Waɗanne ƙungiyoyi tarayya tsohuwar gonar take da su? Da farko dai, waɗannan tsoffin tsoffin gidajen gona ne, waɗanda aka yi watsi da su, abin ba in ciki suna rera waƙa a cikin ayyukan marubutan Rasha da masu ba da labari, a cikin ƙa'idodin Rasha; ra'ayoyin mu game da nawa tsohon lambun ya gani a rayuwarsa da sirrin da yawa yake rikewa a inuwar bishiyoyin da suka yi yawa. Ko wataƙila tunanin yadda aka gaya wa asirin da yawa a cikin shi kuma aka zubar da hawaye. An ɓoye sasanninta mai kyau daga lambun kuma ya ba da lokacin farin ciki na rayuwa. Hakanan, idan wannan tsohuwar lambun ku, yana iya ba da tunanin yara kuma ku tuno da mahimman abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar ku. Yanzu da kuka girma, balaga, kuna son canji. Lambun yana buƙatar sabuntawa.
Hakanan yana faruwa cewa mutane ba su magance gonar ƙuruciyarsu ba, amma kawai sun samo shi daga farkon a cikin tsohuwar hanyar, to ba zai zama mai jin daɗin sake sake shi ba, kodayake mafi kyawun tsohuwar gonar har yanzu ya kamata a kiyaye shi. Lambu suna ganin ya kyautu a koma ga sabuntawa daga lambun, lokacin da bishiyoyi suka kai shekaru 18-20 da haihuwalokacin da aka rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma ingancin 'ya'yan itacen yana taɓarɓarewa, kuma haɓakar shekara-shekara tana iya wuce 10 cm.
Itacen apple © liz yammaDomin fahimtar da masu karatu da kyau, da farko zamu bada ra'ayoyin shahararrun lambu da masu zanen kaya akan wannan batun.
Aukaka itatuwa da tsirrai.
Da farko, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa tsohuwar gonar tana buƙatar sake ginawa lokaci-lokaci. Thinning ya kamata a da za'ayi a cikin girma fruiting lambu. da tsariWannan shine narkar da tsohuwar bishiyoyi da kuma zaɓan kowane ɗan itace bishiyoyi. Wani lokaci, kodayake da wuya, yakan faru cewa dole ne a tumɓuke bishiya bayan mummunan lalacewa ta hanyar mice, hares, wasu kwari ko cututtuka. Yana faruwa cewa ɓangaren kambi ya rushe ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona da iska. A nan muna buƙatar tunani game da abin da ya fi dacewa mu yi: ko don mayar da shi (kodayake wannan yawanci yana da wahala a yi), ko cire wannan ɓangaren gaba ɗaya.
Tsohon itacen apple © John UbangijiKyakkyawan sakamako game da tayar da matattu, tsoho, marasa lafiya, ba 'ya'yan itace' yan damfara-hunturu shine yanki mai yawa wanda aka fito dashi nan da nan a gonar, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don dasa wasu albarkatu, dangane da ainihin yadda suke haske.
Itatuwa itatuwa.
Yana haifar, da farko, don inganta hasken lambun. Ana aiwatar da shi, alal misali, kamar haka: a gefen kudancin shafin, an zaɓi itacen da zai iya yin sanyi-sanyi, an yanka kambi ɗin gaba ɗaya kuma sake sakewa sabo daya ko fiye iri. Lambun tsofaffi yawanci yana ba da isasshen amfanin gona, don haka yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ɗan goya mai ƙarfi daga ɗayan ɓangarorin kambi na ɗaya ko sama. Don yin wannan, ana cire rassan kwarangwal din tare da katako a gindin su ko an canza su zuwa reshe na gefe. Wani lokaci ƙaƙƙarfan yanke gefe ɗaya na kambi na itace mai tsayi dole ne, wanda ya rufe mafi guntu, amma mafi mahimmanci.
Yana faruwa ta wannan: mai lambu ya ga cewa ɗayan hanyoyi a cikin lambun yana da hasken rana, kuma ya yanke shawarar amfani da shi don dasa kowane albarkatu masu ƙaunar haske, ta halitta ƙara isasshen ƙasa mai gina jiki zuwa wannan wurin. Yakan shirya wata sabuwar hanya a ƙarƙashin kambin bishiyoyi masu girma, yana datse wasu rassa waɗanda ke da inuwa kuma ba sa fitar da ingantaccen amfanin gona.
Orchard © Morgaine Wajibi ne don cire wani ɓangare na kambi ko itacen gaba ɗaya ba a farkon bazara ba kuma a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka tsaya ba tare da ganye ba, amma a lokacin da suke ba da babban inuwa. Yawancin lokaci yi a cikin kaka, bayan girbi.
Manomi mai son gona kuma ya kamata ya tuna da bukatar canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a cikin aikin bishiyoyin bushes. Don haka, ta hanyar 10-12 years old blackcurrant bushes kuma bayan an gama shuka gona sosai, ana shuka sababbin tsire-tsire a tsakanin tsohuwar shuki. Ana kuma maye gurbin tsoffin ciyawar rasberi tare da sababbi, amma ana rarraba sababbin wuraren don su. A wuri guda raspberries za a iya girma ba fãce shekaru 12.
Waɗannan shawarwarin ne na sanannun lambu B. A. Popov.
Akwai wani mutum mai ban mamaki, masanin kimiyya tare da ƙwarewa mai zurfi a cikin aikin lambu, wanda aka sani ga yawancin lambu, mai bincike a sashin kiwo na Kwalejin Duk-Rasha na Horticulture da Nursery na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha - Anatoly Mikheev, wanda ya ba da shawarar shawarwarinsa a cikin sabunta gidajen lambuna.
Don haka, masanin ilimin kimiyya ba ya shawara nan da nan don kawar da duk abin da ba dole ba a cikin tsohuwar lambun. Wajibi ne a lura da rayuwar gonar a hankali sannan kawai a ci gaba da sake ginawa. Da farko dai, yakamata ku bincika kowane itace. Dalilan da yasa bishiyun ke buƙatar tumɓuke su sune kamar haka: idan suna da ramuka a cikin su, haushi ya mutu, fasa kuma lalatattu, ci gaban shekara shekara yana da rauni (babu sama da 10 cm). Zai fi sauƙi a yanka itace guda a matakin 40-50 cm daga ƙasa. Idan an kewaye shi da sauran bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, to, ya kamata ku fara yanke rassan kwarangwal (farawa daga ƙasa), sannan ragowar gangar jikin, amma ba a doron ƙasa ba, amma a tsayin kusan 1.5 m: don haka zai zama sauƙi sauyawa yayin tashin sama.
Apple Orchard © liz yammaAn ba da shawarar yin amfani da irin wannan hanyar da aka sauƙaƙe na ɗaga bishiyoyi ta amfani da nitonium nitrate: a yanka itacen kamar yadda ya yiwu, a ɓoye rami a cikin dunƙule (ya fi kyau a haƙa ramuka da yawa tare da rawar soja), a zuba dunkulen ammonium nitrate a ciki, a rufe shi da jakar filastik kuma a ɗaure shi da igiya. A cikin wata daya, saltpeter zai gyara itace ya juye shi da kura. A sararin samaniya, idan ba a rufe shi da sauran bishiyoyi ba, zaku iya dasa sabon tsiro. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a tuna da irin namo da yawan haihuwa da kansu (waɗannan ire-iren waɗannan nau'ikan da zasu iya saita 'ya'yan itatuwa ba tare da kasancewar ire-iren abubuwan kusa ba):
- ba za ku iya dasa itacen apple bayan itacen apple ba, pear a bayan pear, da kuma plum bayan plum;
- maimakon bishiyar itacen apple, ceri, plum, yakamata ya yi girma - kuma iri ɗaya yake da sauran bishiyoyi.
Anti-tsufa pruning.
Idan 20-25 shekara apple da bishiyun pear suna da kututture da manyan rassa waɗanda suke da ƙoshin lafiya, za su iya girma kuma su fitar da albarkatu na dogon lokaci, ko da yake 'ya'yan itatuwa za su yi kankanta a kan lokaci. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar anti-tsufa pruning. A cikin shekarar farko, dole ne a ɗora kambi ga bakin ciki mai rauni - cire rassan perennial. Wannan zai ba da kwarin gwiwa ga farkawar furucin bacci a jikin akwati kuma a gindin rassan kwarangwal. Daga gare su girma tsawo a tsaye harbe, wadda ake kira fi. Shekarar ta gaba, an fi yin fiɗa, ana rufe rawanin, a cikin zobe, ragowar kuma suna gajarta, yana barin kodan gefe biyu ko uku. Runanƙara da zobe shi ne tabbatar da cewa babu kututture da suka rage a lokacin da ake yin kwalliyar, kuma itacen da aka yanke yankan ma ya kasance kuma ba tare da keta haushi ba. Daga girma harbe da kuma samar da wata kambi. A cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku yana yiwuwa a tattara manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Tsohon Orchard © Mark ShirleyA cikin tsohuwar lambun, zaku iya shuka iri iri masu ban sha'awa ta hanyar sake sake wani ɓangare na rassan kwarangwal a tsohuwar bishiyar. The fi su ma dace da wannan. Gaskiya ne, alurar riga kafi dole ne a yi shi sosai saboda sabbin nau'ikan sun zama muhimmin bangare na amfanin gona. Fa'idodin grafting a bayyane yake: saboda haɗin pollination na da yawa iri, 'ya'yan itacen sun fi ɗaure da ingancinsu.
Idan a cikin tsohon lambun ku girma irga, cakulan (chokeberry), daji hawthorn da dutse ash, ya kamata ka rabu da mu da su. Kuna iya shuka nau'in pear a kan waɗannan tsire-tsire (Veles, Chizhovskaya, Thumbelina, Vidnaya). Ba za su dawwama kamar waɗanda aka liƙa akan ɗan itacen daji ba - za su rayu shekaru 15-20, amma a cikin shekara ta uku za su ba da kyakkyawan girbi.
Game da saukowa kawai ceri ɗaya ko itacen plum an bada shawara don zaɓar nau'ikan iri-iri wanda ba ya buƙatar pollination (cherries - 'Molodezhnaya', 'Bulatnikovskaya', 'Rastorguevskaya', 'Pamyat Enikeeva', 'Rusink'; plums - 'Morning', 'Egg blue', 'Blue Kyauta', ') Alexy)). Ko kuma a kambi na iri-iri mai haifar da kansa, in ji 'Skoroplodny', dasa nau'ikan pollinator - alal misali, 'Red Ball' ko kuma wasu nau'ikan cherry plum ('Kuban Comet', 'Traveler', 'Cleopatra', 'Golden Fleece') ana bada shawarar ga Yankin Moscow )
Dole ne a tuna da hakan duk cherries mai zaman kansa ne, kuma domin itace guda daya ta bada ,a fruitan, wajibi ne a shuka wasu nau'ikan biyu ko uku akan sa. A lokaci guda, itacen zaiyi kyau sosai idan don grafting zai iya yiwuwa ya zaɓi iri da launuka iri daban-daban, alal misali, ja mai duhu ('Fatezh'), ruwan hoda ('Bryanskaya ruwan hoda') ko rawaya ('Chermashnaya'). Lura cewa za'a iya siyan itace ko seedlings na nau'ikan da ke sama ba tare da matsala a cikin gandunan daji ba.
Orchard © Laura NolteBushes bushes a cikin tsohon lambu ma na bukatar sake sabuntawa. Wannan aikin zai fi dacewa a lokacin kaka. Misali currant da guzberi na iya girma ya kuma ba da ’ya’ya a wuri guda tsawon shekaru 10-12. Tare da shekaru, ci gaban shekara-shekara ya raunana, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin berries raguwa. An ba da shawarar cewa bushes shekaru fiye da 12-15 shekaru uproot kuma ƙone. A cikin wuraren da ba kowa, ya fi kyau shuka wasu albarkatu - raspberries, kayan lambu, ciyawa na ornamental.
Amma zaka iya yin shi a wata hanyar: cire duka ɓangarorin iska na bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi, kuma samar da sabon kambi na matasa daga rassa masu girma, gajartar da shekarun 1-2 zuwa shekaru 4-8. Ko kuma don haka: yanke tsoffin rassan shekaru 5-7 zuwa gindi, gajarta rassa mai shekaru 3-4 zuwa reshe na gefe da na bakin ciki fitar da bushes, cire mai rauni da kuma rassan thickening. Bayan pruning anti-tsufa, currants da gooseberries za su samar da wani shekaru 5-6.
Muna fatan kuna samun nasarar sake inganta tsohuwar lambun ku!
