Kowane lambu ya san cewa girma kowane shuka daga tsaba lamari ne da ke ɗaukar lokaci da wahala. Amma yaya abin farin ciki ne ka lura da wannan tsari tun daga farkonsa, lokacin da nunannun tsiran suka fara zama cikakke. Idan kana son samun sabbin dankali iri daban-daban, me zai hana kayi kokarin fitar da shi daga zuriya. Akwai babban yiwuwar samun sabon yanayin hangen nesa, thea'idodin waɗanda zasu sami kyawawan halaye. Ba zai zama abin tausayi ba lokaci mai yawa akan wannan darasi mai kayatarwa. Bari muyi kokarin fahimta daki daki game da dukkan tsiran dankali daga tsaba.
Menene ya ba da yaduwar dankali daga tsaba?
Mutane da yawa na iya yin tunani: me yasa zai rikita rayuwar ku idan ana sayar da 'ya'yan itace ko samfuran fitattun tubers a ko'ina kuma zaku iya amfani da su kamar yadda aka yi a baya. Menene amfanin yin amfani da iri?
- Rashin kuɗi. Da ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa tsaba za su kasance da yawa mai rahusa fiye da karamin-tubers na fitattu iri ko seedlings. Dankali don dasa shuki iri iri masu samar da inganci ba zai iya zama mai arha ba, tunda cire shi shine tsari mai tsayi. Bugu da kari, ba kowane ɗan lambu ba ne yake da ƙwarewa a cikin filin su iya sauƙin rarrabe samfurori na meristemic daga tubers na yau da kullun, kuma masu siyarwa masu gwaninta suna amfani da wannan da fasaha. Kuna iya haɗuwa da kayan kayan dasa kayan abinci masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, sau da yawa sama da yawa na haifuwarsa daga tsararru na farko.
- Tsaba suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan. Akwai bambanci, a inda zaku iya sanya bagsan jaka na tsaba ko ware duk dakin duhu mai sanyi don adana dankalin turawa? Haka kuma, rayuwar shiryayye na tsaba shi ne tsawon lokaci, wanda ba ya rage tasirin girma.
- Kowane lambu ya san cewa tsire-tsire girma daga tsaba koyaushe sun fi tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari fiye da waɗanda aka samo daga tubers masu shirya.
- Dankalin daji mai dankalin turawa daga zuriya zai samar da amfanin gona mafi kyau sama da guda daji, amma girma daga tarin fuka. Matsakaicin nauyin ɗayan irin dankalin turawa yana daga 80 zuwa 100 grams, ba a ma maganar cewa zai kasance iri-iri ne sabunta iri daban-daban.
- Bayan an shuka tsaba a sau ɗaya, har yanzu zaka iya samun girbi mai kyau na fitattun fitattun shekaru na wani shekaru 6, sannan ka zaɓi tubers don dasa shuki domin dasa shuki a cikin hanyar da ta saba. A karo na farko, ana samun karamin-tsiro daga tsaba, a shekara mai zuwa super-Elite an riga an sami ninki biyu, sannan kuma super-Elite iri-iri, a shekara ta hudun ita ce kawai mashahuri, kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, haifuwa, na farkon wanda har yanzu ya riƙe kyawawan halayen su.
Dankali irin namo da kulawar seedling
Girma dankali daga tsaba yana nufin samo masa seedlings. Babu wasu bambance-bambance na asali daga tsiro na wasu tsirrai, watau, kuna buƙatar haƙuri, yi daki a kan windowsill, shirya filastik filastik da yawa masu girma dabam don zana.
Lokaci don fara aiki tare da tsaba mafi yawanci ana zaɓa a ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Maris. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa. Ya kamata ya ƙunshi babban kayan abinci mai gina jiki kuma a lokaci guda ya zama mai numfashi da haske. Kuna iya haxa shi da kanka, kuna ɗaukar yanki na talakawa ƙasa da rago huɗu na peat. Ba zai zama superfluous don noma ƙasar don shuka tare da kowane magani wanda ke lalata spores na kwari ba, misali, trichodermin ko phytosporin. Wannan gwargwado yana da matukar dacewa da tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa, saboda yana da matukar damuwa ga cututtukan "baƙar fata". Akwai wata hanya don kauce wa cututtuka kafin ruwa, zaku iya shuka seedlings a cikin ciyawar rigar. Haka kuma, wannan hanyar tana karfafa tushenta da sauri.
Zai fi kyau a kiyaye zuriyarsu da kansu kafin a tono tsakanin yadudduka biyu na rigar, waɗanda suke cikin rufaffiyar akwati don hana ƙafewar ruwa. Idan masana'anta suna bushewa a kullun, kuma kwandon na cikin iska lokaci-lokaci, seedlings daga cikin tsaba zasu ƙyanƙyashe bayan kwanaki 5-7. Na gaba, dole ne a rarraba tsaba a ko'ina a farfajiyar wani dan karamin compacted da kasa mai zubar da ruwa kuma a zuba santimita na yashi a saman. Akwatin da murfin rufe yakamata a sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumin rana, a sanyaya mai kaɗa daga bindiga mai ba da iska da kuma sanyaya iska.
Da zaran sprouts sun bayyana, kula da su dole ne sosai. Dole ne a tuna cewa dankalin turawa masu tsire-tsire sune ɗayan mafi yawan moody. Ta zarce ainihin yadda take harda tumatir da tumatir. Don kada mai tushe ya shimfiɗa sosai, hasken yakamata ya zama da kyau, ana bada shawara har ma don haskaka seedlings akan ranakun ruwa. Tushen tushen tsiron yana tasowa a hankali, saboda haka yakamata ƙasa ta zama mai arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki, amma a lokaci guda, yakamata ƙasa ba ta kasance mai haɗa ruwa ba. Yakamata ya zama mai sako-sako don ba da izinin tushen yin numfashi.
Don haka, shayar da ciyawar da ya girma dole ne a yi shi a hankali, a bi da Epin, kuma a haɗa shi da shirye-shiryen ma'adinai masu haɗari kowane wata. Kuna iya nutsar da seedlings cikin kwantena daban don zurfin farkon ganye kwanaki 25 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa tare da yashi. Wannan lokacin yawanci yakan fadi ne a ƙarshen watan Afrilu, lokacinda yanayi yayi kyau ya rigaya ya kafa, don haka tukwane da tukwane za'a iya ɗaukar shuki a bayan baranda.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe tare da kula da gadaje
An ba da shawarar cewa seedlings daga tsaba su girma a farkon shekara a cikin gidan kore ko shinkafa, kuma kawai shekara mai zuwa ya kamata a dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe, amma ba kowa bane ke da yankin na cikin gida. A wannan yanayin, abu ne mai yiwuwa a yi da arke tare da spanbond. A cikin watan Mayu, bayan kafuwar yanayin daskararren yanayi, da yamma ko a ranar ruwa, zaku iya farawa ta hanyar shirya ramuka na shuka. Ya kamata su zama mai zurfi sosai, yafa masa ash da humus, da nutsuwa. Nisa tsakanin ramuka makwabta an fi dacewa a yi aƙalla 40 santimita, tare da tsammanin samun kyakkyawan amfanin gona na manyan dankali.
Shukewar motsi daga tsaba suna buƙatar dasa shi a kusassun dama kuma kamar yadda zai yiwu: kawai ganye na sama zasu zauna a farfajiya. Bayan haka, zauren firiji na bara ko ciyawa har yanzu ana amfani dashi kuma ana sanya shi ƙarƙashin arcs tare da kayan rufewa. Irin wannan karamin-greenhouse za'a iya cire kawai a tsawo na Yuni, don kar a sake sake yada kwayar cutar zuwa yanayin zafin jiki.
Bayan cire tsari a cikin bazara, zaku iya kula da gadaje tare da dankali a cikin hanyar da ta saba, spud ko ciyawa, ruwa. Abincin tsire-tsire zai iya iyakance zuwa sau biyu: makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin murfi, kuma kafin fure.
Yadda za a shuka dankali daga tsaba ba tare da seedlings ba
Wannan hanyar girma dankali daga tsaba ya dace da yankuna na Kudancin, inda a tsakiyar Mayu tuni an cika yanayin bazara. Matakan kula da dankalin turawa, a kan windowsill za'a iya wuce shi ta hanyar dasa shuki da aka shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin rijiyoyin da aka shirya. An yi su a daidai nesa da juna kamar yadda na seedlings, sanya akwai kamar wata tsaba ƙyanƙyashe kuma yafa masa yashi ko kwakwa substrate tare da Layer na rabin santimita. Ilasa cikin cikin ramuka zai buƙaci a ƙara yin ƙari gwargwadon yadda tsire-tsire za su yi girma. In ba haka ba, kula da su zai zama gama gari ga wannan al'ada. Hanyar da ba ta da yawa ba yawanci ba ta samar da babban amfani ba, amma an ɗora ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararraki zai zama kyakkyawan kayan kayan dasa don lokacin bazara na gaba na aikin gida.
