Irin wannan tsiro na shekara-shekara ko tsiro na herbaceous na tsire-tsire kamar osteospermum (Osteospermum) yana cikin dangin aster ko asteraceae. Wannan dabi'ar ana wakilta shi ta hanyar tsirrai da tsirrai, wanda a cikin daji za'a iya samun sahun yankin yankin Afirka. Sunan osteospermum ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Girkanci, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "kashi", da kuma daga kalmar Latin ma'ana "iri". Irin wannan shuka ana kuma kiranta "Cape daisy", "daisy blue", "Cape daisy", "Daisy na Afirka", kuma ana kiran "Daisy ta Afirka ta kudu". Osteospermum ana kiranta chamomile, saboda furanni na wakilan wannan halittar suna da kamannin zuwa waje irin na inflorescences na tsirrai mallakar wannan ƙungiyar ta Leucanthemum. Kamar yadda tsire-tsire na ornamental, yan lambu suna girma growan nau'in osteosperm.
Fasali na osteosperm
Osteospermum wata itaciya ce mai tsalle wanda tsawo ba ya wuce santimita 100. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bushes suna da kafaffen harbe, amma akwai nau'ikan da ke da tushe mai rarrafe. Gefen faranti ɗin ya zama ɗaya. Furanni sune kwandunan inflorescence, diamita wanda shine 4-10 santimita. Sun ƙunshi fure furanni wanda aka fentin launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda, rawaya, fari, shunayya ko lemo mai haske, da kuma furannin tsakiyar tubular na shuɗi. Osteospermum ya bambanta da sauran wakilan dangin aster saboda cewa furanni masu tsaka-tsakin furanni masu tsayi ne (rashin haihuwa), kuma an ɗaura nauyin tsaba zuwa furanni Reed.
An yi wa wannan shuka kwalliya tare da farfajiya da gadaje na fure, kuma ana girma cikin sufuna da tukwane. Itacen fure mai fure yana ƙare ne kawai a watan Nuwamba. Irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da tsayayya da zafi, fari-gajere da ƙaramin sanyi. A cikin latitudes na tsakiya, osteospermum na tsararraki yana girma, a matsayin mai mulkin, azaman shekara-shekara.
Girma osteosperm daga tsaba
Shuka
Shuka seedlings na busassun ƙwayar osteosperm a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris ko na farko - a watan Afrilu. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da allunan peat ko kwantena cike da cakuda yashi da peat. Domin tsaba su girma da sauri, ya kamata a sanya su a cikin rigar adiko na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa kafin shuka. A lokaci guda, tuna cewa ba zaku iya jiƙa waɗannan tsaba ba, saboda suna amsa mummunar cutar ga wannan. Laidaya daga cikin zuriyar an ɗora ta a kan m dirin na substrate kuma an binne rabin santimita a cikin ƙasa tare da ɗan ƙaramin yatsa. Amfanin gona an girbe shi a cikin wani wurin mai kyawu tare da zazzabi na 20 zuwa 22. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko na iya bayyana bayan kwanaki 7, bayan haka suna buƙatar tura su zuwa wuri mai cike da haske. Idan aka girma seedlings a cikin kwandon shara, to lokacin da suka samar da fararen ganye na 2 ko 3 na ainihi, za su buƙaci daɗaɗɗen kwantena, yayin da ku tuna ku zurfafa ɓangaren gangar jikin. Idan nau'ikan tsayi suna girma, to, bayan bayan dasawarsu, yana da mahimmanci don tsunkule ɗan ƙaramin tsire-tsire, wannan zai taimaka a nan gaba don samun ƙarin fure, kuma ba zai bada izinin seedlings su shimfiɗa sosai ba. Daga farkon kwanakin Mayu ya kamata ya fara fushi seedlings. A saboda wannan, an shirya bude taga a cikin ɗakin ko an canja seedlings zuwa baranda. Da farko, tsawon wannan aikin bai wuce minti 10-15 ba, sannan kuma dole ne a ƙara girma.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
'Ya'yan itacen osteosperm ana dasa su cikin ƙasa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu. Don dasa shuki, ya kamata ka zaɓi yankin rana, kodayake, ana iya girma wannan fure a wuri mai inuwa. Tsakanin ramin dasawa, dole ne a lura da nisan 20 zuwa 25 santimita. Zurfin su ya zama ya kamata wannan ba kawai tushen tsarin ya yi daidai ba, har ma da ƙammar earthen. Dole ne a canja ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar a hankali zuwa ramukan da aka shirya, waɗanda aka rufe tare da cakuda humus, sod da ƙasa mai ganye, da yashi (1: 1: 1: 1). Pulla saman kowane rijiyar. Shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu buƙatar buƙata mai yawa. Za a fara amfani da ruwa a watan Yuni.
Kula da osteospermum a cikin lambu
Shuka osteospermum yana da sauqi. Abinda kawai ake buƙata shine matsakaiciyar shayarwa, ciyar da lokaci a lokacin furanni, kuma a lokaci don ɗaukar inflorescences waɗanda suka fara lalacewa. A cikin abin da ya faru a cikin Mayu da dare har yanzu yana da sanyi sosai, to osteosperm zai buƙaci ya rufe.
Watering irin wannan furanni, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana buƙatar kawai a cikin dogon lokaci bushe. Gaskiyar ita ce saboda karancin danshi, furanni na iya yin sanyi. Idan tayi ruwa bisa tsari, to osteospermum zai iya yin ba tare da yin ruwa ba.
Don haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan girma da tsawon lokacin fure, kuna buƙatar ciyar da wannan tsiron sau 2 a wata tare da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun, kuma kuna buƙatar amfani da ½ ɓangaren shawarar da aka bayar da shawarar akan kunshin. Idan an lura da tsawan yanayin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, to, an dakatar da aiwatar da tsarin toho a cikin osteosperm. Bayan da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya sauka, ciyawar tayi ta cigaba.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Duk da gaskiyar cewa osteospermum yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari, har yanzu yana iya samun matsaloli irin wannan. Misali, idan fure ya girma a wani wuri mai inuwa kuma ana shayar dashi sau da yawa kuma yalwatacce, tsarin kariyarsa yana raunana, wanda yake haifar da shan kashi na cututtukan fungal. Wannan ya bayyana a gaskiyar cewa tushen tsarin daji rots, kuma ya bushe. Dangane da wannan, yana da kyau a shuka osteospermum a yankin mai rana, yayin da tuna cewa a tsakanin ciyawar ƙasa lallai ne lallai ya bushe sosai. Bi da samfuran da aka shafa tare da ƙwayar cuta.
Idan shuka ya raunana, to, aphids na iya shiryawa a jikin harbe da ganyen ganye, tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare ta. A cikin daji da abin ya shafa, ganye suna jujjuya launin rawaya da faɗuwa, yayin da shuka kanta take bushewa. Don kawar da aphids, wajibi ne don bi da bushes tare da acaricides (Aktara, Aktellik ko Karbofos).
Bayan fure
Bayan lokacin hunturu, osteospermum na shekara zai mutu. Amma akwai wata hanyar da za ta sanya ta zama tsararren shuka. A cikin kaka, tono sama da bushes kuma dasa su a cikin tukwane, wanda ya kamata a saka a cikin dakin sanyi, inda za su Bloom na quite wani lokaci.
Iri da nau'in osteosperm tare da hotuna da sunaye
A cikin daji, ana samun kusan nau'ikan osteosperm 45. Waɗannan nau'ikan masu zuwa sun fi shahara:
Yankin Eklon (Ockospermum ecklonis)
Ana samo shi cikin yanayi a gabashin yankin Cape. Wasu nau'ikan suna da harbe-tsaren madaidaiciya na rabin tsayin mita, wasu - suna tsintsaye, yaduwa, kusan tsintsaye bushes. Girman daskarar da inflorescences-kwanduna ya kai 8 santimita, sashin tsakiyarsu shi ne ja-ja, kuma a kasan farfajiyar fararen furannin itace akwai launuka masu yawa na launin ruwan hoda. Akwai da yawa wanda aka zana furanni na tsakiya cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Shine Osteospermum (Osteospermum fruticosum)
Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in itace yankin kudu na yankin Cape. Cwararrunta suna iya rufe sararin wurare. Fentin Reed an fentin su da fararen, kodadde Lilac ko ja. An kawo irin wannan shuka zuwa California, inda ya bazu sosai.
Alamar Markis (Oczukumar ayar jucundum)
Wannan ɗan shuka iri ne na ciki na ciki a cikin Afirka ta Kudu. Fulawa tayi kusan shekara-shekara. Furanni Reed suna da launin ruwan hoda-shuɗi mai haske, wanda ya zama duhu zuwa tsakiyar.
Akwai dayawa da nau'ikan wannan shuka, amma har yanzu ba a fayyace su ba har ya zuwa yau. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu sune:
- Bamba. Wannan iri-iri, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan da nau'ikan osteosperm, yana da furanni mafi fadi na fure. Lokacin da kawai suka yi fure, suna da farin launi mai tsabta, wanda ƙarshe ya canza zuwa launin shuɗi.
- Buttermilk. Tsawon bushes yayi kusan 0.6 m. Launin furannin ganye launin shuɗi ne. Furen fure mai haske rawaya, furanni masu tsayi duhu.
- Cannington roy. Wannan bishiyar da ba ta cika lalacewa tana creeping. Girman kwandunan kwatankwacin santimita 8 ne; sun kunshi fararen kaya masu launin shuɗi, tare da tsawon lokaci, launin su ya canza zuwa ruwan lilac-pink.
- Kongo. Wannan nau'in yana da ƙananan inflorescences, kuma launi na fure Reed shine launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda.
- Pemba. Reed furanni a cikin irin wannan shuka ya girma tare a cikin bututu zuwa tsakiyar.
- Lusaka. Reed furanni masu tsayi da shuɗi fata.
- Volta. A farkon, furannin girki suna da launi mai ruwan hoda-lilac, amma sai ta canza zuwa kusan fari.
- Haske mai ƙyalƙyali. Tsawon bushes ɗin ya kai kimanin 0.4 m launi da furannin gefe mai launin fari ne. Akwai ɗigunan launi mai haske akan faranti.
- Sandy ruwan hoda. Bushan daji ya kai tsayi 0.4 m. Launi na kwandunan ruwan hoda, yayin da siffar furannin gefe mai kama da cokali ɗaya.
- Starry ne. Tsawon daji ya wuce sama da santimita 50. Lowerasan da ke ƙasa na fure mai launin shuɗi a cikin rabi shine mai launin shuɗi-launin toka, kuma babba yana da fari.
