Gatzania (Gazania), ko gazania - tsire-tsire na fure-fure ko shekara-shekara, gama gari a cikin daji a Ostiraliya da Afirka ta Kudu kuma mallakar dangin Astrov. Mutane suna kiran furen "gwal na rana" ko "Daisy na Afirka." Tsakanin fiye da dozin dozin, da kuma iri-iri da iri iri, masu lambu na iya zaɓar albarkatu tare da launuka iri-iri da inuwa iri iri. Palette na fure ana wakilta ne da launuka biyu masu launin fari, ruwan hoda, lilac, rawaya, ruwan lemo, ja da launin ruwan kasa mai haske.
Abubuwa masu rarrabe na tsire-tsire herbaceous sune kafewar ganyayyaki mai launin shuɗi-kore tare da tsari mai yawa da kuma saukakken gashi a kan shimfidar tabarma, daɗaɗɗen tushe, ƙananan inflorescences - kwanduna har zuwa 10 cm a diamita da 'ya'yan itace - achenes. Matsakaicin tsawo na perennials yana daga cm 20 zuwa 30. Girma ɗaya na iya haɗawa da kwandunan fure na 20-30. Lokacin fure na kowane inflorescence yana wuce kwanaki 20, kuma a lokacin bazara zaka iya sha'awan launuka masu haske na farkon tarawariya daga farkon watan Yuni zuwa kusan ƙarshen Oktoba.
Gatsaniya namo daga tsaba
Shuka shuka bishiyoyi
Domin shuka ya zama cikakke kuma ya tabbatar da kwalliyar sa a cikin fiye da lokaci daya, ya zama dole don shuka iri yadda yakamata kuma su girma wasu kyawawan kwari daga gare su.
An saita ranakun shuka lokacin la'akari da yanayin damina da yanayin yankin. Mafi dacewa lokacin shuka shine daga 15 ga Maris zuwa 15 ga Afrilu. Tare da dasa shuki a farkon yanayi mai sanyi, ci gaban amfanin gona zai yi jinkirin, kuma tare da marigayi da lokacin furanni zai fara yawa daga baya.
Tsire-tsire suna da tushen tushe, don haka akwatunan dasa yakamata su kasance masu zurfi. Cakuda ƙasa yana buƙatar drained da haske, tsaka tsaki a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Gatzania seedling care
Ana ba da shawarar an shuka tsaba a cikin tsarin checkerboard ko bazuwar, amma da wuya a nesa na kusan 2-3 cm daga juna. Bayan shuka, an shuka ɗan abu a ƙasa ko kuma yayyafa shi da yashi mai bakin ciki. Ana shigar da ƙasa ƙasa nan da nan daga mai toya, bayan haka kwantena tare da dasa filayen an rufe shi da gilashin ko polyethylene kuma an sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi mai dumi tare da zazzabi na akalla digiri 20 Celsius. Kula da seedlings ya ƙunshi iska ta yau da kullun da kuma cire condensate. Karkashin dukkan yanayi, farkon harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15.
Daukana da hargitsi seedlings
Daga karamin zurfin girman ikon dasa, matasa tsire-tsire tare da cikakkun ganye guda uku ana watsa su cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da substrate wanda ya ƙunshi daidai sassan peat da humus. Daga kwalaye masu zurfi seedlings ba zai iya nutse ba. Transferredarin girman haɓakar seedlings yana canjawa zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya tare da zazzabi na 12 zuwa 16 Celsius Celsius (alal misali, baranda mai walƙiya ko cikin loggia mara tsami). Ana aiwatar da Wuya a cikin rana a cikin sa'o'i da yawa tare da bude taga, amma ba tare da tsararrun sanyi ba.
Gatsaniya sauka a fili
Yaushe shuka gatsaniya
Mafi kyawun lokacin da za'a iya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa daga 15 ga Mayu zuwa 15 ga Yuni. Rashin dasa shuki na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa tare da ci gaban furanni.
Soilasa akan shafin ya kamata ya zama haske. Ordinaryasan lambu na yau da kullun tare da ingantaccen tsarin abinci mai gina jiki ya dace da tsire-tsire matasa. Wajibi ne wurin ya kasance a buɗe kuma yana rana, tunda gatsaniya mallakar al'adun gargajiya ne masu iya daukar hoto da fari. A gare ta, hasken rana kai tsaye bashi da lahani. Lightarin hasken rana da zafi, da yake mafi kyau.
Yadda za a shuka gatsaniya
Canja wuri na tsire-tsire daga akwatin dasa zuwa filin budewa yana gudana ta hanyar diba mai yawa tare da dunƙule na ƙuraje. Don kada tushen tsarin mai lalacewa ya lalace, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai, kuma ana barin seedlings a cikin tukwane na mutum akan gadajen fure tare da tukwane. Nisa tsakanin tsaunin shine 20-25 cm.
A cikin kwanaki 90-100 bayan an shuka iri, 'ya'yan bishiyar gatsaniya za su yi fure a taro a kan lambun furanni da ke buɗe ko gadon filawa.
Kula da Gatzania
Chamomile na Afirka ya fi son girma a cikin hasken rana mai haske, a wani yanki mai kyau da kuma a zazzabi mai zafi. Duk da asalinsa na wurare masu zafi, shuka zai iya tsayayya da tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi a zazzabi. Misali, sanyi kwatsam zuwa digiri 5-7 na sanyi ba zai shafi cikakken rayuwar amfanin gona na fure ba.
Watse
Ana yin matsakaici na yau da kullun kawai tare da dogon rashi ba tare da ruwan sama ba. A cikin wasu yanayi, zaku iya shayar da furanni sau 2-3 a wata tare da tilas ɗin da aka saki na gadaje.
Pingin da kula da ƙasa
Pruning na yau da kullun na wilted inflorescences zai ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar babban adadin sababbin buds. Needsasar tana buƙatar weeding na yau da kullun daga weeds, amma zaka iya maye gurbin ta da mulching. Mulch ba kawai zai kawar da bayyanar ciyawar ba, amma kuma zai kiyaye ƙasa ta daɗe.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Yawan riguna masu kyau da mitar su ya dogara da abun da ke ƙasa a wurin dasawa. Rashin talauci da lalataccen ƙasa, har ma da gonar gona ta dutse, dole ne a ciyar da su a kai a kai kowace rana ta 15-20. Za'a iya ciyar da gadaje na fure tare da ƙasa mai ma'ana tare da takin ma'adinai sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 30-40. Ga kowane mitir na murabba'in ƙasa zai buƙaci kimanin 25 g na taki mai gina jiki.
Gatsaniya bayan fure
Tarin iri
Wani fasalin mutum na gatsaniya shine cewa ƙwayayen da suka ripan itace, har da iska mai ƙarfi, watsuwa cikin fuskoki daban-daban, kamar dandelion. Kuna iya tattara su idan, a ƙarshen lokacin fure, ku rufe kwanduna tare da ɗan guntun gauze kuma ku ɗaura shi a kan shinge. Tarin iri a cikin yankuna na yiwuwa ne tare da lokacin bazara da zafi. A cikin watanni na sanyi mai sanyi kuma tare da farkon kaka, tsaba ba su da lokacin shuka.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Tsara don tsire-tsire na hunturu ba a buƙata. A cikin kaka, lokacin da perennials gama fure, ana shirya fitar da harbe a ƙarƙashin tushe.
Hakanan ana iya gwada nau'ikan gatsaniya don adana har zuwa kakar mai zuwa. Tare da zuwan kaka, ya zama dole don tono mafi tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, dasa su cikin bututun katako ko akwatuna mai zurfi kuma sanya su a cikin dakin sanyi tare da hasken mai haske. Yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara yana daga digiri 8 zuwa 10 Celsius. Babban kulawa ya ƙunshi daɗaɗɗen matsakaici na matsakaici, wanda yakamata a aiwatar da shi kawai bayan bushewa saman saman ƙasa da santimita da yawa. Da zuwan bazara, ana yanke harbe-rabi rabi kuma an sake dasa su a bude.
Cutar da kwari
Wataƙila kwari na gatzania sune gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, aphids da katantanwa. Za'a iya cire yanar gizo daga katantanwa kawai ta hanyar tarin hannu, kuma magunguna na musamman na iya taimakawa wajen kawar da sauran baƙi da ba a gayyata ba. Inta-vir, Akarin, Fitoverm - yana lalata aphids, kuma Actellik, Ditox da Fufanon - sun jure da mitar gizo-gizo.
Gatzania yana da tsayayye ga dukkan cututtukan fungal da cututtukan fata kuma kusan ba sa fama da cututtuka. Banda shi ne babban take hakkokin dokokin kulawa da kulawa, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar launin toka. A alamar farko, ana bada shawara don cire duk tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da tushe, kuma duk sauran tsire-tsire ya kamata a yi gaggawa da Fitosporin.
Mafi matsalar gama-gari tsakanin lambu lokacin shuka girma shine dogon rashi na fure. Dalilin wannan halayyar launi yana iya kasancewa yana ɓoye cikin kulawa mara kyau ko yanayin da bai dace ba. Don lokacin furanni da yalwatacce, yana da kyau a bi ka'idodi masu sauyawa, sau da yawa na ban ruwa, ka'idodin zaɓin wurin dasa shuki da abin da ya shafi ƙasa, har da takin.
Iri da nau'ikan gatsaniya
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan su ne gatsaniya "Long-Rifled", "Shiny", "Peacock", "Potsy", "Cirrus", "-aya daga cikin furanni", "Snow-fari", "Hybrid". Wasu nau'ikan matasan suna iya yin fure a lokacin rana, sabanin manyan nau'ikan, wanda furanni suke rufe da dare ko ruwan sama.
