Farin kabeji abu ne sananne sosai tsakanin mazauna bazara, saboda haka suna da matukar damuwa game da tambayar yadda ake shuka shi yadda ya kamata don samun girbi mai kyau. Wannan al'adar kayan lambu tana da wadataccen abinci mai yawa a cikin bitamin waɗanda suke buƙatar jikin ɗan adam, ƙanshinta yana da laushi kuma mai laushi.
An adana shi a cikin hunturu, yana yin salatin mai daɗi, kuma ma yana da girma azaman cika wa kek. Za mu yi kokarin gano yadda ake shuka farin kabeji yadda yakamata mu kuma kula da shi domin tara kyawawan amfanin gona.
Me yasa farin kabeji ya shahara sosai
A cikin ƙasarmu, wannan kayan lambu yana da mashahuri sosai, kuma ya sami shahararsa a zamanin da. Ko da shekaru dubu 4 da suka gabata a cikin tsohuwar Misira ta fara yin wannan al'adar. A hankali, ta yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen Turai, ciki har da Rasha. Masana kimiyyar mu sun haɓaka nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin Rasha.
Tun da fararen kabeji abin mamaki ake adana shi a cikin hunturu, da sauri ya sami shahararsa. Fermented - wannan tushen tushen bitamin, kuma godiya ga brine, an sake dawo da karfi kuma mutane masu tsananin rashin lafiya sun murmure.
Wannan noman kayan lambu ya ƙunshi adadin ascorbic acid da bitamin U, wanda zai iya magance cututtukan ciki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a magungunan gargajiya da cosmetology.
Halayen fararen kabeji
Wannan kayan lambu yana ƙaunar haske kuma yana buƙatar rana da yawa don haɓaka shi. Kabeji yana da sauƙin sanyi-yana jurewa, yana son ƙasa mai daɗi kuma abu ne mai kyau nema a kan shayarwa.
A cikin matsanancin zafi, ci gaban amfanin gona ya tsaya, idan zazzabi ya wuce alamar + 35 digiri, shugabannin kabeji sun daina ɗaure. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don girma ana ɗauka shine + 18 digiri. Manyan shugabannin kabeji sun iya yin tsayayya da sanyi na -8.
Ya danganta da lokacin tumatir, nau'in kabeji sune:
- Wadanda suka fara.
- Tsaka-tsaki.
- Late.
Matakan farko suna da kyau a ci sabo, matsakaici da na marigayi sun fi kyau a girbe su, a na ƙarshen su kuma a ajiyayyu.
A yau, masana kimiyya sun harhada da dama iri da kuma hybrids farin kabeji, wanda dace da kowane yanki na canjin yanayi. Wannan mahimmin matsayi yana da mahimmanci don girma, saboda a wannan yanayin, amfanin kayan lambu yana ba da girbi mai yawa.
Yadda ake shuka seedlings
A tsakiyar Rasha, yawanci ana shuka kabeji tare da tsire-tsire. A watan Maris a cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa musamman shirye (yashi, turɓayar ƙasa, peat) shuka iri da wuri.
Gardenerswararrun lambu ba da shawarar girma fari kabeji amfani da gonar lambu, kamar yadda akwai hadarin kamuwa da cuta daga seedlings. Kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole ne a yi amfani da kasar gona da sinadarin masara ta dindindin.
Varietiesawan tsakiyar lokacin sown a cikin kwalaye a tsakiyar Afrilu, kuma daga baya a ƙarshen wannan watan. Kafin dasawa, dole ne a tsoma tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi na mintina 15, bayan haka ana tura su cikin ruwan sanyi na mintina 3.
Sai awa 12 dasu sa a cikin wani bayani da kara kuzari da rana a cikin firiji. Dole ne a bushe tsaba kuma a shuka shi a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa mai-da toshe zuwa zurfin cm 1 Kafin germination, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama digiri +20.
Idan an shuka ƙwayar kabeji akan windowsill, ya kamata tanada mata haske a cikin adadin da ake buƙata, in ba haka ba zai fara shimfiɗa, mai tushe zai zama mai tsawo da na bakin ciki, shuka kuwa da kanta ta zama mai rauni.
Preparationasa shiri
Kafin dasa shuki kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai budewa, an shirya ƙasa da farko, zai fi dacewa idan ya so sako-sako da m. An shirya gadaje a gaba, kuma ana bincika ƙasa don acidity, mafi kyau idan yana da ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki.
Idan ƙasa ta cika da nauyi, yana da kyau don ƙara yashi da takin game da guga na 1 m². Saboda tattalin arzikin, yawancin lambu suna amfani da takin kai tsaye zuwa rijiyoyin. Girma mãkirci ya kamata leburba tare da wani nuna bambanci ba.
Ana shuka 'yan itacen cikin waɗannan kwanakin:
- farkon maki - farkon rabin Mayu;
- matsakaici - tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu;
- marigayi iri - ƙarshen Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni.
Makirci na dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa buɗe
Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace bisa ga makircin masu zuwa:
- Yawancin nau'ikan suna da nisa daga 50 cm daga juna.
- Don matsakaici da na marigayi iri, wannan ƙimar ya riga 60 cm.
Zai fi kyau zaɓi ranar girgije don dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuma yana da kyau a yi wannan da yamma. Idan tsire-tsire da aka shuka zai kasance a cikin rana, zai iya "dafa". A farkon zamanin yana da kyawawa yi duhu tare da lokacin farin ciki ko rassan.
Ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ramuka na pre-shayar, wannan ba zai bada izinin voids ta samar da kewayen rami ba. Kafin ganye na farko ya bayyana, zai fi kyau a yayyafa shi da ƙasa bushe. Hakanan wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa ba a jan kodan tsakiyar ciki ba.
Itace kabeji na waje da kulawa
Domin kabeji ya haɓaka da kyau, tushen sa dole ne ya sami isashshen oxygen, sabili da haka, kula da wannan kayan lambu na kayan lambu dole ya haɗa da namo, wanda aka yi shi nan da nan bayan dasa shuki.
Wannan yakamata a fara yin hakan, har zuwa cm 10 Yayinda shugabannin kabeji suke girma, kwance yakamata ya zama mai zurfi, har zuwa cm 25. A lokaci guda yakamata a yi amfani da shikamar yadda ciyayi na iya rikitar da seedlings.
Girma da kulawa da farin kabeji ya hada da shayarwa. Wannan al'ada tana da danshi-ƙaunar juna, amma nau'ikan daban-daban suna gabatar da buƙatu daban-daban don wannan aikin.
Yawancin kabeji da yawa yayin girma ya zama dole ruwa akai-akaiamma a matsakaici. Ya isa don aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar sau ɗaya a rana don ƙasa ta kasance da danshi koyaushe.
A lokacin je fita (a watan Yuni), yawan ruwa yana ƙaruwa. Makonni biyu kafin a yanke kabeji, wanda za'ayi a ƙarshen Yuli, sun dakatar da sanyaya ƙasa, tunda yawan danshi yana haifar da fatattakar shugabannin.
Ana shayar da nau'in tsakiyar kakar a daidai wannan hanyar da farko, amma ya fi haka tsayi da tsanantawa a lokacin saita shugabannin. Kafin yankan sati biyu, an daina hana ruwa ruwa.
Late iri-iri koyaushe yana bukatar danshi. Tunda ana amfani da irin wannan kabeji don ajiya a cikin hunturu, wata daya kafin yanke ya kamata a dakatar da shayarwa. In ba haka ba, danshi mai yawa yana iya shafar ingancin ajiya.
Da wuya kuma sau da yawa sha kayan lambu kayan lambu ne wanda ba a ke so, tun da tushen sami damar tara danshi, wanda na taimaka wa ci gaban su ƙarfi ga lalata shugabannin kabeji.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Girma da kulawa da farin kabeji ba zai iya yin ba tare da saka miya ba. A karo na farko, an bada shawarar yin wannan sati biyu bayan dasa shuki da tsaran girma yayin girmansa. A saboda wannan amfani da tsirrai kaza, wanda aka diluted da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1:15.
An kuma sanya suturar farko ta biyu bayan sati biyu da amfani da jiko mulleinwanda aka shirya a gaba kuma nace don kwanaki 10.
Na uku saman miya ne da za'ayi a lokacin saitin shugabannin kabeji, yayin da jiko na mullein ko ganye girbi daga wormwood, shuka thistle, nettle.
Ana aiwatar da suturar sama a cikin wani rami a ƙarƙashin tushen, ƙoƙarin kada ya faɗi akan ganyayyaki kuma ya wajaba a hada wannan tsari tare da shayarwa.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Babban karin kwari da kayan lambu su ne kabeji da diba. Wani lokaci zaku iya lura da mamayewa na ƙusar masifa.
Wannan al'ada ta sami damar shayar da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don fesa kwari, don haka ya fi kyau a yi amfani da magungunan jama'a don a lalata su. Misali, zaku iya hada mustard foda da barkono mai zafi mai zafi da wannan cakuda pollinating shugabannin kabeji.
Zai taimaka wajen kawar da ƙwarya mai guba ta hanyar fesawa tare da maganin ash - lita biyu na iya a cikin guga na ruwa ko jigon vinegar.
Mafi haɗari cutar kabeji - keel, wanda matakan kariya suke taimakawa don gujewa.
Don haka, girma farin kabeji da kula da shi aiki ne mai wahala. Don samun kyakkyawan girbi, dole ne yi daidai kuma a kan kari kuma a kan kari kawar da amfanin gona na ciyawa.
Dole ne a tuna cewa farkon, na tsakiya da na marigayi iri na buƙatar kulawa daban, kuma ana amfani da amfanin gona da ya girma don dalilai daban-daban.
