Yadda ake shuka karas mai kyau a cikin ƙasar

Babu wani tunanin mutum da za a yi tunanin ba tare da crests na cirrus ganyen karas a kan gadaje. Wannan shi ne ɗayan tushen mashahurin amfanin gona. Amma ko da gogaggen lambu wani lokacin ba zai iya samun amfanin gona ba har ma da manyan karas, namo da kulawa wanda, ga alama, an daɗe da sanin shi. Mene ne Sanadin gazawa, da kuma yadda ake shuka karas mai kyau?

Zabi wani shafi na karas

Yadda ake girma karas a cikin ƙasa bude? Mashahurin amfanin gona mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar kulawa ba kawai lokacin girma ba, kula da amfanin gona yana farawa da zaɓi na wurin. Karas, kamar dukkan albarkatun gona, suna da matukar bukatar yanayi, musamman a yankin da gadaje ya karye.

Idan a cikin kaka mummuna ne, ba a sami ci gaba ba, aka girbe shi ko kuma dasa tushen albarkatun ƙasa daga ƙasa, to ana iya samun dalilai da yawa:

amfani da takin zamani mai dauke da sinadarin chlorine na amfanin gona;
deoxidation na bazara;
mara kyau tono ƙasa na gadaje, haka kuma Clods, duwatsu da manyan abubuwan da suka rage sun rage a cikin ƙasa;
rashin hasken wuta;
matsanancin bushe ƙasa ko kuma matsanancin ruwa na karas;
takin mai magani na nitrogen;
m weeding ko thickened landings.

Haka kuma, dalilai da yawa suna mummunan tasiri kan bayyanar albarkatun gona da dandano. Sabili da haka, an zaɓi yankin don karas musamman a hankali. Don samun karas masu inganci, da dasa shuki da kula da shi ba a banza:

kasar gona ta zama mai haske, sako-sako da m;
tsire-tsire bai kamata ya rasa haske ba;
shiri don shuka yana farawa ne a cikin bazara.

Ana shirya kasar gona don karas

Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, ana haƙa ƙasa a hankali, an cire tushen da duwatsu. Idan ya cancanta, yin gari dolomite, lemun tsami, hadaddun tukunyar potash da phosphorus. A lokacin bazara, yankin karas yana sake sake haduwa kuma ya yadu sosai.

Sau da yawa, lambu, raba abubuwan da suke ji game da yadda ake shuka karas a cikin ƙasa, ana ba da shawara don kula da jujjuyawar amfanin gona. Yana da kyau idan zucchini ko kabewa, lemo, albasa, dankali ko wasu abubuwan karin ruwan sha a lambun kafin karas. Idan kakar ta ƙarshe, karas, faski ko seleri sun riga sun girma akan shafin, to wannan shekara yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya raguwa, kuma albarkatu na iya kamuwa da cututtukan karas ko kwari. Kuna iya dawo da dasawar karas zuwa asalin sa kawai bayan shekara hudu.

Zamanin dasa karas

Babu ƙasa da mahimmanci fiye da zaɓin wurin saukowa, kuma suna da lokacin shuka. Ana son girma karas da kyau a farkon lokaci-lokaci, mazauna bazara suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da juriya na shuka:

Tsaba sun fara shuka tuni a + 3 ° C.
Harbi ba ya tsoron sanyi zuwa -2 ° C.
Tsirrai masu ingantaccen yanayi sun jure sanyi zuwa -4 ° C.
Mafi kyawun tsarin zazzabi yana da yawa daga 18-24 ° C.
A yanayin zafi sama da +25 ° C, ciyawar karas tana raguwa.

Kuma ko da yake dawowar sanyi yana cutar da ɓarnar tushen tushen amfanin gona, wannan ba ya hana lambu daga gudanarwa, idan sauyin yanayi ya ba da damar, hunturu ko tsiro na bazara na karas don girbi na farko. Don irin waɗannan albarkatu, an zaɓi karas da wuri.

Shuka da kuma kula da tushen amfanin gona da aka yi niyya don ajiyar ana aiwatar da su ne bayan kafa zazzabi na yau da kullun kimanin 15 ° C.

Karas dasa da kula da seedling

'Ya'yan tsaba masu inganci ne kawai, a rarrabe a hankali kuma an keɓance su, na iya samar da girbi mai yawa. Kuma don sauƙaƙe seeding, mazaunan rani masu goguwa suna ba da dabaru masu sauƙi.

Karas tsaba:

a daidai gwargwado hade da bushe bushe yashi;
toara a cikin tsaba na saurin shuka hatsi, alal misali, letas ko radish, don lura da shuka kamar da wuri-wuri kuma a gudanar da farayar farawa;
gauraye da gari ko manna sitaci, wanda aka zuba cikin tsararren da aka shirya cikin rafi;
tsaya a kan kunkuntun kaset na takarda.

Wadannan matakan, har ma da dragee tsaba, suna sauƙaƙa dasa karas, haɓaka da ci gaba da dasawa, saboda bakin ciki da weeding ya zama mara nauyi.

Kafin yin shuka, an kwance gadaje zuwa zurfin bayoneti, an leveled kuma, bayan 25 cm daga juna, an shirya furrow moistened 2 cm mai zurfi. Lokacin da aka shuka karas, an rufe furrows tare da cakuda yashi tare da peat ko ƙasa mai kwance, kuma an rufe filayen tare da fim ba tare da yin ruwa ba.

Fim:

ba zai ba da izinin danshi don kwashe abubuwan da kuke buƙata ba;
hana kai hari kan kwari na kwari mai hatsari;
ba zai bada izinin ɓawon burodi a kan saman ƙasa ba;
haɓaka, wanda yake da mahimmanci tare da shuka da wuri, zazzabi ƙasa da hanzarta shuka.

Ana cire fim din bayan fitowar karas, namo da kulawa wanda yanzu ya ƙunshi loosening na yau da kullun na ƙasa, shayarwa da kuma kulawa da gadaje.

Kulawa

Amsar tambaya: "Yadda za a shuka karas a cikin ƙasa ta tudu?", Ba dole ba ne, kwararru su tsaya a kan buƙatar fitar da ƙananan ƙwayar. Amma mazaunin rani, wani lokacin, yana da matukar wuya a raba tare da ganye kawai na fure. A sakamakon haka, adadin karas da aka girma yana da yawa, amma ingancinsa ba su faranta wa mazauna bazara gaba ɗaya ba.

Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, ya wajaba don karya seedlings a cikin yanayin da ya dace:

Lokacin da biyu na gaskiya na ganye ya bayyana a kan tsire-tsire, an sanya karas a cikin bakin ciki na farko, barin rata na 3 cm.
Tare da nau'i biyu na ganye, ana sake cire ƙarin seedlings, suna yin matakan ramuka.

Thinning an za'ayi ne bayan an yi ruwa a maraice, domin rana ba ta cutar da 'ya' ya 'yan' '' '' '' '' ', kuma kamshin kayan kore ba ya jan hankalin karar kwari. Cire shuke-shuke ja a hankali ba tare da loosening a cikin ƙasa.

Ɓawon burodi a saman gadina na iya zama cikas ga haɓakar kyawawan karas Bayan ban ruwa, ana rushe shi a kai a kai, yana kwance ƙasa sosai, ko an rufe ƙasa da ciyawa. Don haka ɓangaren ɓangaren tushen amfanin gona yana girma da haɓaka sama da matakin ƙasa ba ya juya kore, ana kara karas daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.

Watering da ciyar da karas

Tsawon lokacin ciyayi a cikin karas shine watanni 4-5. A cikin farkon rabin lokacin, shuka yana gina mai yawa greenery, yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, sannan ya fara haɓaka amfanin gona, wanda ke rikitarwa game da lalata ruwa.

Ana buƙatar kimanin lita 4 na ruwa sau uku a mako a kowace mita na tsirrai matasa.
Yayin da karas ke girma, har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin girma, yawan ruwa yana ƙaruwa.
Bayan watanni biyu, ana shayar da karas sau ɗaya a mako, ta amfani da lita 8 a kowace murabba'in murabba'i.

Tunanin yadda ake girma karas mai kyau, dole ne mu manta game da kare tsirrai daga kwari. Hakanan mahimmanci shine rigakafin cututtukan karas, wanda zai iya yin tasiri sosai ga amfanin amfanin gona da adana shi.