Furen cicadas (Cycas) wani wakili ne mai haske na itatuwan dabino na gida, an sami nasarar horar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da katako na cikin gida. Idan kayi girma cicadas kamar yadda gogaggen masu girmar fure suke ba da shawara, wannan itaciyar zata ƙawata kayan ciki fiye da shekaru goma. Idan yanayin kiyaye cycas ɗin ya kasance daidai da bukatun su, to za a iya ƙara rayuwar tsirrai zuwa shekaru 20.
Cicas (Cycas) ko Cycas na gidan Cycadoideae ne. Gida na - Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Wannan ƙaramin rukuni ne na ruwan sanyi da kuma motsa jiki na wasannin motsa jiki. Mun koya game da su daga rahotannin masu binciken Turai na farko na ƙasashen waje masu nisa a ranar Hauwa ta Renaissance. A wancan zamani, da kuma abin da ya gabata, farawa daga “mahaifin botany” Theophrastus, an yiwa kuskuren cygnus dabino na dabino ta kamanninsa na waje.
Sunan asali na wakilan Asiya na tsire-tsire Cycas ko Cycas sun fito ne daga kalmar Girkanci kykas - dabino.
Ainihin rawar da aka taka wajen tantance matsayin Cygnus a cikin tsarin tsirrai na mafi girman tsire-tsire an yi shi ne ta hanyar babban shahararren masanin kimiyyar nan na ƙasar Jamus Wilhelm Hoffmeister (1851). Hofmeister yayi nazarin dabarun haɓaka ("daga spores zuwa spores") a cikin manyan tsire-tsire daga bryophytes zuwa conifers. Ya tabbatar da cewa, abubuwan da ake kira "gawa" na wasan motsa jiki suna dace da archegonia na bryophytes, ferns, da sauran manyan tsirrai marasa girma, da kuma ƙarewar ƙwaya ga mace gametophyte. Saboda haka, ra'ayin zurfin rami mai lalacewa tsakanin “ɓarke” da tsirrai iri sun lalace.
Haka kuma, da Hoffmeister da gaske annabta gano gano cypressereratoatoa. An tabbatar da wannan annabta sosai lokacin da, rabin karni daga baya, a cikin 1896, kusan sau ɗaya a hannun jakunkunan Jafananci S. Hiraze, sannan S. Ikeno, polyergous spermatozoa an samo su a cikin ginkgo da Cycas revoluta, bi da bi. Wadannan binciken sun ƙaddara wurin Cycas a tsakanin manyan tsire-tsire, a matsayin ɗayan tsofaffin rukunin abubuwan motsa jiki.
Adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan Cycas, wanda goma ya samar, bisa ga bayanan kwanan nan, ya kusan zuwa 120-130. Saboda haka, gwargwadon yalwar jinsin a tsakanin wasan motsa jiki, dabino na cycas suna matsayi na biyu bayan conifers.
Rarraba tsire-tsire na dangin Cycas
Ana samun Cycas a duk sassan duniya, ban da Turai da Antarctica. Iyalin Cypress na Amurka sun hada da haihuwa:
Zamia
Ceratosamia (Ceratozamia)
Dioon (Dioon)
Microcicasa (Microcycas).
Ana amfani da Cypresses na Afirka ta hanyar haihuwa:
Encephalarthos (Encephalartos)
Stangeria (Stangeria).
A ƙarshe, yanki mafi yawan (Australia, kudu da kudu maso gabas Asia, tsibirin Indiya da Pacific Ocean) suna da mazaunan jinsunan halittar Cygnus:
Macrosamia (Macrozamia)
Lepidosamia (Lepidozamia)
Yin duka (Bowenia).
Daga cikin na biyun, kawai an rarraba cycad zuwa yamma zuwa Afirka, suna taro a Madagascar. Cycas yana girma, duk da haka, a gabashin gabashin Afirka, a Kogin Zamzizi, amma, kamar yadda suke faɗi, an kawo shi nan a cikin kwanan nan.
Wani sananne a cikin rarraba yawancin jinsunan cycas shine ɗaurinsu ga yankuna na teku na nahiyoyi.
Cycas a mafi yawan lokuta ba sa samar da ci gaba da wadataccen ci gaba: an same su ba da son rai ba, ba sau ɗaya ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni. Fewan nau'ikan kawai ana samun su, sannan kuma a wurare, cikin yalwar yawa, suna ba da takamaiman yanayin don shuka al'ummomin. Wannan ya shafi, misali, don hawan keke. A tsibirin Ryukyu (Japan), yana da tsari, yawanci kusa da gabar teku, yalwatacce, kusan ci gaba ne, lokacin da yake zama tushen tsiro. A Gabashin Ostiraliya, wasu nau'ikan macrosamia suna da babban adadin a cikin al'ummomin.
Cycas sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsiro da tsirrai marasa ƙarfi, iri daya ne a yankuna daban-daban na ilimin halittar jiki, amma ya sha bambam a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa: tare da mamaye bishiyoyin eucalyptus a Ostiraliya, gindin itacen oak a Amurka, tsirrai daban-daban a Afirka.
A gefen iyakar teku, ana samun Cycas ba wai kawai kan tsaunin dutse ba, kamar Tsarin Hawan keke a Japan, amma kuma a cikin al'ummomin tsire-tsire na gabar teku.
Don haka Madagascar Cycas Tuara (Cycas yearsii) Partangare ne na yawanci tsarin Barringtonia na gabar teku.
Ruto Cycas (C. rumphii) an taƙaita shi zuwa yanki mai ɗaukar ruwa na tsibirin na Tekun Indiya.
Zamia Florida (Zamia floridana) wanda aka samo akan murjani na murjani.
Bayanin ganye na cicas da hotunan itatuwan dabino a lokacin fure
Cycas, Cycas, kayan wasan motsa jiki na motsa jiki daga ajin Cycas. Kimanin nau'ikan 20 aka rarraba daga Madagascar da Comoros zuwa kudu da kudu maso gabas. Asiya, Australia da Polynesia. Mafi shahararrun sune nau'ikan 2, 'yan asalin yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya:
Cicas yawo, ko cochlear (C. circinalis), wani lokacin kuma ana kiranta sago dabino.
Cicas drooping, ko lanƙwasa (C. revoluta)horar da shi a cikin USSR a matsayin kayan ado na ornamental a tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus.
Cycas, ko Cycas, shine kawai asalin halittar subfamily. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan iyali guda goma, yana da mafi yawan fannoni, wadanda ke wakilta iri daban-daban a nahiyoyi guda biyu (a Asiya, Australia), da kuma a tsibiran da dama na Indiya da tekun Pacific. Cibiyar mafi girman bambancin asalin ita ce kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda 11 keɓaɓɓun nau'ikan halittar ta.
Cycas yawanci ƙananan tsire-tsire ne mai siffar dabino, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu wasu lokuta sun kai 10- ko ma tsayin mita 15. Runkan wasan, mai santsi a cikin keɓaɓɓun kaya daga tushe na ganye, ana ɗaukar kambinsa tare da dabinbin cirrus (a lokuta mafi ƙaranci, lokutan cirrus sau biyu), a tsakiyar sassan, waɗanda koyaushe sune ɗayan iko mai ƙarfi. Wani kuma wani nau'in siyayyun ganyen ganyen cycad shine sashinsu ya zama cochlearly a cikin koda da kuma farkon farkon ci gaban.
A cikin maza, ƙananan microstrobils, kamar yadda a cikin wasu cypresses, amma a cikin mata, m strobiles ba su da tsari. A saman akwati suka buɗe wani kyakkyawan “abin wuya” na jigilar kaya da kyawu mai launi megasporophylls mai haske
Tsikas, ko cycad, itacen katako, buksus - tsohuwar shuka a duniya. A waje yayi kama da gajerun dabino. Perennial ornamental ganye Evergreen sannu a hankali girma dioecious shuka. Jirgin yana kama da babban harbi. Yawancin ganye suna girma cikin shekara.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, ganyen cicas na cikin gida ya kai tsawon 50 cm:
Ana kiyaye ganyen bar shekaru da yawa.
Amfani dashi azaman shuka na ornamental, yana da kambi mai kyau, ganye mai haske. Lokacin yankan, suna ba shi siffofi daban-daban waɗanda suka daɗe.
A cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana samun itacen katako mai daɗewa, wanda ya kai har zuwa cm 50 ba tsayi. Yana girma a hankali. Madaidaiciya harbe mai danko fita. Ganyayyaki masu haske suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu, koren haske a ƙasa.
A gida, yana blooms da wuya. A lokacin furanni, cicada yana ba da ƙananan furanni, kore, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin ƙananan inflorescences.
Wadannan hotunan suna nuna furanni na cicas:
Fruitan itacen ƙarami ne, a cikin akwati mai sifa. Yayinda tsaba suka girma, an buɗe filayen buɗe. Dankin yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Iri Cycas (Cycas)
Har yanzu ba a fahimci yanayin halittar Cycas ba; akwai daga 8 zuwa 20 na jinsinta (lambar ƙarshe na iya kusanto da gaskiyar).
Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan cycas sune:
Kirkilar Cycas, ko cochlear (C. circinnalis)
Cycodonia cycas (C. neocaledonica)
Cycas (C. revoluta).
Mafi kyawun sanan waje da yanayin haɓakar halitta shine Tsarin Cyclover. A cikin USSR, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'ada a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus (zuwa ƙaramar ƙarancin Crimea). Anan za'a iya gani a cikin tsire-tsire na keɓe ko a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi akan lawns, har ma a cikin kullun. Daga Gagra zuwa Batumi, ana girma a waje ba tare da kariya ta musamman don hunturu ba, kuma a karkashin yanayin Batumi yana da ikon samar da ƙwayaye da iri. Arewacin Gagra, wannan tsiro mai ban tsoro yana fama da ƙananan yanayin zafi: ganye an riga an lalace a -4 ° C.
Cycas - karamin tsire-tsire mai kyawu, kamar itacen dabino, har zuwa 2 mita tsayi, da wuya 3 m (tsoffin samfurori har zuwa 8 m), amma tare da kara lokacin farin ciki, wani lokacin kusan 1 m lokacin farin ciki kuma tare da kambi wanda aka yi da shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu maimakon ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan sauro. a bango na abin da launin rawaya megasporophylls tare da haske mai haske ovules sun fito waje suna kallo.
Wurin haihuwa na wannan kyakkyawan shuka shine tsibiran Kudancin Japan (Yankunan Kyushu da tsibirin Ryukyu), inda galibi yakan samar da manyan dunkulalliya, wanda har yanzu ana karkashinsa sosai.
Ya bambanta da yanar gizo, mai rarrafe, don haka kunkuntar keɓaɓɓun yanayin yanayi, mai jan hankali (C. circinalis) - nau'ikan da suka fi yawa a cikin dukkanin cycas gaba ɗaya: yana da mafi girma, yana shimfiɗa daga gabas zuwa yamma daga tsibiran Pacific zuwa tsibiran Mascarene da ke kusa da Madagascar.
Curled Cycas - kyakkyawan kyakkyawa da shuka, ornamental, kai har zuwa 8 m ba ga tsayi. Yana fasali mai tsawo, mai yawa, ganye mai duhu mai duhu. Kawai matasa ganye suna kiyaye su akan bishiya. Wannan Cycas al'ada ce mai mahimmanci na tropics da subtropics, inda aka girma a wuraren shakatawa da kuma lambunan Botanical. An dasa shuka ne kawai a cikin ciyawar, watau ta hanyar dasa harbe (kwararan fitila), waɗanda aka kafa su da yawa a jikin bishiyar. Ba a yaduwar ƙwayoyin tsaba ta hanyar lalatattun tsaba saboda ƙanshi maras kyau na maza cones, waɗanda suka zama dole don pollination.
Daga cikin jinsunan da ke kusa da Cycas Cycas (C.thouarsii).
Wannan shine wakilin yammacin turai da ke wakiltar halittar dan adam a cikin rayuwar Madagascar a cikin gandun daji na bakin teku a karkashin wata doguwar barringtonia (Barringtonia speciosa) na myrtle. Columnar, sau da yawa ana jujjuya gungumen ƙwayar bishiyar Cyclocyx a sama ya kai girman 10 m, kuma an ce tsaba sun kai girman kwai Goose. Kusa da wannan cycad a cikin yankin shuka wanda ake kira "barringtonia", a kan dunes na bakin teku zaka iya ganin sanannen "bishiyar matafiya" - Madagascar daidai, pandanuses, kwakwa na kwakwa, kuma a kan gangar jikinta orchid yakan zauna - Madagascar vanilla, wadda take a cikin fashewa tsakanin sashin ganye don haɗe-haɗe.
Nau'in nau'ikan Cycas sun bambanta sosai a cikin siffar megasporophylls.
Wannan ya shafi musamman ga Cycar pectinata, wanda ya sami sunan crestate cygnus - saboda takamaiman dissection ɗin farantin megasporophyll, wanda yasa shi kama da murɗa zakara.
Wannan karamar itaciya, tana girma a tsaunuka da filayen India, Bangladesh, Burma da Kudancin Vietnam, suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kambin tsufa, tana mutuwa tana rataye da gungume.
Daya daga cikin wakilai mafi tsayi na halittar Cycas na Murmushe (C. rumphii).
A wasu wuraren girma, ya kai kimanin m 15 a tsawo. Rumfa Cygnus ta sauka a cikin tsaunukan Sri Lanka, a gabar tsibirin Andaman da Nicobar, a tsibirin Sulawesi, Java da New Guinea kuma al'ada ce ta Asiya mai zafi.
Kirkiro Cyclone (C. inermis) kasance daga ɗayan wakilan nau'ikan Vietnamese na kwayoyin.
A karo na farko, an bayyana irin wannan nau'in cycad a cikin 1793 daga masanin ilimin botanist na Loureiro na kasar Portugal. Wannan cycad ya bambanta da sauran danginsa yayin da babu ƙaya akan ganyen ganye. A ƙarƙashin kambin ciyawar na tsire-tsire mata, ana kafa abin da ake kira "abin wuya", an ɗora shi tare da tsaba mai rawaya mai haske, wanda yayi kama da inabi.
Ana iya samun wannan tsire-tsire a cikin Vietnam, yankuna na bakin teku. Mafi yawanci yana zaune a kan tsaunin tsaunuka, tsaunin tsafe tsafe da tsakanin saurukan daji.
Daga cikin nau'ikan cicasis guda huɗu na Australiya, kulawa ta musamman ta cancanci Matsakaici na Cycas (C. kafofin watsa labarai).
Sau da yawa ana samunsa a wurare da dama a kan iyakar arewa da arewa maso gabashin tekun Australia, rahotanni sun nuna cewa ƙwayar wannan cycad a ƙarni na ƙarshe shine ainihin kayan abinci na mazaunan yankin. Girbi na zuriyarsa kawai a kan Tsibirin Arnhemland (arewacin Ostiraliya) ya kai tan. Wannan itace mafi tsayi (tsayi 7 m) dabino mai siffar dabino wanda ya jawo hankalin mahalarta taron balaguron farko na duniya James Cook.
Mai zuwa ya bayyana yadda za'a kula da cicas a gida.
Yadda ake shuka cicada da yadda ake kulawa da dabino a gida: shayarwa da ciyarwa
Cicada na cikin gida shine tsire-tsire marasa fassara. Mafi mahimmanci a gare shi shine zazzabi. A lokacin rani, zazzabi mai iska shine digiri 18-30, a cikin hunturu kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 10-12. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da kake kula da dabino, cicada drooping yana buƙatar zazzabi na 10-12 ° C, kuma idan ana kula da cicas mai narkewa, yana buƙatar zama 16-18 ° C.
Cycas ba shi da haske ga haske. Don kula da cicas yadda yakamata, kamar yadda ƙwararrun 'yan lambu suka ba da shawara, ya kamata a sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakuna masu kyau, masu iska mai kyau.
A lokacin rani, shuka yana buƙatar yawan ruwa; a cikin hunturu, shayar da cicas ya kamata ya zama mafi matsakaici. Ba ya yarda da bushewar ɗakunan cikin gida, koyaushe wajibi ne don fesa.
Don samun nasarar kula da dabino na cicadas a gida, kuna buƙatar yin madadin yumɓu-turf da ƙasa mai ganye, peat, humus da yashi (2: 1: 1: 1: 1). Tsikas na rayuwa tsawon lokaci, amma yana girma sosai a hankali.
Hankali! Lokacin da kake kula da lambun gida, cicada kar ka manta cewa duk sassan dabino suna da guba!
Yana buƙatar ciyar da takin gargajiya, a lokacin lokacin haɓaka mai girma sau 2 a wata.
A cikin hunturu, shayar da fure na gida na cicas yana da iyaka. Ana canza cycad har zuwa shekaru 5 a shekara; a cikin samfuran manya, an maye gurbin saman duniya. Ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin bazara, tsararren tsire-tsire sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3-5.
Lokacin dasawa da dasawa, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa "mazugi" na cycad yana kan saman ƙasa.
Kula da cicas da yaduwar dabino a gida (tare da bidiyo)
A lokacin rani, ana iya saka cicadas na gida a baranda. Idan ganyen shuka ya bushe, to, iskar ta bushe sosai. Ganyen ganye, musamman ma a lokacin hunturu, alama ce ta rashin ruwa na kasar gona.
Pestsarin kwari, na gida, musamman mealybug da sikelin kwari, suna haifar da lahani ga shuka.
"Cones" (harbe na matasa) waɗanda ke fitowa ne kawai a cikin shuka mai girma. A tsaba. Feshi da sauri - a cikin wata daya ko biyu.
Lokacin da zuriya ta yaduwar cicas a gida, tsabtace tsaba suna buƙatar soaked tsawon kwanaki 2 a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi. Kuna iya dasa cicas na cikin gida a cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa mai laushi. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1 cm, an rufe shi da gilashin daga sama. Don tsiro tukunya da tsaba, kuna buƙatar sanya wuri mai ɗumi. Don kula da cicasa na gida kamar yadda zai yiwu, gilashin ya buƙaci a ɗaga shi a hankali daga lokaci zuwa lokaci domin ƙasa ta sami iska. Lokacin da farkon harbe ya bayyana, an cire gilashin kuma saka shi a wuri mai wuta. Bayan shekara guda, ana iya dasa shuka da kayan shuka.
Boxwood mafi yawa ana amfani dashi azaman magani a cikin magungunan mutane azaman wakilin anti-cancer, shima yana da hematomas.
Ganyayyaki suna da tasirin astringent da diuretic. Anyi amfani dashi don rikicewar ciki, jaundice, dropsy. Sago an yi shi daga tushe na shuka, wanda ke da tasiri mai sabuntawa kuma yana taimakawa tsawan rai. Hakanan ana amfani da tsaba don dalilai na magani, amma ba a ba da girke-girke su ba saboda yawan guba na shuka.
