Guzberi girma

Fasahar aikin gona

A kan filayen lambu na gona mai zurfi tare da zurfin m Layer, gooseberries za a iya horar da su fiye da shekaru ashirin. A kan yashi marasa ciyawa ko ƙasa na peaty, bushes da ya fi shekaru 10-12 ba su dace su bar ba. Yankunan da aka haskaka daga cikin lambun, har da layuka na bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya, ana kiyaye su daga iska mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin al'adun.

Gooseberries jure wa acidity ƙasa fiye da sauran amfanin gona na Berry. Tare da gabatarwar ingantaccen takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai, ana samun nasarar horarwa koda kan ƙasa mai yashi. Wanda ba a iya dacewa da dasa shuki mai nauyi na ƙasa ba tare da matattarar ruwan karkashin ruwa. A gangaren na shuka ya kamata a sanya a cikin babba ko tsakiyar ɓangare don kauce wa mai tsanani lalacewa ta hanyar bazara frosts, soaking, daskarewa hunturu da kuma lalacewa ta hanyar fungal cututtuka.

A shekara-shekara aikace-aikace na takin gargajiya da na itacen inabi bada shawarar a matalauta yashi ko loamy kasa; a kan matsakaici-m - bayan shekara guda, kuma a kan tsoffin makircin - bayan shekara biyu.

Kimanin allurai takin da ake amfani da shi ga daji: taki, takin ko feat peat - 8-10 kg, ammonium nitrate - 30-50 g, potassium chloride - 20-30 g, superphosphate -50-80 g.

Baya ga takin zamani, akan kasa mai kyau ana amfani da miya ta bazara tare da mafita takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Don shirya irin waɗannan mafita, an binne tanki ko ganga har zuwa rabi a cikin ƙasa, cike 1/4 ko 1/5 na tsayi tare da mullein, digowar tsuntsaye ko slurry, an zuba, yana motsawa da ruwa. Har ila yau, maganin da aka shirya shine an lalata shi da ruwa: mullein - sau 4-5, tsinkayen tsuntsu - sau 10-12, slurry - sau 6-8. Ana amfani da takin ƙasa tare da guga a cikin huhun da ke tsakanin bushes. Za'a iya amfani da takin ma'adinai don miya miya kai tsaye bayan narkewa cikin ruwa ko a cikin ruwa sama, a cikin bushe bushe, watsar da tsagi.

Ana aiwatar da riguna na fari na farko bayan fure. Wannan ya shafi ci gaban harbe da ovaries. Manyan miya bayan girbi yana taimakawa mafi kyawun shirya shuka don hunturu, kwanciya fure.

Gooseberries sun fi fama da fari fari fiye da sauran amfanin gona na Berry. Amma a cikin bushe yanayin, watering wajibi ne a lokacin lokaci daga cikin mafi girma girma na harbe da kuma ovaries, da kuma bayan girbi, hada da ruwa saman miya. Ka'idar ruwa shine kwandon ruwa 0.5-1 na ruwa kowane matashi daji (kowace rami). A cikin yankin girma fruiting bushes, watering ne da za'ayi tare da furrows tare da layuka. Bayan lokacin rani, ana amfani da buhunan ruwa -1-2 na buhu a kowane daji ko kuma a tare da furrows, ba tare da kirkirar ruwa ba.

Girma da gyaran fuska

Ana yin daskarewa da samuwar nau'ikan farko tare da babban damar samar da harbi a cikin shekaru 2-3. Daga cikin harbe basal da ke girma a farkon girma, 3-5 daga cikin mafi ci gaba an bar su; a shekara ta biyu sai adadinsu ya ninka. A farkon fruiting, daji yana da harbe-harbe 12-15 na canzawa da kuma rassan shekaru daban-daban, a mafi yawan shekaru - 20-25 rassan shekaru daban-daban. An kirkiro babban amfanin gona akan haɓakar shekarar bara da seedlingsan shekaru biyu da haihuwa, sabili da haka, an cire rassan da suka fi shekaru biyar girma. Bushes sun fi shekaru 10-12 lalacewa.

An ba da kulawa ta musamman don murkushewa na shekara-shekara da racing na tushen harbe don ƙirƙirar yalwar fruiting mafi girma a kan gefen daji.

Preparationasa shiri

Nasarar namo na gooseberries ya dogara da gabatarwar yau da kullun na takin gargajiya na Organo-mineral. Don yin takin, peat, ciyawa, firam na kayan lambu, ganye mai ganye, bambaro, tsohuwar bishiyoyi, allura an shimfiɗa su a cikin tari, sandwiched kowane 30-40 cm tare da takin ma'adinai. Takin Nitrogen - 400-500 g, superphosphate - 500-600, potassium - 350-400, ginin ƙasa har zuwa 400 g an warwatsa akan 1 m2 na takin ƙasa

A cikin yanayin bushe, kafada zubar da shebur saman. Don digging mai zurfi, ana bada shawara don ƙara kilogram 18-20 na takin gargajiya na Organo zuwa yankin da aka ba kowace shuka (1.5 X 1.5 m ko 1.0 X 1.5 m). Fresh taki ko zuriyar dabbobi kafin dasa shuki ba a gabatar don kauce wa tushen ƙonewa. Idan takin bai shirya ba, to ana amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai ga kowane rami na dasa (40 x 40 ko 40 x 60 cm): humus ko takin - 1.5-2 buckets, peat - buhu 2, superphosphate - 250-300 g, potash gishiri - 30-40, ash na itace - 300, farar ƙasa - 100-150 g .. Ana cakuda cakuda cakuda takaddun a hankali a kasan ramin kuma an rufe shi da saman ƙasa mai zurfin ƙasa.

Saukowa. Mafi kyawun saukowa shine rabi na biyu na Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Kafin dasa, Tushen an tsoma shi a cikin masara ta ƙasa, ana yanke rassan seedlings, suna barin harbe 3-4 tare da huɗu huɗu zuwa biyar a kowane. Tare da bata lokaci ba wajen dasa shuki ba, ana saka ciyawan da aka bushe cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 4-5. Lokacin dasa, Tushen cikin ramin yana daidaita, an rufe shi da ƙasa daga matattakala kuma ƙura ƙasa kusa da seedling. Ana buƙatar yin ruwa - 0.5-1 giyar ruwa. Ciyawa tare da cakuda ƙasa mai bushe, humus, peat ko sawdust mai kyau tare da layin 8-10 cm.

Kula bayan saukowa. Don adana danshi, ingantacciyar haɓakar ovaries, harbe da asalinsu, ƙasan da ke kewaye da bushes an kwance, weeded da mulched da peat, humus (10-12 kg a ƙarƙashin daji) ko takarda mulching. A cikin kaka, ana yin jerin gwano tare da filayen shinge zuwa zurfin 12-15 cm, kuma a cikin layuka da kusa bushes - 10-12 cm. Takin gargajiya (takin, ciyawar da ake juyawa) ana rufe su a cikin da'irar gangar jikin bushes ɗin da ke bada fruan itace. Ma'adinan ma'adinai (superphosphate, potassium gishiri, ash ash, dutsen ƙasa) sun warwatse a duk yankin da ke fama da gooseberries. A cikin ɓangaren girma bushes, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a ƙarƙashin daji kuma zuwa cikin tsagi tare da jere. A lokacin bazara, ana haƙa bututun ƙasa da ƙima (10-12 cm), yayin da ake amfani da takin ƙasa na nitrogen kamar yadda ya cancanta; cire tsaunin dutse; sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin 6 cm 6. A lokacin rani, ana yin loosening da weeding a cikin sau 3-4.

Shuke-shuken nau'ikan suna samar da shootsan ƙaramin harbe-harbe kuma daga baya suna haifar da fruita fruitan itace a cikin shekaru 5-6, tunda babban amfanin gona yana kan seedlingsan shekaru biyu da sauran fruitan itace na shekaru uku, rassan shekaru huɗu. A cikin irin waɗannan bushes, ya zama dole don haɓaka haɓakar harbe basal, barin 3-4 mafi ƙarfi a shekara, a hankali shirya don maye gurbin rassan da suka girmi shekaru 7-8 tare da rauni mai rauni ko ƙananan amfanin gona. Yaro ɗan itacen fruiting ya kamata ya sami rassa 2-3 na ɗaya, shekara bakwai, a cikin adadin rassa 20-25. Irin waɗannan bushes suna girma shekaru 10 ko fiye.

A lokacin da trimming guzberi iri, shi wajibi ne don: cire rauni muhimmi harbe, kazalika da fashe, da kwari da cututtuka, yanke rassan girma a cikin daji, kwance a ƙasa (m dace don haifuwa); yanke rassan daskarewa a cikin matsanancin hunturu zuwa ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi, kuma tushen harbe zuwa rayayyun buds.

Ana yin daskararrun abubuwa a farkon bazara (kafin ganye suyi fure) ko a cikin kaka bayan faɗuwar ganye. Anti-tsufa pruning ne da za'ayi a kan tsohon bushes na da iri iri ko thickened shuke-shuke. Don yin wannan, cire 1/2 ko 2/3 na tsoffin rassan a cikin fall, yankan su a matakin ƙasa. A cikin bazara, don tayar da haɓakar matasa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya kuma an shayar da su sosai. Lokaci na gaba, an cire sauran tsoffin rassan kuma samuwar wani daji mai sake farawa.

Kiwo

Sake bugun gooseberries tare da kwance a kwance daga matasa bushes tare da karfi na shekara-shekara shi ne hanya mafi gama gari. A karkashin busheshen igiyar ciki, kasar gona tana kwance kuma tayi hadi da yawa tare da takin zamani na ma'adinin. Mafi tsayi harbe suna lankwasa cikin furrows tsakanin bushes da densely pinned tare da hooks a wurare da dama. Tare da haɓaka harbe a tsaye tare da tsawon 8-10 cm, an rufe su sau biyu cikin yanayin rigar. A lokacin bazara, ana shayar da shi sosai, mulched da humus ko peat. A cikin kaka, an yanke daskararrun harbe kuma an raba su da yawan sanya filayen. Za'a iya dasa yadudduka masu kyau sosai a cikin dindindin, kuma tare da tsarin tushen rauni mai rauni kuma ɗayan hagu ɗaya ya bar kakar wasa na biyu ko sanya shi a cikin gandun daji don haɓaka. Yankunan shimfiɗa don haɓaka ana shuka su ne a cikin furrows, suna haɗa ƙasa a jere bayan an ɓoye tushen da ƙasa. Tsarin dasa (20-25) X 60 cm tare da yin ƙasa har zuwa girman 8-10 cm. A farkon bazara, ana yin girki don 3-4, an ɗora, cire ƙasa, a cikin yanayin bushe ana shayar da su, mulched. Jinkirta tare da kwance ƙasa a cikin bazara na iya haifar da mutuwar farawa. A lokacin bazara, weeding, loosening, da fertilizing tare da ammonium nitrate a cikin rigar yanayi (30 g / m1) sun zama dole. Seedlingsan shekaru biyu na ofanyan growingan farkon shekaru masu girma tare da rassa uku ko huɗu 40-60 cm mai tsawo yana shiga fruiting shekara guda bayan dasa shuki a cikin dindindin.

Za'a iya samun kwance a kwance daga dukkan harbe wani karamin saurayi. A cikin bazara, a cikin sako-sako da takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji, tono ramuka, sanya harbe-tallacen shekara-shekara a cikinsu kuma cika ɓangaren tsakiya tare da tudun humus, barin ƙarshen ƙarshen sama da ƙasa. Bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, tsaunuka suna ta kwararowa. Daga kowane irin harbi, ana karɓar sabon bushes guda 1-2.

An samo layering tsaye daga tsoffin bushes. A cikin kaka, an sare daji, yana barin rassa ɗaya ko biyu. A cikin bazara, harbe masu fito suna rufe ƙasa mai dausayi, barin fiɗa da ƙara ƙasa yayin da suke girma. Ana cire Hilling gaba mai zuwa, shimfidar yadudduka masu kyau sun rabu.

San asalin Amurka-Turai, musamman nau'ikan: Smena, Kolobok, Eaglet, kyaftin na Arewa, ana iya yada shi ta hanyar jeri. A cikin kaka, an yanke madaidaitan lignified kuma sanya shi cikin yashi mai laushi don halittar kira. Ana ajiye su a can don watanni 1.5-2 a zazzabi na 2-3 ° C, to, an rufe su da furen huhu, sanya su cikin tarin dusar ƙanƙara kuma a adana su har sai lokacin bazara. A farkon bazara, ana shuka cuttings a cikin gidajen kora a ƙarƙashin gilashin ko kuma fim ɗin fim, suna barin ɗayan ko biyu buds.

Ganyen kore shine hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi inganci na yaduwa. Ku ciyar da shi a cikin gandun daji ko hotbeds tare da firam ɗin fim. An shirya ƙasa daga cakuda peat tare da yashi (1: 1) kuma an dage farawa tare da Layer na 10-15 cm. An girbe ganyen a lokacin lalacewar bunƙasa (Yuni), an yanke shi da wuka mai kaɗa ko reza 5-7 cm tsayi, ba tare da cire kwalliyar kwandon ba kuma ba gajeriyar ganye.

Don inganta tushen tushe, ana kula da ganyen tare da masu haɓaka haɓaka - heteroauxin ko indolylbutyric acid (IMA): 100-150 mg na heteroauxin ko 30-35 mg na IMC a 1 lita na ruwan zafin jiki na daki. Maganin an zuba shi cikin gilashin kwano ko wanka mai ɗorawa tare da Layer na 2-3 cm, an yanke ƙarshen iyakar a ciki tsawon awanni 8-12; har zuwa guda 700 ana shuka su zuwa 1 m2 na greenhouse; dasa zurfin 1.5-2 cm.

Tushen tushen yana aiki sosai a zafin jiki na 18 - 20 ° C. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya hau, ana fitar da shinkafa kuma an ɗan girgiza shi cikin yanayin zafi. Hanya mafi kyawu ta ruwa ita ce fesawa tare da bindiga mai hura wuta ko mai hura wuta. A wannan yanayin, substrate ba ya yin rigar sosai, iska tana zuwa Tushen, ganyayyaki koyaushe suna ƙarƙashin fim na bakin ciki na ruwa, kamar a cikin hazo. Ana yin zaren na bakin ciki har sai Tushen yaɗuwa ta bayyana.

Mafi kyawun ci gaba bayan tushen an sauƙaƙe ta hanyar miya ta sama tare da bayani na salts ma'adinai: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (1: 2: 1). A ƙarshen kakar, don ƙara zafin lokacin hunturu, an sake ciyar da su tare da mafita na wannan gishiri (1: 3: 3). Mayar da hankali da mafita shine 1%, yawan amfani a 10 m3 - 25 lita.

A cikin nau'ikan haɓakawa da sauri tare da ƙarfin harba mai ƙarfi, irin su kyaftin na Arewa, Shift, Kolobok, tushen tushen ya kai 100%, haɓakar girma shine 28 cm 36. Rashanci, Yubileiny, Moscow Emerald, Orlyonok, Dankin nau'in plum a 76-88% , girma har zuwa 24 cm .. Weaker yana dasawa a cikin iri iri Rodnik, Pink 2 - 50-60%, girma 8-9 cm.Ranannin Turai Kwanan wata, kwalbar kore, farin farin, Venus ba'a bada shawarar yaduwa ta hanyar kore ba.

Kariyar sanyi. Ban ruwa bayan tsakar dare wata hanya ce mai kyau don kare kai daga dusar ƙanƙara. Hayaki ta amfani da hular wuta da aka yi da ciyawa, tsofaffin ganye, tarkace ta tashi zazzabi ta 1C. Idan akwai bushesan bushes, ana iya rufe su da filastik kunu ko takarda.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:

• I.V. Popova - Guzberi.