Mimulus (Mimulus), wanda kuma ake kira gubastikom, wakilin dangin Frim ne. Wannan asalin ana wakiltar shi ne ta tsirrai da tsirrai. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin daji a duk yankuna masu yanayin yanayi banda Turai. A baya, wannan nau'in halittar wani ɓangare ne na dangin Norichen. Sunan kimiyya na tsiro ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "mimus", wanda ke fassara a matsayin "mai kwaikwayo, mime", wannan saboda bambancin launi ne na fure, da kuma nau'ikansa na sabon abu, wanda yayi kama da siket na biri. Wannan nau'in halittar ya danganta kusan nau'ikan 150, yayin da yawancin su a cikin daji za a iya samun su a yammacin Arewacin Amurka a wurare masu laima, da kuma a cikin hamada da tsaunika a tsawan sama da tsawan mita dubu 2.5. A tsakiyar latitude, mimulus bai riga ya sami babban sananne ba tsakanin yan lambu.
Siffofin Mimulus
Itatuwan tsire-tsire Gubastik shine perennial, amma an horar dashi a tsakiyar latitudes azaman shekara-shekara. Amma akwai nau'ikan sanyi masu jure sanyi waɗanda basa jin tsoron frosts har zuwa ƙarancin digiri 20. Tsawon bishiyoyin ya kai mita 1.5, yayin da tsirrai masu tsiro ba girma sama da 0.7 m. Farantin ganye na akasin haka ba kullun ba ne. Sako-sako mara nauyi na rigakafi ya kunshi tabo ko furanni a sarari, suna da tsari mara kan gado kuma ya kai girman 50 mm. Suna da tubular nimbus tare da dicotyledon lebe na sama wanda aka lanƙwasa baya, yayin da ƙananan leɓen kafa uku masu haɓaka sun haɓaka. 'Ya'yan itace akwatin ne a ciki wanda wasu ƙananan launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Akwatin da aka tarwatsa a cikin sassan 2.
Ana yin kwalliyar tsire-tsire na dutsen, furannin furanni da irin wannan shuka, kuma ana girma cikin kwantena da kuma tsarin dakatarwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Mimulus azaman murfin ƙasa.
Girma daga mimulus daga tsaba
Shuka
A cikin yanayin dakin, shuka iri na Gubastik ya zama dole a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris ko na farko - a watan Afrilu. Saboda ƙaramin girman ƙwayar, rarrabuwar sutturar su ta saman dutsen ta zama babban aiki mai wuya. A wannan batun, mimulus seedlings suna buƙatar m tara. Usedasar da ake amfani da ita don shuka ya zama haske da sako-sako, don haka wannan maƙasudi na duniya, gami da perlite da kwakwa na fiber, abu ne mai kyau, kar a manta a zuba ƙaramin yashi mai tsabta a ciki. An kawai shuka tsaba a farfajiya na substrate kuma, ba tare da seeding ba, ana shayar da mai sprayer. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a rufe kwandon gilashi ko fim kuma a saka shi cikin kwanciyar hankali mai kyau (daga digiri 15 zuwa 18). Idan an yi komai daidai, to, seedlings na farko da zaku iya gani bayan kwana biyu ko uku.
Shuka seedlings
Bayan yawancin seedlings sun bayyana, shuka zai iya fara shimfiɗa. Don hana wannan, ya zama dole don sake shirya akwati a cikin wurin da aka fi yin haske da mai sanyaya (digiri 10 zuwa 12). Ruwa seedlings wajibi ne yau da kullun kuma yi da rana. Hakanan, ana bada shawarar tsire-tsire a kai a kai a kai daga bindiga da aka raba sosai. Bayan ganye na hudu na ainihi ya fara nunawa akan tsirrai, zasu buƙaci a daskare su a cikin kofuna waɗanda suka sha bamban. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a dasa tsire 3 ko 4 a cikin kowane kofi. Lokacin da seedlings suka yi tushe a cikin wani sabon wuri, za su buƙaci a ciyar da su, saboda wannan suna amfani da taki na ƙwayar mai rauni daga taro. Karo na biyu kenan da ake fitar da tsire-tsire bayan makonni 1-1.5.
Mimulus dasa a cikin lambun
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Seedlings ya kamata fara taurara a farkon zamanin Mayu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, don rabin wata irin wannan hanyoyin, tsire-tsire suna da lokaci don cikakken dacewa da yanayin tituna. Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe ya kamata a yi bayan yanayin yanayi mai dumi, kuma babu barazanar sanyi na dare, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Mimus za a iya girma a cikin inuwa m, kuma a cikin wurare masu kyau. Ana buƙatar ƙasa ƙasa humus, loamy, dan kadan acidic (tare da peat). Shafin yana buƙatar yin shiri, don wannan suna haƙa, suna matakin ƙasa kuma suna shayarwa. 'Ya'yan iri iri kafin dasa shuki suna buƙatar shayar da su.
Siffar Saukowa
Da farko, shirya rijiyoyin. Girman su da zurfinsa yakamata ya zama irin wannan cewa ƙasa mai haɓaka tare da tushen tushe na iya shiga ciki cikin yardar rai. Dole ne a lura da nisan 0.2-0.3 m tsakanin gandun daji. Dole ne a saka ciyayi a hankali cikin ramuka.
A cikin taron cewa a cikin yankin da ake yin mikusus, bazara tana da ɗumi sosai, sannan shuka iri za a iya yi kai tsaye a buɗe ƙasa daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu. Koyaya, yakamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa matsakaicin iska a cikin rana ya kamata a kiyaye shi a kusan digiri 15-18. An kawai shuka iri a saman fa'idar kuma, ba tare da saka ƙasa ba, an rufe shi da fim ɗin amintattu. Ya kamata a cire tsari kawai bayan bayyanar seedlings na farko. Dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da girma.
Kula da Mimus
Girma gubastik abu ne mai sauki, kamar yadda ake yi inji mai inzali. Don yin bushes ɗin more rayuwa, ƙaramin tsire-tsire dole ne a pinched.
Wannan inji yana da matukar son danshi, dangane da wannan yana buƙatar samar da maimaitaccen tsarin shayarwa, musamman a lokacin rani. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kasar gona kusa da bushes koyaushe ya kamata dan kadan m. Idan ƙananan ramuka sun bayyana a saman faranti na takardar, wannan yana nuna cewa ya kamata a rage yawan shayarwa. Bayan kowace shayarwa, ana bada shawara ga sassauta farfajiya na ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire, yayin da a lokaci guda ake ɗaukar ciyayi.
Ana yin miya babba 1 lokaci cikin makonni 4. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin ma'adinin hadaddun ma'adinai (10 ml na ruwa 15 ml).
Duk tsawon lokacin girma, Gubastik ya yi fure sau 2: a damina da damina. Tsawon lokacin farko na fure shi ne makonni da yawa. Bayan an kammala shi, ya wajaba a datsa bushes a takaice kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a ciyar da su. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, za su yi girma sabon mai tushe, kuma tsirrai za su yi fure har abada. Don kiyaye babban kwalliyar kwalliya ta mimulus yayin lokacin furanni, ya zama dole a cire fure da kuma lokacin da suka fara lalacewa.
Cutar da kwari
Gubastik ya girma a cikin lambu sosai tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Koyaya, seedlings na irin wannan shuka zasu iya samun mildew powdery ko ƙafa na baki. Dole ne a yayyafa ƙwayoyin cuta da maganin kashewa. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, wataƙila wata itaciya za ta kamu da launin toka. Samfuran da aka cutar zasu buƙaci a haƙa shi kuma a ƙone su, saboda wannan cutar ba a koya koya yadda za'a bi da shi sosai ba.
Idan kun shayar da bushes ɗin sosai, gastropods na iya warware su. Don hanawa, ya kamata a sake nazarin tsarin mulki da yalwar ban ruwa, kamar yadda kuma don cika farfajiyar shafin tare da ciyawar ciyawa (sawdust). Hakanan, za'a iya zaɓar waɗannan furanni ta fararen fata da aphids, a cikin abin da za a buƙaci kula da su tare da maganin acar kashewa, alal misali, Aktara ko Aktellika.
Bayan fure
Mimuli sune perennials, amma suna thermophilic. Idan ana so, ana iya ajiye bushes ɗin, idan a cikin kaka an yanke su, a cire su a hankali a ƙasa kuma a dasa a tukwane waɗanda ke buƙatar shigo da su cikin gidan. Don saukowa, ba zaɓi babban iko ba. Wadannan furanni ana sanya su a kan windowsill a cikin dakin kwantar da hankali. Da farko na lokacin bazara, ya kamata a dasa bushes a cikin ƙasa bude.
Nau'in iri daban-daban na mimulus tare da hotuna da sunaye
'Yan lambu suna noma karamin bangare ne na nau'in halittar mimulus. Dukkanin za'a bayyana su a kasa.
Mimulus orange (Mimulus aurantiacus)
Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shine yankuna kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Tsawon irin wannan mimulus ɗin thermophilic shine kusan santimita ɗari. Ruwan yana da haske, fenti a cikin duhu kore. Launi na furanni shine ruwan hoda-kifi ko ruwan lemo, dansandan corolla su kamar mm 40 ne. Gashi mai irin wannan shuka dole ne a ɗaura shi da tallafi, saboda sun tanƙwara zuwa saman ƙasa kuma suka fara yada shi. Irin wannan fure mai ban sha'awa shine mafi yawa ana girma a cikin kwantena, har ma da kwandunan rataye. Don hunturu ya kamata a tura shi zuwa dakin sanyi.
Gubastik rumman (Mimulus puniceus)
Garin haihuwarsa shine Kudancin California, har ma da iyakar Mexico da Amurka. Launin furanni yana da bakin ƙofa. Ana iya fentin su a wasu launuka daban-daban na duhu mai duhu. A corolla, sashin ciki yana da launin ruwan lemo.
Gubastik rawaya (Mimulus luteus)
Mahaifarsa ta Chile ce. An buɗe shi a farkon karni na 18 ta wani firist daga Faransa, Uba Feye, wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Kudancin Amurka. Kuma a cikin 1763, Karl Linney ya bayyana irin wannan fure. Wannan ciyawar da ake shukawa ita ce shekara-shekara. Tsawon rassayen da ya kafa yakai kimanin 0.6 m. Fuskokin ganye na iya zama dandazo ko kuma suna da fitsari, kuma nau'in su na iya zama mai kamannin zuciya ko ƙage, haƙoran haƙora suna gefen gefen. Axillary ko m inflorescences kunshi furanni rawaya. Horar tun daga 1812. Wannan nau'in ana shuka shi ta hanyar lambu ba wuya.
Mimulus Mimulus (Mimulus guttatus)
G.I. Langsdorf ne ya gano wannan nau'in a cikin 1808. A farkon, ana iya samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin yammacin yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Bayan wani lokaci, sai suka watsu zuwa gabas da arewacin babban birni, wannan nau'in ya fito a New Zealand da Turai (a yankuna masu yanayin yanayi). Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan shuka itace filastik da polymorphic. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.8 m. Harbe sun yi daidai kuma an soke su. Launin furanni launin rawaya ne, a saman kuncin Corolla wani abu ne mai duhu. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'in nau'in halitta - Richard Bysshe: launi da ganye ne mai launin kore-launin toka, akan faranti akwai fararen zane.
Gubastik ja (Mimulus cardinalis), ko gubastik mai shunayya
Wannan nau'in ma ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka ne. Irin wannan shuka iri ne ake noma shi azaman shekara-shekara. A pubescent shoot rassan daga tushe. Tsawon karamin bushes yakai kimanin 0.4-0.6 m. Faranti masu siffa-kamannin fararen kwai suna da jijiyoyin jiki da kuma bakin ciki. Furen furannin furanni masu kamshi suna da yatsun kafa biyu; launin su launin ja ne ja. Suna sanya a cikin ganye sinuses a kan dogon pedicels. Horar tun 1853. Mashahuri iri:
- Auranticus. Launin furanni launin ja-orange.
- Cardinal. A farfajiyar furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja akwai rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
- Sarauniya tashi. Manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda an rufe su da duhu kalamai.
- Jar Duni. Launin furanni yana ja.
Mimulus jan karfe (Mimulus Cupreus)
Asali daga Chile. Tsawon irin wannan tsiron mai tsinkaye baya wuce santimita 12-15. Ciyawa mai tushe kawai ya tashi daga saman kasar gona. Furannin axillary suna kan gajerun tsubbuka kuma suna da launin farin-jan ƙarfe ko launin jan ƙarfe, ƙaddarar furanni kusan 30 mm. A lokaci mai tsawo, launin furanni ya zama launin shuɗi-zinare. Noma tun daga 1861. Tsarin lambun:
- Masarautar Red. Corolla ana fentin launin launin ja.
- Andean nymph. A saman kirim mai tsami furanni ne mai launin shuɗi.
- Rother. Launin furanni yana ja.
Primrose chamomile (Mimulus primuloides)
Wannan tsiro na zamani, ba kamar sauran na mimulus ba, ana noma shi azaman perenni. Yawancin mai tushe na bakin ciki ya kai 15 santimita. Soket din ya kunshi faranti na ganye ko kuma bangon ganye. A kan dogon shinge furanni ne rawaya.
Musk Mimulus (Mimulus moschatus)
Wannan nau'in halitta ta Arewa ta Arewa ce. Irin wannan tsiro na tsiro herbaceous yana da harbe-harben kwari da farantin ganye wanda ke sanya gamsai wanda ke jin ƙanshi. The harbe kai tsawon game da 0.3 m, suna iya zama creeping ko kafa. Tsawon faranti masu adawa ba sa wuce milimita 60; suna da siffar m. Diamita na furanni rawaya kusan milimita 25.
Mimulus a bude (Mimulus ringens), ko bude mimulus
Wannan nau'in gubastik na hali ne. Tsawon irin wannan tsiron herbaceous na iya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa 1 mita. An dasa reshenta. M farantin ganye Ana fentin furanni masu launi a cikin lavender launi.
Tiger mimulus (Mimulus x tigrinus), ko mimulus tigrinus, ko manyan dusar ƙanƙan hancin, ko damisa, mamuƙar ƙwayar cuta, ko kuma gubastik (Mimulus x hybridus), ko maximus mimus
Wannan sunan rukuni ne na nau'ikan iri iri da siffofin da suka zama sa'ilin da aka tsallake mimulus rawaya da shuffukan mimulus. An bambanta launi na furanni na waɗannan hybrids da gaskiyar cewa yana da tabo. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsawo na bushes ba ya wuce mita 0.25. Faranti mai siffa-ƙwai-ƙaran-ƙwaya suna da taɓo mai kyau. Abunda aka sanya na fure-fure ko goge na ƙarshe ya hada da furanni masu launuka daban-daban. Wannan nau'in ya fi shahara tsakanin 'yan lambu. Mafi mashahuri iri:
- Ba da tsoro. Launin furanni masu launin ja ne, akwai ruwan ɗigon launin ruwan ƙasa akan ƙasa. Tushen launin rawaya ne.
- Rana a cikin inuwa. Tsawon bushes ɗin yakai kimanin 0.25 m, furanni suna bambancewa.
- Viva. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.25 m A saman furanni masu rawaya akwai manyan aibobi masu launin shuɗi mai duhu.
- Sihiri masu sihiri. A daji ya kai tsayi 0.15-0.2 m. A kan furanni masu launin ruwan-kankara akwai filayen rasberi-ja.
- Sihiri ya hade. A cikin wannan tsiron, tsawo na bushes kusan 0.2 m launuka na pastel suna da mutuƙar magana da sautin biyu.
- Twinkle hade. Wannan nau'ikan iri-iri sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu tsayi daga 0.2 zuwa 0.3 m. Launin furanni ya bambanta: daga lokacin farin ciki zuwa ja zuwa fari, daga tabo zuwa fari.
- Brass Mankiz. Wannan nau'in ampel na matasan yana bambanta ta hanyar fure mai lush. Furanni suna furannin zaki mai kyau.
