Mirabilis na fure mai tsire-tsire (Mirabilis) memba ne na iyali mai ƙima. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada halittar sama da 50. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun su a yankuna masu zafi da yanayin zafi, kuma sun fi yawa a Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka, amma akwai jinsi ɗaya da ya samo asali a Kudancin Asiya. Daga Latin, an fassara “mirabilis” a matsayin “mai ban mamaki”. Wannan nau'in mirabilis, kamar Yalapa, ana kiranta "kyakkyawa daddare", kuma ya sami babbar ƙauna daga lambu. Wadannan furanni masu sauki ne a kallo na farko, amma suna da kararrakin masu ban mamaki. A lokacin furanni na lambun mirabilis yana cike da ƙanshin musamman. An bambanta ta ta unpretentiousness da undemanding to girma yanayi. Sau da yawa, irin wannan shuka takan ba shinge mai matukar kyau wanda yake kama da haske da ban sha'awa.
Fasali na mirabilis (kyau daren)
Wurin haifuwa na nau'in mirabilis Yalapa shine Meziko. Wannan perennial yana da tushen kumburi mai tushe, an horar dashi azaman shuka shekara-shekara. Bushesaukan bushes suna da siffar elongated mai tsawo, kuma tsayinsa ya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.8 m. Daƙƙarfan lamuran da aka zana a tsaye ana fentin su a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ɓangaren su zai zama juzu'i akan lokaci. Labaran takaddun tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano mai tsayi suna da sifofin-ba dadewa kuma suna da launin kore. Corymbose m inflorescences inflorescences ya kunshi furanni masu kauri mai ban tsoro har zuwa santimita 2.5 a diamita, wanda za'a iya fentin su a cikin rasberi, lemo, shunayya, fari, shunayya, launin shuɗi, cike da ja, kuma akwai wasu launuka biyu ko uku. Furen yana buɗewa bayan sa'o'i 16, kuma suna rufe da asuba. Idan yanayin yayi hadari, to furannin mirabilis suna nan a buɗe a cikin kullun. A kan wannan daji na irin wannan shuka, furanni masu launuka daban-daban na iya yin fure. Misali, furanni daban-daban na launuka masu ruwan hoda (daga rasberi zuwa kifin kifi) na iya yin ado ɗaya daga cikin mirabilis, kuma hakan yana faruwa cewa launuka masu launuka masu launuka akan filayen. Babban fruita singlean singlea singlean da ke da ƙwayoyi suna da haƙarƙari da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tsaba ta zama mai yiwuwa har tsawon shekaru uku.
Girma mirabilis daga tsaba
Shuka shuka
Mirabilis na nau'in yalap za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar iri. Kafin a ci gaba da shuka iri, ya zama dole a basu haske, don wannan wajibi ne don cutar da ƙazanta mai yawa, ta amfani da sandpaper ko fayil. Zuba cikin thermos na ruwa mai ɗumi da zuba tsaba a can, ya kamata su kasance a wurin don sa'o'i 24. Ana shuka tsaba na dare mai kyau don seedlings daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Don yin wannan, ɗauki gilashin mutum, waɗanda ke cike da haske ɗan alkaline ko cakuda ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, zaku iya sayan sa a cikin kantin sayar da kayan kwalliya ko sanya kanku. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar haɗa takin (humus), peat, turfy ƙasa da wanke yashi (1: 2: 2: 0.5), sannan itace ash (5 lita na cakuda ash kofin ash) ko gari dolomite (5 l cakuda 2 manyan tablespoons na gari). Cika kofuna tare da cakuda ƙasa ¾ na ƙara, ba tare da manta su shirya shi da kyau ba. Sannan samar da shi da yalwa tare da maganin maganin kashe guba. A cikin 1 kofin, an shuka iri biyu, waɗanda aka rufe da ba su lokacin farin ciki (daga 10 zuwa 15 mm) Layer na sako-sako da substrate, to amfanin gona yana buƙatar shayar da shi daga bindigar da aka raba sosai.
Bayan haka an tsabtace amfanin gona a cikin hotbed, zafin jiki wanda ya kamata ya zama daga digiri 18 zuwa 20.
Shuka seedlings
Za'a iya ganin farkon seedlings bayan kwanaki 5 ko 6. Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, kar a manta don cire tsari da sake shirya kofuna a cikin wurin da aka kunna. Bayan shukar ta bayyana akan farantin ganye na gaske, zai zama tilas ga bakin bakin ta. Don yin wannan, a cikin kowane kofin tare da almakashi ya zama dole a datsa zuwa saman substrate na daga cikin seedlings da alama suna da mafi rauni, saboda haka ba zai iya tsoma baki tare da haɓaka da haɓakar shuka mai ƙarfi ba. A lokaci guda, ana buƙatar ciyar da seedlings a karo na farko, ta amfani da, alal misali, Fertica, rtaran Tako ko Gano.
Watering da seedlings wajibi ne kawai bayan dunƙule na duniya a cikin gilashin an bushe, kuma duk saboda ya reacts musamman barnatar da waterlogging na substrate. Bayan tsinken tsirrai ya kai santimita 10-15, za su bukaci a tura su cikin manyan tukwane kuma a ciyar da su a karo na biyu ta yin amfani da takin ma'adinai mai ma'ana. Bayan shuki ya dauki tushen sosai, zasu buƙaci fara taurara. Tsawon lokacin zaluntar tsire-tsire rabin wata ne, a wannan lokacin ne za a sami karbuwa ga yanayin waje. Don taurara seedlings, dole ne a canza shi yau da kullun zuwa sabo iska (zuwa baranda ko zuwa gonar), yayin da lokacin da aka kashe akan seedlings akan titi ya kamata a ƙara kaɗan, a ƙarshen tsire-tsire za su iya kasancewa a wurin har tsawon yini guda.
Shuka ƙwayoyin Mirabilis a cikin ƙasa bude
Shuka da tsaba na nocturnal kyau za a iya yi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Shirya tsaba don shuka kamar daidai lokacin da shuka shuka. Su saukowa ne da za'ayi a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu ko na farko - a watan Mayu. Yada tsaba a cikin tsarukan da aka shirya a baya, yayin kiyaye nesa daga santimita 7 zuwa 8 tsakanin su. Don tono tsaba a cikin ƙasa kuna buƙatar 30 mm kawai. Amfanin gona yana buƙatar yin ban ruwa da ruwa mai ɗumi, bayan haka an rufe filayen da fim ko kayan da ba saka ba. Lokacin da 'ya'yan fari na farko suka bayyana, ana buƙatar cire mafaka. Lokacin da furanni suka girma, zasu buƙaci a fitar da ƙanƙanun furannin.
Dasa mirabilis a buɗe ƙasa
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Shuka tsirowar mirabilis a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ya kamata a yi kawai bayan duniya ta warmed da kyau kuma ba za a sami barazanar daskarewa daskarewa ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya fadi a ƙarshen bazara. Irin wannan fure yana da zafi sosai, saboda haka kuna buƙatar zaɓar yankin da ya daɗaɗa-hasken rana don dasawa. Ka yi kokarin ware mafi yawa sarari ga wannan shuka ne sosai, in ba haka ba zai maye gurbin furanni kusa da shi, saboda yana da matukar m. Don girma wannan fure, ana bada shawara don zaɓar abincin loamy mai gina jiki ko ƙasa mai laushi, wanda ya ƙunshi lemun tsami. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce, to lallai ne ya zama yana iyakancewa. Dankin bai yarda da tururuwar ruwa ba a cikin ƙasa, a wannan batun, don dasa shi, ba za ku iya zaɓar ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa ba.
Siffar Saukowa
Ana shuka lingsan itace a jere, yayin tsakanin samfuran nesa mai zurfin 0.4-0.5 m ya kamata girman da zurfin ramin dasa yakamata ya zama cewa duk abubuwan da ke cikin tukunya (tsarin tushe da dunƙule na ƙasa) na iya dacewa da shi. Ruwa da seedlings 1-2 hours kafin dasa, wanda a cikin abin da za a iya cire shuke-shuke da sauri daga tanki da kuma dasa a cikin wani rami da bukatar a rufe ƙasa. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka suna buƙatar kyakkyawan shayarwa.
Kula da mirabilis a cikin lambu
Lokacin da aka girma a cikin lambu, ana bambanta kyakkyawa na dare ta yanayin rashin tausayi, don haka yana da sauƙi a kula da shi. Domin shuka ya yi fure a kan lokaci, yana bukatar wadataccen ruwa, wanda za'ayi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A cikin tsawon lokacin bushewa, kuna buƙatar shayar da irin waɗannan furanni daga 1 zuwa sau 3 a cikin kwanaki 7. A cikin lokacin bazara, wataƙila, ba za ku ruwa mirabilis da komai ba. Lokacin da aka shayar da shuka ko ruwan sama ya wuce, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sassauta farfajiyar ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda sako.
A lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar ciyar da kyakkyawa na dare sau 2 ko sau 3. Lokacin farko shine ciyar dashi a farkon farkon lokacin girma, na biyu - a tsakiyar bazara, da na uku - a kwanakin bazara na ƙarshe. An ba da shawarar don ciyar da mirabilis tare da takin da humus, yayin da yake mafi kyau kada ku ƙara sabo kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa. Hakanan don ciyar da amfani da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. Lura cewa a lokacin kashi na biyu da na uku suna amfani da ƙaramin adadin nitrogen.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Wannan fure mai matukar tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Amma a lokaci guda, idan ruwa zai tsari stagnate a cikin ƙasa, to inji zai iya inganta tushen rot. Ya kamata a cika daji da cutar da ya kamu da ƙonewa, yayin da yankin da ya girma ya kamata a zubar da maganin kashe ƙwari, alal misali, Fundazole. Don dalilan rigakafin, ya kamata a sake nazarin tsarin ban ruwa.
A cikin lokuta masu wuya, kyakkyawa na dare na iya samun tsatsa ko ɗayan aibobi. Za'a iya kawar da irin waɗannan cututtukan fungal tare da taimakon hanyoyin magance cututtukan fata, duk da haka, kafin a ci gaba da kula da samfurin samfuran da aka shafa, cire furanni masu fure da ganye daga shi.
Bayan fure
Idan ana so, a cikin bazara, zaku iya tono fitar da launin baƙar fata na kyakkyawa na dare wanda yayi kama da karas kuma ku yanke harbe-harbe a tsayin 10 cm. Lokacin da mai tushe ta bushe, zasu fadi kansu. Kunsa da tubers a lokacin farin ciki zanen gado, amma zai fi kyau a bar su a rufe da yashi. An adana su don ajiya a wurin da ake ajiye yawan zafin jiki na iska tsakanin digiri 3-7. A cikin bazara, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin za su buƙaci a dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai zafi, ko kuma za a iya tsiro su cikin tukwane na fure, a sanya ta taga, kuma bayan ta yi dumin a waje, ana dasa furannin cikin ƙasa.
Iri da nau'ikan mirabilis tare da hotuna da sunaye
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yawancin lambu suna shuka nau'in mirabilis na 1 - Yalapa, ko kyakkyawa na dare, ko mirabilis laxative. An bayyana wannan nau'in dalla-dalla a farkon labarin. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan kyakkyawa na dare:
- Iolanthe. Siffar daji rabin mil yana zagaye. Shootsarfi da kuma lokacin farin ciki na harbe-harben kishi a cikin sashin na sama ana ɗaukakkun su sosai. Furen fure mai kyalkyali masu matsakaici ne kuma suna cike da launuka masu launuka; sassanyau ana samasu a duk faɗin corolla. Flow yana daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni zuwa ga tsananin sanyi.
- Red lollipop. Babban daji ya kai mita 0.9. Kyau mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi a cikin ɓangaren sama ana fentin su a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi. M farantin takardu masu launuka masu kyau a gefen gefen wav. Zurfin diamita na fure mai ratsa jiki mai launin shuɗi ya kai kimanin santimita 6.
- Elvira. M daji ne mai matsakaici a cikin girma. Buga mai laushi mai laushi suna da daɗewa. Takaddun faranti masu launin ganye tare da tafin hannun suna fentin koren duhu. Diamita na cikakken launi na furanni shine 3.5 cm.
- Ti Lokaci Ja. Girman tsire-tsire yana da matsakaici. Knotty santsi harbe a cikin babba ɓangare karfi branched. Takaddun faranti masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗuwa madaidaici ne. Furanni masu matsakaici-ana fentin ruwan hoda mai haske.
- Ti Lokaci Fyomula Mixche. Siffar daji lafiyayyen fata ne, ya kai tsayin 0.7-0.9 m. Fararen fararen ganye mai fiɗa tare da fiɗa suna da siffofi masu kama da juna. Buga mai santsi harbe a kasan danda. A cikin wannan jerin zangon, furanni masu kauri mai santsi tare da wavy gefen, launinsu ya banbanta, kuma a diamita sun kai 2.5 cm.
Hakanan ana horar da Mirabilis multiflorum. Wannan ciyawar da take tsirowa ba ta kai 0.8 a tsayi ba. Farantin ganye mai laushi mai laushi yana da siffa mai kama-da-elongated. Flowering fara a watan Mayu, axillary inflorescences an kafa, wanda ya hada da 2 to 6 tubular purple furanni da suke a cikin kararrawa-dimbin yawa bedspread. Diamita na furanni shine santimita 4-6.
Rotundifolia mirabilis har yanzu yana haɓaka. Tsawon karamin daji yakai kimanin 0.3 m. Tumbin farantin ganye mai laushi a tsawonsu ya kai daga santimita 5 zuwa 7. A cikin babban murfin apical inflorescence, game da furanni 3 na launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, an kafa diamita wanda bai wuce 10 mm ba. Furanni fure da yamma, kuma suna rufe da asuba.
