Dukansu sunan Russia don saxifrage shuka da kuma sunan Latin SAXIFRAGA (saxum - dutsen da fragere - hutu, hutu) a zahiri suna magana ne game da mahimmin mahimmancin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu sauƙi da sauƙi. A mafi yawan lokuta sukan zauna a cikin duwatsu, kamar dai su fashe; daban, mutane suna kiran sa-ciyawar ciyawar-ciyawa.
Waɗannan sune mahimman perennials rhizome, wani lokacin bi-biennials ɗaya. A cikin halittar - game da nau'ikan 400 da ke tsiro a cikin tsaunukan ƙasashe na Afirka, a Tsakiyar Amurka, Eurasia.
Bayanin nau'in Saxifraga
Saxifrages Saukowa
Ciyawar saxifrage tana da tsayi cm 5 zuwa 70. Yawancin lokaci ana tattara ganyayyaki cikin kayan Rosal. Akwai fata mai laushi da fata, yawancin lokuta suna zagaye, wani lokacin - sun kasu gida biyu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ana fitar da lemun tsami daga gare su yayin tsarin rayuwa, wanda ke ba tukwicin ganyen inuwa ta “kayan ƙarfe launin toka”.
Furen Saxifrage yana kama da ƙananan taurari - fari, rawaya, ruwan hoda, shunayya, ja. Koyaushe tare da petals biyar. Blossom a watan Mayu-Agusta. Tsarin kwari da kwari, amma kuma pollination na iya faruwa.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Akwai saxifrages da yawa a cikin iyali, duk iri ɗaya ne cikin kulawa: wasu soasa mai gina jiki mai ƙauna, wasu, akasin haka, suna haɓaka mafi kyau akan matalauta, wasu ya kamata a shayar da su sau da yawa, wasu ya kamata a dasa su a cikin inuwa m, kuma ba a rana ba. Yayi dace da nerd ya haɗu da ƙarin sassan kama, waɗanda daga cikinsu akwai masu yawa fiye da dozin. Kuma su, bi da bi, sun haɗa da ƙaramin yanki, ɓangarori, ƙaramin yanki, layuka. Tsire-tsire na kowane sabon sashi yana da wasu sifofi na musamman.
Misali, saxifrages daga sashin Porphyrion yana halin kyawawan nau'ikan ruwan ganye, compactness da yawa na bushes, da manyan filaye, da launuka iri-iri. Masu shayarwa na yamma suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsirrai daga wannan sashin.
Zamu ambaci mahimman mahimman bayanai game da rarraba saxifrage cikin sassan.
Biyan kuɗi Saxifraga
- Ana iya sanya shi Pontic saxifrage (Saxifraga pontica). Asali daga Caucasus. Perennial. Itace tsiro zuwa cikin labule mai yawa.
- Musky saxifrage (Saxifraga moschata = S. exarata ssp. Moschata). Asalinsu daga kasashen Bahar Rum, yankin Balkan da kuma Caucasus. Kananan bushes (kimanin 1 cm a diamita) hada da samar da sosai m thickets. Bar hunturu da kyau a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Tun da yake a cikin yanayin da take ciki, ta zabi ciyayi da gangara mai kwari, za ta ji daɗin al'adu a kan tsaunukan dutse da nunin faifai.
- K. granular (Saxifraga granulata) tare da kyawawan furanni masu launin shuɗi-kyawawa mai ban sha'awa saboda yana samar da nodules a cikin yankin gasa. Suna yawan yada wannan saxifrage. An samo shi a kan dutse mai faɗi na Northernasashen Yamma da Tsakiyar Turai, a yammacin Polesie.
- Saxifraga turfy (Saxifraga caespitosa) - perenni har zuwa 20 cm tsayi. Yawancin 'Findeing' yana da kyau sosai, tare da furanni yana kama da abin da aka gani a sama - saxifrage yana da haɓaka, amma tare da furanni kawai, babu 'ya'yan itace a cikin saxifrage. Kuma furanni, ban da fararen fata, na iya samun launuka biyu masu launin ja da ruwan hoda. Su ƙananan ne - kimanin 1 cm a diamita, fure a watan Mayu-Yuni.
- Arends Saxifraga (Saxifraga x arendsii = Arendsii-hibridae) watakila shine mafi yawan abubuwan daidaito da aka sanya wa wannan sashe.
Wadannan hybrids din akan siyarwa ana yawan gabatar dasu bisa kuskure irinsu nau'in sabasrage sodas. Suna zuwa cm 10-20 cm.Duk ganye suna fitowa da siffofi daban-daban, jaket suna da yawa. Furannin launuka daban-daban - fari, rawaya, ruwan hoda, ja.
Yarjejeniya ta Gymnopera
Saxifrage dasa da kulawa
Waɗannan masu tsaron ƙasa ne tare da jaket masu ban sha'awa, babba da ganyayyaki masu kauri, na musamman don inuwa mai ɗan inuwa. Wani yanayin don ingantaccen namo shi ne ƙasa mai laushi da iska.
- Saififrage mai inuwa ne (Saxifraga x urbium). Takardun ganye suna da fadi, suka dan zagaye, tafi kore karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, furanni fari da ruwan hoda. Yana son inuwa mai ruwa, iska mai laushi da ƙasa, aikace-aikacen humus na shekara-shekara kawai zai amfana. Yana da mahimmanci a sako ciyawar kwalliya akai-akai, ciyawar da ta bushe shi nan take, zai iya fada saboda wannan.
- Saxifraga mai-gashi mai kauri (Saxifraga hirsuta). Yana fitar da sako-sako da ganye safa, tsiro da kyau a cikin mai kauri. A cikin fari, zai iya mutu. Yafi son zaunawa a wurare masu duhu. Furanni furanni da aka tara cikin fulawa ya bayyana a watan Yuni. Yana da sanyi sosai: ba tare da tsari da murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba, yana jin tsoron frosts kawai a ƙasa - digiri 35. Sunan yana da alaƙa da halayyar halayyar: duka ganye da ƙananan furanni a ƙasa suna rufe da gajeren gashi.
- Siffar-qaabiyar daidaituwa (Saxifraga cuneifolia) ta sauko cikin lambunanmu daga duwatsun Kudancin da Tsakiyar Turai. Tare tare da furen, tsawo na daji shine 15-25 cm. Ganyayyaki masu launin fata masu launin kore suna shiga kore karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma ganye guda ɗaya a ƙarƙashinsa a lokacin bazara. Blooms tare da fararen furanni a watan Yuni-Yuli.
- Saxifrage spatularis (Saxifraga spathularis). An kafa Rosettes a nesa daga juna, fure a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni. Perennial tsayayya har zuwa - 15 digiri. Tsaran hunturu. A cikin yanayin yanayi za'a iya samun su a cikin kasashen Turai.
Tallafin Porphyrion
Saxifrage dasa dasawa
- Saxifraga versicolor (S. Oppositifolia). Asali daga tsaunin tsaunin arewa da sashen Arctic na Turai da Asiya, China, Mongolia, Arewacin Amurka. Yana jurewa har zuwa -38 digiri. sanyi. A Yuni-Yuli shi blooms tare da m-m furanni. Very m zuwa gaban alli a cikin ƙasa. K. yaduwa ta hanyar raguwar rarrabuwa da rarrabuwa mai rarrabuwa.
- Sahararran Saukeraach (Saxifraga grisebachii = S. federici-augusti ssp. Grisebachii). A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ana iya samun shi a yankuna masu tsaunuka (galibi akan dutse) na ƙasashen yankin Balkan. Furanni sune ƙananan shunayya, ganye suna da ban mamaki a launi - tare da ƙyalli mai haske. Babban abin kallo! Ba za ku iya dasa a cikin rana mai haske ba, kawai - a cikin inuwa m.
- Juniper saxifrage (Saxifraga juniperifolia). Sunan yayi magana don kansa. Form - creeping, fure mai rawaya furanni a watan Mayu. Yana son rana ko inuwa m. Gida na - da duwatsun Caucasus.
- Saxifraga na Dinnik (Saxifraga dinnikii) wani tsararren ganye ne tare da ganye mai launin shuɗi-furanni da furanni masu launin shuɗi-furanni masu fure a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu. Al'adar tana da rikitarwa. A yanayi, ana samunsa ne kawai a wasu wurare na dutsen Caucasus.
- Shahararren Saxifraga (Saxifraga x apiculata) an buge shi musamman don inganta yanayin al'adu. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, yana shafar yalwar fure, geran ganye - har zuwa 5-10 cm a tsayi. Ya fi son girma a kan turɓayar ƙasa (a cikin dunƙule, tsakanin duwatsu), hasken rana ba ya taka rawa sosai: yana iya haɓaka da kyau a cikin inuwa m da kuma hasken rana. Ba tsoron tsoran fari. Yakan haɗu da kyau ta hanyar rarraba daji da zuriya.
- Sisolistic saxifraga, ko cesium (S. Caesia) ɗan ƙasa ne na duwatsun dutsen Carpathian (a cikin yankin Alpine da subalpine). Leafan karamin ganye, mai siffar awl. Yana fure a cikin Yuli-Agusta tare da farin furanni. Abu ne mai matukar wahala a kula, ba a bada shawara ba ga masu fararen lambu.
Biyan kuɗi Ligulatae
Saxifraga dasa da hoto mai kulawa
- Saxifraga longifolia (Saxifraga longifolia Lapeyr) tana fitowa daga duwatsun Pyrenees. Ofayan ɗayan mafi daidaituwa - har zuwa 60 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore, furanni fari ne, tare da cibiyar shunayya. Yana blooms a watan Yuni da Yuli. An gabatar da shi cikin al'ada daga ƙarshen karni na 17.
- Saxifrage colearis (Saxifraga cochlearis). Perennial, forming m launin toka-azurfa-matashin kai matasan kai. Furanni a cikin Mayu-Yuli tare da fararen furanni a kan shinge masu launin shuɗi.
- Ana samun Saxifraga cotyledon, ko bogweed (Saxifraga cotyledon) Ana samun wuraren zama na halitta a cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia, a Kudancin Yankin da kuma Tsarin Pyrenees na Tsakiya. Openwork inflorescences ya bayyana a watan Yuni akan farfajiyar har zuwa santimita 60. Ita ce kaɗai daga dukkan daidaifrages da ke fifita ƙasa acidic. Maganin hana daukar ciki yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da andya daughterya mata. An sake komawa cikin lambun daga rabi na biyu na karni na 17. Wani lokacin ana girma kamar al'adun tukunya akan windowsill.
- Saxifrage yana tsoro, in ba haka ba - yana da ƙarfi, ko madawwami ne (Saxifraga paniculata Mill. = S. aizoon Jacq). Har zuwa 4-8 cm tsayi .. Furanni masu launin fari-rawaya. Ya Yana son yalwar alli a cikin ƙasa, yawan shayarwa. A lokacin bazara, ana iya yada shi ta hanyar rarraba rhizomes.
Biyan kuɗi Micranthes
Saxifrage namo
- Saxifraga Pencilfish (Saxifraga pennsytvanica). Asalinsu daga Arewacin Amurka ne, inda ake samunsa a cikin ciyayi mai narkewa. Ba ya yin katutu da yawa Yana blooms a Yuli. Furanni masu launin kore.
- Saxifrage shaho-leaved (Saxifraga hieracifolia). Ana samo shi a cikin Carpathians da Alps. Furanni masu launin ja ko kore. A tsayi, kowane tsire-tsire yana da peculiar - akwai kuma 5 cm tsayi, kuma akwai 50 cm! Dasa a cikin matakan taya suna da ban sha'awa: tsire-tsire mafi tsayi akan ƙananan. Propagate subspecies shaho-leaved tsaba.
- Manchurian saxifrage (Saxifraga manshuriensis). Wani bako daga yankin Primorsky yana girma a can cikin gandunan kwarin. Flowering - a watan Yuli-Agusta. Propagated da tsaba.
Saxifraga dasa da kulawa a cikin filin budewa
Shuka
- Yawancin saxifrages sun fi son girma a wurare masu cike da inuwa. Rana mai haske don mafi yawansu ba su yarda da su ba.
- Ruwa yana da mahimmanci a ko'ina. Wasu nau'in na iya fadowa ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin lokacin yin ruwa ba a lokacin ko da aƙataccen fari.
- Don yin "mat" duba mai laushi, kuna buƙatar tsaftace shi koyaushe daga farfajiyar da aka fadace.
- Saxifrage ana hadi dashi tare da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. Ba ta yarda da kwayoyin. Haka ma, wannan yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa overfed shuka hibernates talauci kuma ya zama m zuwa mutane da yawa kwari da cututtuka, musamman fungi.
- A yawancin nau'ikan hardif hunturu mai tsananin gaske yana da girma sosai. Koyaya, a tsakiyar layi, tare da wanda ba a iya tsammani ba, sau da yawa dusar ƙanƙara, winters, ɓangaren sashi na shuka har yanzu ya fi kyau a yanka, kuma rhizome ya kamata a rufe shi da wani yanki na faduwa ko ciyawa tare da ciyawar lambu. Leaf humus a cikin bazara dole ne a cire.
Saxifrage namowa daga tsirrai da rarrabuwa, itace
Sayen saxifrage a cikin ƙasa
Yadda ake shuka saxifrage daga tsaba. Sown kafin hunturu, tun lokacin da yawancin nau'in halitta suna buƙatar ɓarke (daskarewa) na tsaba daga makonni 2 zuwa watanni 2. Idan baku tabbatar ko ya zama dole ga zuriyayen ku ba, kada kuji kunyar su: lalle tabbas ba zai iya lalata germin ba. An haɗu da tsaba tare da yashi kuma a warwatsa a saman ruwan ƙasa.
Ana ɗaukar akwati a cikin gonar kuma a binne ta dusar ƙanƙara, ko a sa a cikin firiji don kayan lambu (a + digiri 3-4). Lokacin da lokacin daskarewa ya ƙare, canja wurin akwati zuwa ɗakin kuma sanya shi akan windowsill mai haske. Harbe yana bayyana ba tare da daidaito ba. Tare da haɓaka biyu na ainihin ganye, nutse seedlings. Kuma tare da farko na ci mai ɗorewa, dasa a gonar.
- Ana rarraba bushesin saxifrage, akasari a watan Agusta.
- Za'a iya dasa kwandon 'yar sata a cikin tsawon lokacin girma. Yana da mahimmanci kawai cewa sun manyanta tare da ikon samun rayuwa mai 'yanci.
- Za a iya yada yankan a watan Yuni-Yuli.
Cutar da kwari
Saxifrage a cikin bude ƙasa hoto
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wanda ya isa ya bada izinin tsawaita tsawa a cikin yanki na tushen saxifrage. Wannan an ɓoye shi tare da haɓakar cututtukan fungal da bayyanar kowane nau'in rot, daga abin da za'a warkar da shuka, wataƙila, ba zai yi aiki ba.
Daga cikin kwari, saxifrage, m gizo-gizo da aphids na iya yin barazanar saxifrages. Yi amfani da ƙwayoyin da suka dace, tsarma da amfani da su, gwargwadon umarnin da aka haɗa da maganin.
A ƙirar ƙasa
Yanayin girma na Saxifraga
Matsakaicin wuri don saxifrage shine lambu mai dutse, tudu mai tsayi. Wannan matattarar ƙasa kuma zata yi ado da iyakoki a hade tare da sauran ƙananan ƙananan tsire-tsire masu dutse - dutse, viols, dwarf irises.
Game da bidiyo shukaif saxifrage:
