Acidanthera (Acidanthera) - Wannan herbaceous perennial memba ne na dangin Iris. Sunan Acidanthera ya samo asali ne daga kalmomin Helenanci 2, waɗanda aka fassara su "kaifi" da "fure", wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsarin wannan tsiron ya nuna lobes. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu game da nau'ikan 40 daban-daban, wanda a cikin yanayi na dabi'a za a iya samu a cikin mayukan Afirka. Mafi mashahuri a cikin lambu shine launuka biyu na launi-acidanthera, ko acidanthera Muriel, ko gladiolus Muriel, ko Fennel Muriel, ko gladiolus flowered, ko m gladiolus: namo wannan tsiron na lambu ya fara ne a shekara ta 1886, yayin da a baya an ware shi a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen halittar. Zuwa yau, wannan nau'in wakilin halitta ne na Gladiolus, da kuma tsaran-tsiran daji na acidanthera, suma yanzu ana kiransu gladioli. Amma don kauce wa rikice-rikice, the gladiolus Muriel, a cikin wallafe-wallafen har ma a tsakanin lambu, har yanzu ana kiranta acidanthera.
Siffofin Acidanters
Acidatera Muriel shine perennial wanda ya kai tsayi na 1.2 m. Roauka tsintsaye, fentin farar fata, ya kai mm 30 a duk faɗin, an rufe su da ƙaƙƙarfan launuka masu launi. A cikin ɓangare na sama, ana iya yin harbe harbe ko mai sauƙi. Tsawon ruwan wukake na ganye kore yakai cm 50; suna da layi ko kuma siffar xiphoid. Splo-dimbin yawa inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni 3-10 na launin fari-cream, wanda a cikin diamita ya kai santimita 5-12. Furanni suna da wari mai daɗi mai daɗi wanda ke da kyau ga ƙudan zuma, suna da dogon tuwo, da kuma filayen 6 masu nuna alama, waɗanda suke kusa da gindi kuma suna canza launinsu zuwa rasberi mai duhu, shuɗi mai duhu ko kusan baki. An lura da ruwa a watan Agusta-Satumba. Bayyanar furanni yana faruwa daban-daban daga tushe zuwa sama, a wannan batun, tsawon lokacin da kowane fure yake iya kaiwa har zuwa makwanni hudu. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne na elongated, a ciki wanda akwai ƙwaya.
Acidanthera dasa a bude ƙasa
Wani lokaci don shuka
Tun da tsire-tsire masu zafi na acidanthera suna thermophilic, ana shuka shi a ƙarshen bazara (daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Mayu), bayan ƙasa ta yi ɗumi. Don dasa, zaɓi yanki mai cike da hasken wuta. Idan an yi girma a cikin yankin mai doguwar yanayin bazara mai sanyin gaske, sannan domin acidantra ya yi fure a yanayin da ya dace, yakamata a dasa ƙwayoyin don distillation a watan Mayu. Aauki tukunya, wanda a cikin diamita ya kai daga 12 zuwa 15 santimita, yakamata a cika shi da cakuda ƙasa mai cakuda. An dasa kwararan fitila 3-6 a ciki zuwa zurfin 40 zuwa 50 mm. Sa'an nan kuma an tsabtace tukunya a kan taga mai amfani da hasken wuta ko a cikin greenhouse. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu, furanni suna buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude. Daga waɗannan corms da suka girma, ana samun bushes mai ƙarfi, waɗanda ke bambanta su da fure mai tsayi.
Dokokin saukarwa
A tsakiyar latitude, har ma a cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi, acidants suna sauka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Wurin da ke da ƙasa mai gina jiki na ɗan acidic dole ne a shirya shi a gaba, don wannan an haƙa shi, ana sanya takin mai magani (humus ko takin), har da yashi don magudanar ruwa, idan ya cancanta. Don haka dole ne a zana saman shafin.
Kafin dasa shuki, corms dole ne a bi da su tare da raunin bayani na potassiumganganate, lokacin da suka bushe, ya kamata a sa su a shafin. An dasa fitila a cikin rukuni na 8-30 guda, ana binne su a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar santimita 8-10 (dangane da girman kayan dasa), yayin da nisa daga 1-20 santimita ya kamata a lura tsakanin su. Dasa kwararan fitila bukatar yawaita ruwa.
Kula da Acidanthera a cikin Lambuna
Kula da acidanthera a cikin lambu daidai yake da na kowane lambun fure. Tana buƙatar lokacin shayarwa, weeding da kwance ƙasa na ƙasa tsakanin bushes. Don rage yawan ciyawar da kuma ban ruwa, farfajiyar shafin yakamata a rufe shi da wani ciyawa, wanda kawai yakamata a yi amfani da kayan, misali: peat, ciyawa, ciyawar, sawdust ko humus. Don bushes ya zama mai ban sha'awa kuma mai tsabta koyaushe, furanni waɗanda suka fara lalacewa ya kamata a yanke su cikin lokaci.
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
Wannan al'adar na buƙatar tsari mai kyau da kuma matsakaici na ruwa, musamman idan an lura da yanayin zafi, mai danshi na dogon lokaci. Ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan fure baya jure wa fari da ragowar ruwan sha a cikin ƙasa. Idan an zuba shuka, to wannan na iya haifar da bayyanar rot ɗin akan tsarin tushe. A lokacin furanni, ya kamata a rage yawan shayarwa, amma ƙasa a yankin ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance ɗan danshi. A lokacin shayarwa, tabbatar da cewa magudanan ruwa ba su faɗi akan furanni da ganye ba, in ba haka ba ƙone na ƙonewa a saman su. Shayar da furanni tare da ruwa mai narkewa, wanda bai kamata yayi sanyi ba. Bayan da ruwan ya shafe shi gaba daya a cikin kasar, ya kamata a kwance farfajiyar sa, yayin da yake lalata dukkan ciyawa.
Wajibi ne a ciyar da wannan al'ada ta fure tare da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai wanda ake amfani da shi ga ƙasa. A lokacin kakar, ya kamata a ciyar da shi sau 2 ko sau 3. Lokaci na farko da ake ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin gargajiya, a karo na biyu - a lokacin haɓaka mai aiki da haɓaka taro mai tashi, ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen don ciyarwa, kuma jim kaɗan kafin fara buduwa, ya kamata a gabatar da hadaddun ƙwayoyin phosphorus-potassium a cikin ƙasa. Ana ciyar da Acidanterza, a matsayin mai mulkin, a lokaci guda tare da shayarwa. Bai kamata a ciyar da irin wannan tsiro tare da takin zamani na zamani ba.
Dasawa da lokacin hunturu
Idan a cikin yankin da ake shuka amfanin gona, a cikin hunturu yawan zafin jiki na iska ya sauka zuwa alamomin masara, to ya kamata a cire albasa daga ƙasa a faɗo, kuma a lokacin bazara dole ne a sake dasa su a buɗe.
Wani lokaci ne mafi kyawu don haƙa kwararan fitila? Bayan shuka ya bushe, dole ne a cire farjinsa, duk da haka, ƙananan faranti na ganye ya kamata ya kasance a kan daji har sai sanyi na farko. Bayan an kafa yanayin sanyi a kan titi, ana buƙatar yanke yanki na fure, kuma an cire tsararrun corms daga ƙasa don ajiya.
Yadda ake ajiye albasa? Bulbsan fitilar da aka haƙa suna buƙatar a bushe shi sosai, domin wannan ana adana su tsawon makonni 4 a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 20. Sa'an nan kuma, lalacewa ta hanyar juyawar sikelin, ana cire Tushen daga gare su, sannan kuma a gauraye su cikin maganin shirye-shiryen fungicidal kuma a bushe. Abubuwan dasa kayan da aka shirya don ajiya dole ne a ninka su a cikin jakunkuna ko a cikin kwali mai kwali tare da karkatarwa don samun iska mai kyau kyauta. Ana ajiye su a zazzabi na 15 zuwa 16 har zuwa farkon lokacin bazara. Idan ya zama mai sanyaya a cikin ɗakin, to, kwararan fitila za su shiga cikin hutawa, idan kuma ta yi zafi, to corms za su fara yin girki sosai fiye da yadda ake buƙata. An dasa fuka-fukai don distillation a cikin Maris, kuma idan yankin yana da yanayin sauƙin yanayi, to, a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu ana shuka su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude.
Acidanthera Sake haifuwa
Don yada irin wannan fure, ana amfani da tsaba, haka kuma corms da yara. Yadda ake yada shi tare da kwararan fitila an bayyana shi dalla-dalla a sama. Yawancin yara da yawa sun yi girma a kan corms. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa buɗe, suna buƙatar tsage duk yara da aka kafa waɗanda aka dasa a makarantu don haɓaka. Idan tsire-tsire suna ba da kulawa da ta dace, to wannan faɗuwar za su fara yin fure. Tsawon rayuwar kwan fitila kamar shekara 5 ne.
Haka ma, wannan abu ne mai sauki a shuka wannan shuka daga tsaba. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin hunturu don seedlings kamar koyaushe, amma ba sa buƙatar madaidaici. Cakuda ƙasa tana buƙatar m, kimanin abuncinta: peat, ƙasa lambun da yashi (1: 1: 1). Dole a saka akwati a cikin wurin in mun gwada da zafi (kimanin digiri 20). Dole ne yakamata a ɗanɗaɗa danshi a ɗanyun, domin wannan shine buƙatar rufe akwati tare da gilashin ko fim, kuma dole ne a share daskararren ƙasa cikin danshi daga gun da aka fesa. Amfanin gona yana buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullun, kuma dole ne a cire condensate daga tsari a cikin dace lokaci. Pickling na seedlings ne da za'ayi a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, a lõkacin da suka samar 2 real ganye faranti. Ana amfani da tukwane na ɗai ɗai don ɗauka, kuma yana da kyau idan suna peaty, a wannan yanayin, lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tushen sa ba zai buƙatar sake jin rauni ba. Seedlingsaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin acidants suna girma sosai cikin sauri, kuma a lokacin rani ana iya dasa shi akan gado na fure. A cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, farfajiyar farko ya kamata tayi girma.
Cutar da kwari
Kwan fitila, kwari, tufka da sikelin kwari na iya warware matsalar acid. Don hana bushes, ana bada shawara ga fesa bushes tare da ammonia ko mustard foda, waɗannan magungunan mutanan ba su da lahani ga mutane, dabbobi da tsirrai. Idan sikelin kwari ko aphids har yanzu suna zaune a kan bushes, to, su da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu ya kamata a fesa su da shirye-shiryen kwari. Ana amfani da Acaricides don kashe ticks. Idan tarkoki suka bayyana, to zasu buƙaci tattara su da hannu. Hakanan ana bada shawara don shimfida allunan allon da kwance a saman shafin, inda gastropods suke bautar da ɓoyewa daga zafin rana, kawai suna buƙatar tattarawa da lalata.
Acidanthera na iya kamuwa da cutar mildew, mosaics, root root da tsatsa. A cikin daji da Mosaic ya shafa, faranti ganye ya zama ya bambanta. Wannan cuta ba ta warkarwa, kuma dole ne a ƙone daji da abin da ya shafa. Ragowar waɗannan cututtukan sune fungal, ana amfani da fungicides don maganin su, alal misali, maganin Bordeaux na ruwa ko sulfate na jan karfe (1%). Don hana lalacewar shuka da shuka, ana buƙatar kulawa da ita yadda ya dace da duk ka'idodin aikin gona na al'ada, kuma ba ma manta da matakan kariya. Mafi yawan abubuwan sanadin ci gaban cututtukan fungal: malalewa mara kyau ko babu ko kaɗan, ingantaccen ruwa ko yalwar yawa, da kuma yawan adadin kwari.
Iri da nau'ikan acidants tare da hotuna da sunaye
Babban shahararren ra'ayi tsakanin lambu shine nau'in acidanthera mai launi biyu, cikakkun bayanai wanda za'a iya samo su a sama. Ya kamata kuma ku san cewa a tsakanin yan lambu, wani nau'in wannan nau'in, wanda ake kira acidifier na Tubergen, ya shahara sosai: yana da furanni da yawa fiye da manyan jinsuna. Sauran nau'ikan acidanthera (gladiolus) ba su cika nomawa:
Acidanthera na wurare masu zafi (Acidanthera aequinoctialis)
Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 1.3 m, faranti ganye-ruwa ne da yawa. Abun da ya shafi ka'idodin biyun ya hada da furanni 5 ko 6 na fararen launi, wanda ke da dogayen bututu da rasberi ko aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Akwai ɗauka cewa wannan nau'in halitta ce mai ɗumbin yanayin wurare masu zafi na acidanthera mai sautin biyu.
Acidanthera fari (Acidanthera candida)
Ana samo shi a cikin yanayi a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Afirka. Inflorescences fararen fata ne kuma masu kamshi sosai. Kara madaidaiciya karar itace.
Hakanan an san su da ire-irensu kamar su-gajeren tubular acidants, Cape, ciyawa, Fourcade, flowered, tubular, ruwan hoda-fari da falle-falle.
