnin a hankali (kar a wuce sashi ko maida hankali). Kuna iya gudanar da ƙyalli na cinikin filin ko kuma nettle. Zai yuwu a yi amfani da ɗayan mafita (a cikin 10 l na ruwa): 200 g na ash; 1 kilogiram na taki; 100 sulfuridal sulfur; 50 g na soda ash.
Daga cikin kwari za a iya rikice: rasberi irin ƙwaro, weevil, galitsa.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya:
- Daga rasberi irin ƙwaro larvae an kaka zurfin digging ne da za'ayi.
- Yayin ƙirƙirar buds, bi da jiko na tansy (1 kg na sabo ko 350 g na bushe tansy za a buƙaci 5 l na ruwa, tafasa tsawon minti 30, barin tsawon awanni 24, sannan zuriya kuma ƙara 5 l na ruwan sanyi.
- A lokacin buduwa, bi da karbofos.
- Kowane makonni 2, a yanka a kuma ƙone firan da aka fi shafa.
Mafi kyawun nau'in ezemalin tare da hotuna da kwatanci
Jezmalin Tiberberry Rubus fruticosus x idaeus tayberry hoto
Tiberberry Tayberry - bred kusan rabin karni da suka gabata a Scotland, sanannen iri ne. Tsawon daji shine 2.5 m, mai tushe yana rufe da ƙananan spikes. The berries ne oblong, babba (kai tsawon 6 cm), duhu ja a launi. Fruiting fara a Yuli.
Texas - bushes tare da creeping harbe kai tsawon har zuwa 5 m, kananan ƙaya. A berries ne oblong a cikin siffar, game da 4 cm tsawo, da cikakken ripened Berry yana da duhu rasberi launi, da kuma kawai m kakin zuma shafi, dandani more kamar raspberries. Girbi ya fara a Yuli. Yawan aiki kusan kilo 4 a kowace daji.
Hoton Ezemalin Loganberry rubus Loganberry photo
Loganberry Loganberry - harbe mai rarrafe, an rufe shi da ƙaya (babu nau'ikan jirgi-ruwa, misali, Thornless Loganberry). Rywannen da ke da siffar mazugi ya kai tsawon 4 cm, launin ruwan duhu mai duhu ba tare da haske ba. Yawan aiki shine kusan kilo 6 a kowane daji. Kwanannin 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun zo daidai da raspberries na talakawa.
Darrow Darrow - harbe yana kafa, kafaɗa tsayi game da m 3. Berries oblong, m tare da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, ɗanɗano mai daɗi da m. Wani tsoran daji na iya samar da amfanin gona mai nauyin kilogram 10.
Hoto na Bozenova
Boysenberry ko Berry Boysenova ba shi da ƙima a cikin ɗanɗano: rasberi mai dadi tare da bayanin kula da baƙin ciki mara nauyi, suna da ƙanshin gaske. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai siffar mazugi, launin shuɗi mai launi. Abun harbe-harben tsintsaye tsayi ne tsawon mintuna 2-3, tsintsaye masu wuya ne. Fruiting tun ƙarshen Yuli.
Ezemalin Silvan Rubus Silvan hoto
Silvan Silvan - harbe mai rarrafe tare da ƙarancin spikes. Rounded berries, yin la'akari game da 13 g, a cikin nau'in ripened suna da launi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu, suna da ƙoshin zaki. Girbi yana farawa a watan Yuli.
Ezemalin Cumberland Cumberland hoto
Cumberland Cumberland - Wannan kuma ana kiranta black rasberi. The berries ne zagaye a siffar, baki da shuɗi tare da waxy shafi. Harbe suna madaidaiciya, suna 1.5-2 m high. Yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace a Yuli. 'Ya'yan itacen berries suna da ƙarfi, suna da kyakkyawan suna a harkar sufuri, kuma ana iya adana su sabo tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran.
