Mutane da yawa fara lambu a ƙarshen kaka kwantar da hankula daga damuwa da barin gadaje har sai lokacin bazara ba tare da kulawa mai yawa ba. Koyaya, waɗanda daga cikin mu waɗanda ke kula da ƙasar fiye da shekara guda, sun san cewa girbin na shekara mai zuwa zai dogara ne akan jihar da gonar take shiga cikin hunturu. Sabili da haka, kafin ku ba da kanku don shakatawa, kuna buƙatar yin wasu ayyukan aikin gona waɗanda zasu zama tushen ingantaccen ci gaba da wadatar kayan amfanin gona, da ƙananan matsaloli a shekara mai zuwa.
Lambar doka 1. Tsabta!
Babban dokar babban yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da ƙaramar farashin aiki aiki daidai ne! Haka ne! Daidai yadda muke kusancin tsabtace gadaje namu na tantance gurbacewar su da cututtuka da kwari. Yawancin waɗannan maƙiyan lambu ba kawai cutar da tsire-tsire ba ne kawai a lokacin, amma, kasancewa kan tarkacewar shuka, cikin nasara hunturu da kuma harba shukar albarkatu na lokutan bazara.
Mun share gonar tarkace na shuka.
Sabili da haka, koda an tattara girbin na shekara na yanzu tare da hankali, ragowar amfanin gona da aka shuka, ciyayi, da tarkace iska na iya tarawa a gadaje. By hunturu, dole ne a tattara su a hankali kuma saka a cikin takin tari, kuma sassan tsire-tsire da cutar ya kamata a cire su daga shafin ko kuma ƙona gaba ɗaya.
Lambar mulki 2. Digirin kaka, a matsayin tushen shirye-shiryen dasa shuki
Baya ga jiyya a ƙasa, ƙasa kuma tana buƙatar digging kaka. A kan wannan batun a yau, da yawa daga cikin lambu suna jayayya, amma idan kuka lura da fa'idar wannan shigar gonar, har yanzu ya zama yana da amfani fiye da cutarwa don aiwatar da shi. Me yasa?
Ruwan da aka tona ƙasa da kyau - Wannan kyakkyawar rigakafi ne a kan hunturu a ciki, cututtukan fata, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari. An cika shi da oxygen. Yana samun ƙarin sako-sako da sako-sako. Tana riƙe dusar ƙanƙara da kyau. Yana da kyau tunawa da danshi spring. Wasu daga cikin ciyawa da suka faɗo bisa shimfidar sa a cikin lokacin girma sun faɗi zurfin daga inda ba zai iya hawa ba. Kuma a cikin bazara, ya fi sauƙi don kula da gado da aka kula tun kaka.
Bugu da kari, hakan ne don digging kaka, yana da shawarar yin babban takin, lemun tsami, yumɓu da sauran abubuwan haɗin da aka inganta don inganta ƙasa. Sai kawai a kaka ne za a iya yin huɗa zurfin gona ta hanyar narkar da ƙasa.
Don haka, ba zai yiwu a sauya gurbin digging na kaka ba, musamman ma yumɓu masu nauyi da ƙasan acid, tare da digging na bazara, tunda suna da ayyuka daban-daban da kuma fa'ida. Kawai akan kasa mai haske ana iya watsi da wannan hanyar aikin gona don yarda da aikin bazara, yana maye gurbin digging kaka tare da kwancewar ƙasa.
Yadda za a yi ta tono ƙasa a faɗo?
Don cimma sakamako mafi girma don digging kaka, kuna buƙatar shirya a gaba:
- matakin farko shine tsabtace gadaje daga tsirrai da aka shuka a kai;
- na biyu - sakin ƙasa domin ya tsokani sabon haɓakar sako;
- na uku shine digo-hunturu kafinta.
Yawanci, ana yin digging kaka a ƙarshen Satumba (inda hunturu ya fara a baya) har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba (inda kaka ke ɗaukar nauyin raguwar zafin jiki). Babban abu shi ne hango ko hasashen lokacin da za'a fara tsawa lokacin ruwan sama.
Ilasa tana fitowa daga ƙarƙashin shebur kada ku sassauta, amma ku bar cikin biyunsu. A cikin wannan halin, yana daɗaɗa mafi kyau, yana tara ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a cikin yankuna tare da ɗan gangara yana riƙe da ruwa mai narkewa.
An zaɓi zurfin zurfin ƙasa dangane da Layer da aka horar. Yawancin lokaci kusan 20 cm ne, amma gaba ɗaya daga 15 zuwa 35 cm.
A kan ƙasashe masu buƙatar ƙara yawan farashi mai sauƙi sau ɗaya a kowace shekara uku, zurfin tono yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar 3-5 cm tare da wajibcin jujjuyar takarda da gabatarwar takin mai magani.
Muna shirya gadaje.
A kan ƙasa mai kyau-horarwa a lokacin digging kaka, ba a juyar da yanki na ƙasa ba.
Lambar doka 3. Rashin daidaituwa
Yana faruwa cewa amfanin gona a kan gadaje sun lalata mummunan cuta da cututtuka sabili da haka ƙasa bayan su yana buƙatar a lalata. Kyakkyawan bayani a nan ba wai kawai yana zurfin tono tare da karkatar tafki ba, har ma shuka ciyawar kore (alal misali, fararen mustard), yaduwar ciyawar rabin-ripened, yaduwar ash, tillage tare da duk wani shirye-shiryen microbiological, yana ci qasa da ruwan zãfi. Idan za ta yiwu, za ku iya dasa ciyawar marigolds ta ƙasa. A cikin yanayin inda babu ɗayan abubuwan da ke sama - a sa ɗamara a gonar ku ƙone ta.
Hakanan akwai magunguna don lalata ƙasa, amma kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai tare da su: bilic - ana amfani da shi watanni 6 kafin dasa shuki a farashin 100-200 g a kowane murabba'in, ruwa na Bordeaux da 2% jan karfe na tagulla - ba a amfani da su sau da yawa Lokaci 1 a cikin shekaru 5 saboda abun da ke cikin ƙarfe.
Lambar doka 4. Hadin Alkairi
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mafi kyawun lokacin rahusa gonar tare da takin gargajiya shine digging kaka. A wannan lokacin, ana iya cajin ƙasa na halitta, phosphorus, potassiumkuma, in ya cancanta, liming, deoxidation, aikace-aikacen yumbu ko yashi.
Lokacin amfani da takin gargajiya, dattin saniya shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. An warwatsa a saman gadaje a cikin adadin 3 - 6 kg 1 sq. m, kuma a hankali tono shi, dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a ranar, zuwa zurfin 15 cm. Sakamakon amfani da taki ana lura da shekaru 4 zuwa 7 (ya danganta da nau'in ƙasa), saboda haka ba lallai bane a shafa shi a shekara, amma ya kamata a shafa kowane 3 - shekaru 4. Bugu da kari, ba duk al'adu suka amsa da kyau da shi ba, sabili da haka, an gabatar da shi a ƙarƙashin mafi yawan amsa daga gare su - dankali, cucumbers, kabeji, tumatir.
Wani zaɓi mafi inganci shine haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta tare da takin mai ma'adinai. Amma a nan ya zama dole a tuna cewa bai da ma'ana don ƙara nitrogen a ƙarƙashin digging na kaka, amma ƙungiyar phosphorus-potassium kawai. Sulfate na potassium na iya zama kyakkyawan zabi anan - yana da sinadarin kalsiyam, magnesium kuma babu chlorine, kuma ana iya amfani dashi akan kowace ƙasa. Don haske yashi da yashi na loamy - kalimag. Na takin mai magani na phosphate - superphosphate, dutsen phosphate.
Muna gina gadaje masu ɗumi.
A taƙaice takaddun takaddun da aka yi niyya da sunan "Autumn" zaɓi ne mai kyau don ƙarshen faɗuwar rana. A yau ana iya samo su a kan siyarwa ba kawai tare da shawarwari don amfani da wata al'ada ba, har ma a cikin fakiti tare da rubutun "na strawberries", "don inabi". Wannan yana sauƙaƙe zaɓin kuma yana tabbatar da iya karatu da rubutu.
Lambar doka 5. Dakin gadaje
Kyakkyawan mai shi baya rasa komai. Sabili da haka, a lokacin tattara tarkace tsire-tsire, yawancin lambu suna samar da gadaje masu dumi. Kayan lambu, tarkacen ganye, yanke yankuna suna zuwa zuwa ramin da aka haƙa. A lokacin hunturu, duk wannan rots kuma ya zama kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki ga tsire-tsire.
Lamba ta 6. Duniya ba za ta zama fanko ba
A cikin yankunan da ke da iska mai ƙarfi, a kan gangara, har ma da ƙasar ta riga ta buƙaci sabuntawa, ƙwararren fasahar agronomic ita ce saukowa don hunturu siderates. Zai iya zama fyaɗe, hatsin hunturu, vetch hunturu ko oats. Bayan gaskiyar cewa tushensu ya kwance ƙasa, kuma ciyawar da ke ciyawar ta zama takin gargajiya mai kyau, za su kawo waɗannan albarkatu da sauran fa'idodi: za su riƙe dusar ƙanƙara a saman ƙasa, suna kiyaye ƙasa daga koyawa da kuma yanayin yanayi, kuma suna hana plantings (alal misali, strawberries) daga daskararren bazara.
Karanta cikakken bayani game da kayanmu: Menene siderata don shuka a cikin bazara?
Zaku iya shuka siderata a matakai da yawa: a watan Agusta, sannan daga baya za a sake yin shuka, ko a watan Satumba. Idan an jinkirtar da kayan amfanin gonar zuwa ƙarshen zamani - to ba matsala - za su yi toho a lokacin bazara kuma har yanzu suna da lokaci don cika aikinsu.
Lambar doka 7. Lokacin sauka
Ba zai zama mai fifikon tunani ba game da tsire-tsire na hunturu kafin hunturu. Amfanin gona da ke dasa a cikin bazara zai fito da makwanni biyu a baya, ya ba da taurare, seedlingsan da ke iya ɗaukar cutar, adana lokacin bazara da kuma bada damar sake shuka. Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka karas, beets, salads, dill da faski kafin hunturu, ana shuka tafarnuwa hunturu da albasa.
Muna gudanar da saukar da hunturu.
Wajibi ne don fara noman hunturu ba tare da tsayawa ba a ƙimar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a cikin 0 ° C kuma ya ci gaba ƙasa da sanyi mai sanyi zuwa farkon gadaje.
Karanta cikakken bayaninmu: amfanin gona na hunturu
Lambar doka 8. Juyin juyawa.
Kuma ƙarshe, juyawa amfanin gona. Halin ƙasa, ciyawar gonar, yaduwar kwari, yawan haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal, da kuma buƙatar sanya takin zamani ya dogara da yadda ake tunani sosai da lura. Sabili da haka, idan ba a can ba - yana cikin lokacin kaka lokacin da gadaje ba su da komai, kuna buƙatar haƙuri, ɗaukar fensir, nazarin halayen al'adu da ƙirƙira shirin don canza su.
Karanta game da kayan juyawa na amfanin gona: Noman amfanin gona na asali da jujjuyawar amfanin gona da kuma hanyoyin biyar na amfanin gona na gida na bazara.
