Kyau tsararren (Odontoglossum) yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga babban iyali na Orchidaceae (Orhidaceae). Hakanan ana kiran wannan dangin orchis, kuma yana da ƙarin ƙananan wurare 5. An samo wakilan wannan dangi a duk yankuna na duniyar Duniya ban da Antarctica. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada nau’ikan 65 na tsirrai daban-daban. A dabi'a, ana samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka tare da yanayin canjin yanayin zafi da ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana samun su da cikakken tsayin 1700 zuwa mita 3000. Amma akwai nau'ikan jinsin da suka fi son girma har a cikin manyan wurare, inda yake da sanyi da laima.
Sunan irin wannan tsiro ya fito daga kalmomin Girka "odon" ko "odontos" - "haƙori" da "glossa" - "harshe". Irin wannan sunan wanda ba a sani ba yana da alaƙa da bayyanar furanni na wannan orchid. Don haka, a cikin tushe na lebe (kasan maraba), ci gaban maras kyau yayi kama da hakora a bayyane suke. Na farko wannan masanin kimiyar masanin halitta dan kasar Jamus Karl Kunt ya bayyana wannan, kuma wannan ya faru ne a farkon karni na 19.
Wannan kwayoyin ana wakilta ta lithophytes (tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma a kan duwatsu ko kan dutse), kazalika da epiphytes (girma a kan kututture ko rassan wasu tsirrai ko bishiyoyi). Odontoglossum na iya zama babba ko matsakaici. A lokuta da dama, wannan fure yakan girma kamar shuka ƙasa. A takaice dai tushen takaice, akwai wani nau'in ɓarna na ruɓaɓɓen ruɓa, tare da ingantaccen matakan haɗin kai a haɗe. A matsakaici, tsinkayen odontoglossum shine santimita 20, amma a lokaci guda akwai nau'ikan da suke shimfiɗa zuwa 90 santimita.
Launin launuka na bakin fata mai launin fata ne mai fure mai haske, kuma siffarsu tana da tsawo sosai. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, ganyayen yana da rayuwa ta shekaru. Yanayin tsiro ya zama abin juyayi. M daji kunshi dukan tsarin harbe. A kwance a kewayen sassan mai tushe na samar da rhizome. Kuma akan sassan da ke tsaye, an kafa pseudobulbs (thickening). Peduncles suna girma daga tushe na pseudobulb, kuma a kansu akwai wasu kyawawan furanni masu kyau ana samun su lokaci guda. Wannan tohon fure yana nan a farkon haɓakar ganye da ya gabata ko kuma tushe (wannan na iya kasancewa jinkirin ciwan ganye da ke ƙasa).
Odontoglossum kusan ba zai yiwu ba haɗuwa a cikin shagunan fure. Koyaya, akwai ɗumbin adadin halittun da aka kirkira ta hanyar tsallake odontoglossum tare da wasu nau'in dangin orchid. A lokaci guda, wannan halittar orchids tana haye cikin sauqi. Haihuwar gadoji yawanci suna da kyau sosai kuma suna da tsawon furanni daga tsakiyar kaka zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Ya kamata a tuna cewa nau'ikan daban-daban na iya Bloom a kowane lokaci na shekara. Lokacin da furanninsu suka ƙare, lokacin ƙaura zai fara (ana lura dashi kowane watanni 8). Odontoglossum ya fi dacewa da haɓaka ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masani, kamar yadda masu farawa zasu iya fuskantar matsaloli da yawa tare da irin wannan shuka.
Odontoglossum orchid mai kulawa a gida
Haske
Wannan orchid yana da hoto sosai kuma yana buƙatar kyakkyawan fitila. Koyaya, yakamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don ɗaukar irin wannan fure, windows na kudu maso yamma ko kudu maso gabas sun dace sosai. Lokacin da aka sanya shi a taga ta kudu, furen zai buƙaci inuwa daga zafin rana mai zafi. Kuna iya inuwa da shuka ta amfani da labulen haske ko labulen labulen. Idan ana so, takarda ko takaddar bibiyu za a iya glued zuwa saman gilashin, wanda zai iya bambance hasken rana sosai.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Irin waɗannan orchids suna dacewa da yanayin yanayin sanyi, sabili da haka ana bada shawara don haɓaka su a cikin gidajen da ba a taɓa ɗorawa ba ko dakunan sanyi. Amma halittun da aka kirkira ta hanyar wucewa tare da nau'in ƙauna mai zafi suna dacewa da yanayin ɗakin al'ada. A lokacin rani, ana bada shawarar a kiyaye irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a zazzabi na 24 zuwa 26, amma ya fi kyau idan ya kasance digiri 19 a cikin rana da digiri 16 cikin dare. Tsarin zafin jiki da aka ba da shawarar a lokacin hunturu ya kasance daga digiri 13 zuwa 17.
Haushi
Odontoglossum don haɓaka al'ada da haɓaka yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Don haka, yayin rana ya kamata ya kasance kusan kashi 60, kuma da dare - tashi zuwa kashi 90 cikin dari. Idan gumi yana ƙasa da al'ada, to wannan zai haifar da lalacewa a cikin bayyanar fure, da haɓakar sa. Yana da daraja tuna cewa warmer a cikin ɗakin, mafi girma yawan adadin zafi ya kamata kuma mafi yawan lokuta ana yin iska. A lokacin rani, a lokacin watanni mai zafi, ana ba da shawarar cewa a sanya tukunya tare da tsiron a cikin kwanon daɗaɗɗa da babban, a cikin abin da ya kamata a fara zuba tukunyar yumɓu (pebbles) da ɗan karamin ruwa. Lokacin da ruwa ya bushe, gumi zai iya ƙaruwa ta halitta. Koyaya, yakamata ka tabbata cewa ruwan bai shiga cikin tukunyar ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da jujjuyawar tsarin akan tushen sa.
Yadda ake ruwa
Mitar ban ruwa ya shafi kai tsaye zuwa yanayin zafin jiki na odontoglossum. Saboda haka, mai sanyaya ɗakin, lessarancin lokaci kuna buƙatar samar da shayarwa da kuma mataimakin. Lokacin zabar tukunya, yakamata a tuna cewa yalwar ruwa ya kamata ya barta da yardar rai da sauri. A wannan batun, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tukwane biyu, don haka, a cikin ɓangaren da ke saman, an sanya fure kanta, kuma wanda ke ƙasa an tsara shi don jan ruwa mai yawa. Idan ruwa ya kwarara a cikin abin da ke cikin, wannan zai haifar da bayyanar rot ɗin akan tsarin tushe, haka kuma harbi.
Watering ya kamata m kuma yalwatacce, kuma ya kamata a da za'ayi ba tare da jiran da substrate gaba daya bushe. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa pseudobulbs baya yin wrinkle tsakanin waterings. Bayan fure, da yawan ruwa ya kamata a rage. Kuma a lokacin hutawa, ana aiwatar da ruwa tare da mita na 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7.
A gaban matasa harbe, shi wajibi ne don moisten da shuka a hankali isa, domin suna da matukar kula da irin wannan hanyoyin. Masana sun ba da shawara, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, don shirya wannan ruwan orchid mai ruwan sanyi (kimanin digiri 35), wanda ya shafi lafiyar da ci gaban gaba ɗaya na wannan fure. Duk lokacin da kuka shayar da shi, da yawa ganye zai fito, kuma wannan zai haifar da karuwa a cikin mita m. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ruwa mai tsauri bai kamata a yi amfani dashi ba. Babban don irin waɗannan hanyoyin yana narke ko ruwan sama. Don rashin shi, za a iya haɗuwa da murfin ruwan famfo a daidai gwargwado. Kuma zaku iya taushi ruwan famfo ta tafasa, tacewa, kuma za'a iya kare ta daidai. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ruwa don ban ruwa yakamata ya sami zazzabi na 20 zuwa 23.
Taki
Bayan ƙarshen lokacin damuwa, kuna buƙatar fara amfani da takin zamani na musamman don orchids zuwa cikin substrate. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da taki na ruwa tare da hadadden ma'adanai. Ya kamata a lura cewa cakuda abinci mai gina jiki da aka yi amfani da shi don miya babba yana da raguwa mai rauni sosai. A lokacin girman ci gaba, kuna buƙatar ciyar da shuka sau 1 a cikin mako ɗaya, kuma a lokacin flowering - lokaci 1 a cikin makonni 3.
Bayan matasa sprouts girma da rabi na al'ada size, kana bukatar ka fara ciyar da orchid tare da taki tare da babban abun ciki na phosphorus mahadi. Baya ga na al'ada saman miya, ya kamata a za'ayi foliar. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da kayan miya a saman takarda tare da takin iri ɗaya. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin takin.
Siffofin dasawa da cakuda ƙasa
Don shuka ya yi girma kullum kuma ya yi fure, ya kamata a aiwatar da aikin sau ɗaya a shekara, alhali ba wai kawai abin da ake canzawa ba ne, amma kuma za a canza tukunyar. An bada shawara don yin jujjuya shi kafin fure ko bayan shi (a lokacin bazara ko lokacin kaka). Sau da yawa, odontoglossum da kansa yana nuna alamar cewa lokaci yayi da za a yi juyawa, saboda haka yana samar da ƙaramin harbi wanda ya kai santimita 5 zuwa 8 a tsayi. Hakanan, dasawa ya zama dole tare da rabin watsa. Ta hanyar canza iyawar, masana suna ba da shawarar cewa a raba tsohuwar pseudobulbs a hankali.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa cikin matsanancin zafi an hana yin shi.
Asa mai dacewa ya kamata ya zama haske, numfashi sosai da kuma sha ruwa. Don haka, lokacin juyawa, zaka iya amfani da gaurayawan da aka shirya da aka siyar a cikin shagon fure, wanda aka tsara don orchids ko orchids da bromeliads. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don substrate, waɗanda za a iya shirya da hannuwanku:
- peat ƙasa, yankakken sphagnum da yan gawayi tare da abubuwan da aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado;
- gauraya kwandon kwalliya, kwandon kwakwa (fiber), yankakken tushen gishirin yankakken gawayi daidai gwargwado.
Kar a manta yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa a kasan tukunyar. Bayan dasawa, yakamata a shimfiɗa daskararren ƙuraje mai ƙura da ɓoyayyen ƙasa a saman ƙasa, wanda zai taimaka wajen kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa. Na farko watering na dasa shuka dole ne a yi kwanaki 7 bayan wannan hanya.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Odontoglossum za'a iya yaduwa yayin dasawa; saboda wannan, ya kamata a raba daji mafi yawa zuwa sassa. Lokacin rabuwa da rhizome, dole ne mutum ya tuna cewa kowane tsage dole ne ya kasance ya kasance yana da wadatattun pseudobulbs akalla 2-3 da wani 1 (ko fiye) ma'anar haɓaka. An yanka shi a cikin rhizome a wuka mai kaifi sosai.
Ya kamata a kula da wuraren da suka lalace akan abubuwan rarrabawa kuma carbon da aka kunna mai kara zai zama cikakke ga wannan. Sannan delenki ya kamata a dage farawa a hankali akan press shredded gansakuka kuma jira har sai Tushen ya fara girma. Sa'an nan kuma fara girma delenki, ya kamata a dasa a cikin flower fure tukwane. Don yin wannan, a cikin tukunya, tare da shimfidar magudanar da aka riga aka yi, ana sanya tushen tushen shuka. Kuma kawai bayan wannan an shirya gurbin da aka shirya a hankali.
Karin kwari da matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Sau da yawa akan irin wannan orchids thrips, aphids, gizo-gizo mites, kazalika da kwari kwari zaunar. Kwararru suna ba da shawarar magance irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da taimakon magungunan kashe kwari na musamman. Idan ruwa ya yi tsit a cikin abin da ke cikin, wannan na iya tsokanar bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin fungal da yawa. A wannan yanayin, masana sun ba da shawara a hankali cire tushen tsarin daga cikin substrate da kuma bi da tare da fungicides. Hakanan kuna buƙatar karɓar tukunyar da kanta, kuma dasa shuka a cikin sabon keɓaɓɓen.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk matsalolin da aka fuskanta yayin narkar da wannan tsiro suna da alaƙa da keta dokokin kulawa. Don haka, wannan na iya zama saboda rashin daidaitattun matakan haske, yanayin zafin da ba daidai ba ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin ruwa. Don haka, matsalolin da aka fi sani sune:
- Furen yana tsayawa da girma, kuma ganyayen sa ya samu yalwataccen launin shuɗi da wuraren shishki. - Wannan saboda iska ta bushe sosai.
- Gashinan haske ya bayyana a farfajiya - saboda iska mai taushi, ya zama dole a kara yawan jiragen sama.
- Tabeage ya juya launin rawaya - Wannan na iya zama saboda faɗuwar rana kai tsaye a kansu.
Batun bidiyo
Babban nau'ikan
Wadancan nau'ikan da aka jera a ƙasa sun fi shahara lokacin da suke girma a gida, saboda suna ƙanƙantar da kulawa.
Odontoglossum bictoniense (Odontoglossum bictoniense)
Wannan nau'in ya shahara a tsakanin sauran tare da ire-irensu masu lalacewa, waɗanda kuma suna daure sosai. A tsayi, wannan shuka ya kai 18 santimita. A ƙasa daji an rufe shi da ganye biyu na ciyayi masu filafilai 4-6. A saman pseudobulbs akwai takaddun dogon 2 ko 3 na layin layi. Madaidaiciya sako-sako da inflorescence yana da buro mai kama-da siffar, kuma a kai akwai babban adadin ba manya-manyan (diamita daga 4 zuwa 5 santimita) furanni. A cikin tsayi, irin wannan inflorescence na iya isa daga 30 zuwa 80 santimita. Furanni masu launin shuɗi-rawaya sun ƙunshi kunkuntar sepals da petals, yayin da a saman su akwai ƙira a cikin nau'i na launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan ƙwaya. Lebe mai kama da zuciya ko ƙirar koda, yana da gajeru mai tsayi kuma babba. Lebe yana da fararen launi ko launi na lilac, mai kaurin fuska da kuma wasu launuka masu launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi a gindi. Yawo yana wucewa daga tsakiyar kaka zuwa farkon hunturu. Buɗe furanni yana faruwa a hankali, yayin da farkon farkon inflorescence na iya ci gaba har tsawon makonni 8-10.
Kyakkyawan Odontoglossum (Odontoglossum pulchellum)
An ware wannan nau'in a cikin wata halittar daban wacce ake kira Odontoglossum Schltr. Ire-iren siffofin da ke cike da ƙazanta suna da kusanci da juna. A saman kowannensu akwai 'yar takaddun litattafai masu dogon tsayi waɗanda ke haifar da tsini da babban tsari. Fentin mai lankwasa mai zurfi ya girma daga ƙananan sinus na ganye. Suna ɗaukar inflorescences sako-sako a cikin nau'i na buroshi, wanda ya ƙunshi furannin dusar ƙanƙara guda 4-6. Lebe mai kama da sifar gita ana kai shi sama sannan a gindinsa akwai tsefe a nau'in corns, wanda yake da launuka masu launin rawaya mai haske, ana kuma sanya ɗigon ja a saman sa. A karkashin lebe akwai wata takaddara wacce aka lika itace, wadanda kusan basa iya ganin sa. Yana blooms a Janairu-Fabrairu.
Odontoglossum crispum (Odontoglossum crispum)
Mafi kyawun kallon wannan dabi'ar. A kan shimfidar wurare yana daure da furanni masu ɗaure mai nauyi, tsarin abin da koyaushe yake bambanta. Rataye inflorescences a cikin siffar goga ya ƙunshi ba fiye da fure 15 ba tare da geza mai gefe. Ana sanya fentin furen a cikin lilac ko farar fata, kuma a kansu akwai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ko launin ceri. A kan leɓatun mai yatsu masu yawa masu launin shuɗi-launin rawaya.
Lemon tsami (Odontoglossum citrosmum)
Inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni na fure mai furen llac ko fure mai ruwan hoda, wanda ke lamba 9 zuwa 20. Lebe yana da ruwan hoda launin shuɗi.
Zuciya-mai kamannin jini-Oontoglossum (Odontoglossum stringatum)
Akwai manyan furanni 3 zuwa 8. Lebe yana da siffar zuciya.
Babban odontoglossum (girma Odontoglossum)
Ko "Tiger orchid" - wannan shine ɗayan kyawawan tsire-tsire na gidan orchid. Mafi yawanci ana samun su ne a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan tsaunukan Amurka ta tsakiyar, ko kuma a saman plateaus na Guatemala da Costa Rica. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yafi son yayi girma a cikakken tsayin mita 2000-2500. Ya fi son wuraren da ke da kyau-hasken da ke da kyau, misali: bayyane, gefunan daji, rafuffukan bakin teku da koguna. A cikin waɗannan wurare, duka a cikin iska da ƙasa a cikin shekara duka akwai babban danshi mai ciki. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta raɓa mai safiya, wanda ke samar da karnuka da daddare, haka ma daskarar da ruwa daga jikin ruwa. Ure Skinner, masanin kimiyyar dabi'a kuma mai tattara tsire-tsire, ya fara bayyana wannan nau'in, wanda ya samo shi a cikin wani dutse mai cike da tsauni kusa da babban birnin Guatemala a farkon karni na 19.
Wannan furen fure ne mai rhizome, duk da haka, rhizome amintacce ne a ɓoye a ƙarƙashin pseudobulbs, yana da siffar mara laushi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, akwai 2 ko 3 irin waɗannan pseudobulbs. Suna da kusanci da juna kuma suna sama da rhizome. A kansu akwai wasu ganye da suka rufe su daga ƙasa. Daga sinus na ganye, farji 1 ko 2 suna girma. Infrorescences drooping yana da sifar tsere kuma ya ƙunshi manyan furanni (diamita daga 12 zuwa 15 santimita), wanda adadin daga guda 3 zuwa 7 (ƙasa da sau 9).A launi daga cikin furanni ne m rawaya da kuma fairly lokacin farin ciki ratsi na kodadde launin ruwan kasa ana transversely shirya a kan su farfajiya. Petals tare da wavy gefuna a cikin ƙananan sashi suna da launin tokare mai launin shuɗi da iyakar rawaya, ɓangaren sashi yana cike da rawaya. Lian ƙaramin lebe mai zagaye yana da launin shuɗi-fari ko launin shuɗi, sannan akan shimfidar sa akwai wurare da yawa da jan jini. Fulawa na iya faruwa daga farkon kaka zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu kuma yakan ɗauki makonni 4. Tana jin al'ada lokacin da take girma, amma irin wannan orchid tabbas yana buƙatar zazzabi mai sanyi.
