Tattaunawa na dogon lokaci tare da pepino ya sa ya yiwu a sani (ko da yake ba gaba ɗaya ba) halayen ɗabi'unsa, fasaha na namo. Amma mafi mahimmanci, yana yiwuwa don daidaita da perennial shrub Semi-lignified shuka, mazaunin kudancin yankin, don yanayinmu kuma ku noma shi a matsayin shuka shekara-shekara a cikin ƙasa bude, samun amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki.
Fasahar aikin gona ta sabuwar nomanmu tana kama da fasahar noma na tumatir, ban da, watakila, ta kiyaye tsirrai a cikin hunturu.
Pepino, Pelon Pear ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi © Gavin AndersonPepino kiwo
Ana iya yadu da Pepino ta tsaba da ƙwaya. Tsaba daga 'ya'yan itatuwa girma suna da halaye na shuka - haɓakawa da kuzari. Mun shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Janairu-farkon watan Fabrairu a cikin wuta mai ɗaukar ƙasa. Su karami ne, saboda haka ba ma rufe su a cikin ƙasa, amma kawai a ɗanƙaɗa su.
Don adana danshi, rufe ciyayi da fim ko gilashi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine 26-28 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-7. A cikin lokaci na ganye na biyu ko uku na gaskiya, 'ya'yan itacen sun nutse cikin tukwane da kofuna, suna zurfafa su ga cotyledons. Don hana cutar ƙafa baƙar fata, mukan yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai ɓoyewa ko pre-zube shi a cikin dasa kwantena tare da maganin daskarar da potassium. Mun rufe zaɓaɓɓun seedlings tare da fim (sama da arcs) don kula da yanayin zafi da ci gaban rayuwar seedlings. A wata na fari suna yin sannu a hankali kuma a lokacin dasa shuki a ƙasa buɗewa suka kai 8-10 cm tsayi, suna yin ganye 7-8.
Yanzu mun sauƙaƙe narkar da shuka. Bayan bincika ƙarfin germination, muna shuka tsaba nan da nan don 2-3 inji mai kwakwalwa. cikin kofuna. A cikinsu, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka (ba tare da ruwa ba) kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Balaguro yana taimaka wa haɓaka haɓakar seedlings. Lokaci yana ajiyayyu kuma tushen tsarin tsirrai baya rauni.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Ade Jade CravenDon girma pepino daga tsaba a cikin mafaka da bude ƙasa, ya kamata ka san cewa har ma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, ba kowane irin pepino ke ba da cikakkiyar tsaba ba. Sakamakon rarrabuwar haruffan varietal, ba kawai seedlings ya yi latti ba, har ma ya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri, wanda ke haifar da asara a cikin tsarkakakken iri-iri.
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hanyar yayatawa da haɓaka pepino da aka dasa itace. Rarrabe guda daga tsire-tsire overwintered ya kamata ya fara a tsakiyar Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, yanke wani ɓangare na apical na shoot tare da ganye 7. Ana cire ƙananan ganye 2, na gaba 2-3 na gaba ana gajarta da rabi don rage nutsar danshi. Tare da rashin tsire-tsire na uterine, ƙananan ɓangaren harba tare da 4-5 internodes kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan dasawa, kuma cirewa da kuma rage ganye.
Zai fi kyau a cire tushen a cikin wani ɓoyayyen ɗan itace, in ba haka ba, a cikin akwati mara ruwa. Wajen sanya peran a cikin akwati kada ta kasance. Ya kamata a sami isasshen ruwa domin ƙananan ganyen ɓauren su nutse a ciki.
Bishiyar Pepino tana kusan kusan kashi 100% ba tare da wani abin ƙarfafawa ba. A zazzabi daki na al'ada (20-24 ° C) bayan kwanaki 5-7, Tushen 1.5-2.0 cm ko fiye da tsawon girma akan tsiro a cikin taro. Wannan shine mafi dacewa lokacin dasa shuki da aka dasa a cikin seedlings ko kofuna na filastik diski. A cikin kasan kofuna, kuna buƙatar yin ƙananan ramuka da yawa don magudana ruwa mai yawa lokacin shayarwa. Soilasa a cikin tanki na seedling ya kamata ya zama sako-sako kamar yadda zai yiwu, tun da pepino Tushen suna kula da rashin iska a cikin substrate.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Re andreasbalzerZa'a iya dasa bishiyoyi a cikin shuka kuma ba tare da dasa tushe a ruwa ba. A wannan yanayin, suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. Yanke yakamata ya kasance cikin ƙasa mai laushi kuma a cikin babban zafi. Irin wannan yaduwar itace a cikin sati biyu. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kwantena tare da tushen kafe, tare da dasa tushen yakamata ya kasance a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin don kula da yanayin zafi mai mahimmanci a wannan lokacin.
Kasar gona shiri da seedling dasa
Pepino ya fi son launin ƙasa mai santsi da acidity na tsaka tsaki. Mafi kyawun magabata sune farkon girbin amfanin gona: kokwamba, albasa, tafarnuwa, wake. Bayan mun girbe kayan, mun sako kasar gona, sako sako, mun toya shi idan zai yiwu kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa ta tsiro, za mu kwance shi don adana danshi kafin dasa. Kafin dasa shuki seedlings a wurin layuka na gaba (nisa tsakanin su shine 70 cm), muna shirya ramuka mara iyaka don ninka girman felu kuma ƙara musu takin gargajiya: bayan wanda ya riga ya hadu - wanda aka ba shi taki ko takin - 3-4 kg / m2, bayan ba a hadu ba - 6- 7 kg / m2 da ash.
Mun dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a farkon watan Mayu, lokacin da barazanar dawowar ƙanƙara ta wuce. Muna nuna layin daga arewa zuwa kudu, shirya seedlings a cikin tsarin duba, zurfafa 2-3 cm ƙasa da yadda ya girma a cikin akwati. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da yamma ko da yamma. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere shine cm 40-50 Bayan an dasa, sai a shayar da tsirrai da ƙasa mai bushe. Wannan yana rage fitar danshi daga danshi kuma yana inganta yanayin rayuwa don 'ya mace. Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, ana maimaita ruwa a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Ure Maure Briggs-CarringtonA cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mun shuka seedlings a lokaci guda kamar tumatir - a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Wannan yana ba ku damar samun cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa 2-3 makonni a baya, kazalika da fadada ciyayi kuma don haka yana haɓaka yawan tsiro. Don kare pepino daga daskararren sanyi, a kan layuka na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, muna kafa tsari mai sauƙi na shinge na katako ko ƙarfafa waya kuma mu rufe shi da fim ko spanbond. A ƙarƙashin fim ɗin tare da jerin tsirrai, mun sanya tef na ruwa mai ban ruwa mara ruwa. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma sun fara girma. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi a cikin ranakun rana (sa'o'i), muna ɗaga ɗayan bangarorin tsari don tsire-tsire su kasance cikin iska da taurare.
Muna bayyana pepino lokacin da yanayin ya tabbata kuma barga (yawanci Mayu 5-10). A wannan lokaci, tsire-tsire suna da lokaci don ɗauka tushe, girma da ƙarfi, suna fara haɓaka mai ƙarfi. Yanzu ne lokacin da za a shigar da trellis. Tare kowane layi tare da wani lokaci na 2-3 m muna hawa cikin ƙasa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi goyon baya (lokacin farin ƙarfe kayan aiki, bututu, da dai sauransu) 70-80 cm m. Mun cire su a cikin layuka uku (bayan 18-20 cm) madaidaiciya waya wacce ba ta yin sag a ƙarƙashin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen.
Makonni 2-3 bayan dasawa, zamu fara nunawa da ɗaure tsirrai. Yawancin lokaci muna barin harbe-2 da aka inganta sosai, sauran ana cire su ba tare da yin nadama ba. An ɗaure harbe na hagu zuwa ƙananan trellis (ƙananan layi na waya): tushe na tsakiya yana a tsaye, waɗanda a kaikaice suna karkatar da gefen zuwa ga bangarorin.
M liyafar a lokacin da girma pepino-uwar yara. A inji sosai m da kuma siffofin da yawa matakai. Ana cire magidanta yayin da suka kai cm 3 a tsayi, suna barin ƙananan kututture (0.5-1.0 cm) akan kara, wanda ke hana bayyanar sabbin matakai a cikin sinadaran ganye iri ɗaya. Ana buƙatar dasa tsire-tsire akai-akai - kowane mako.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Ade Jade CravenYayinda muke girma, mun ɗaure mai tushe zuwa babban trellis. Dankin da ba shi da tsabta ba tare da pinching a ƙarƙashin nauyin wilts ɗin sa mai yawa ba, ya shimfiɗa ƙasa, mai tushe yana ɗauka tushe kuma kusan ba ya yin 'ya'ya.
Pasynkovanie da garter ga trellis suna ba da izinin tsire-tsire don amfani da ƙarfin rana. Ba mu ɗaure 'ya'yan itatuwa zuwa trellis, dogayen dogaye masu dorewa suna sa sauƙi a rataye su akan trellis.
A cikin lokacin girma, tsire-tsire sukan nuna juzuɗewa - matakan da ba a kula da su ba su cika harbin apical a cikin girma da girma 1-2 ƙwanƙwasawa kafin inflorescence na gaba. Barin su daya a lokaci daya a kan kara, ana iya samar da ƙarin kara, tsawan fruiting na shuka.
Carearin kulawa da shuka ya saba: loosening ƙasa a cikin layuka da jere-spacings, cire weeds, watering na yau da kullun, kayan miya, lalata kwari da cuta. Farkon kayan miya na farko ana yin sa ne bayan takeaukakar sun da tushe. Yi amfani da jiko na mullein (1:10) ko saƙar tsuntsaye (1:20). Na biyu muna ciyar da tsirrai a lokacin samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da wadannan infusions ko tare da jiko na taki kore (1:20). Bayan miya, muna shayar da tsirrai. Maganin a kan ganyayyaki nan da nan an wanke shi da ruwa.
Ba mu amfani da takin ma'adinai. Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya amfani da takin ma'adinai (10 g na ammonium nitrate, 15 g na superphosphate da potassium sulfate da 10 l na ruwa) a lokacin fure kuma a farkon yawan amfani.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. © DezidorKwaro da kariya daga cuta
Wani hadadden kwari da cututtuka tare da iyakantaccen tsarin pepino bai inganta ba tukuna. Kawai wasu nau'ikan kwari sun sami sabon shuka mai shuka, yana haifar da lahani a kansa. Daga cikin su akwai irin dankalin turawa, dankalin turawa, mite gizo-gizo, aphids (guna, peach kore), da fararen fata.
Hakanan ana shafa Pepino da cututtuka: ana “dasa shuki” ta ƙafa baƙar fata, tushen ƙwayoyin cuta yana ɓullo da lokacin da ƙasa ke yin ruwa, a cikin rabin na biyu na lokacin girma, idan yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban mai haifar da cutar ya zama, ƙarshen bacci na iya faruwa.
Hakanan tsire-tsire suna kula da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na kwana. An keɓe lokuta na kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayar ganye na ganye - an shafa ganyayyaki waɗanda ke da ƙamshin tagulla suna baƙar fata da baki. Dankin da aka lura da shi sosai yana girma kuma baya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Don hana overgrowth sauran tsirrai ta tsotsa kwari (aphids, cicadas), irin wannan daji ya kamata a cire.
Babu magunguna masu rijista don kula da kwaro a lokacin narkar da pepino a Ukraine. Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya amfani da kwari da ƙwayoyin fungicides da aka ba da shawara don kariya daga kwari da cututtuka na tumatir, eggplant, mallakar ƙungiyar halittu iri ɗaya tare da pepino (dangin nightshade). Masana sun lura da karuwar ƙwayar pepino ga wasu kwayoyi da yawan kuzari mai amfani ga wasu albarkatu na abincin dare. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a fara kulawa da tushe guda ɗaya tare da magani tare da ƙaddarar kwararar haɓaka don tabbatar da cewa babu wani guba na maganin aiki.
Kare pepino daga kwari wajibi ne ba kawai a lokacin rani a cikin bude ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin wuraren gabatar da tsire-tsire na igiyar ciki cikin gida. Yana yiwuwa a iyakance haɓakar cizon gizo-gizo, fararen fata, aphids a cikin tsire-tsire yayin lokacin hunturu ta hanyar kulawa da ƙwayoyin kwari yayin shirye-shiryen da dasawa daga tsire-tsire na igiyar ciki don overwintering. Yi amfani da magungunan da aka ba da shawarar don halakar da waɗannan kwari akan tumatir da eggplants. Idan shirye-shiryen sun dace, ana iya aiwatar da magani tare da cakuda maganin kashe kwari (don kashe aphids da fararen fata) da kuma maganin amo (don kashe ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo). Amma kuna buƙatar yin wannan kafin canja wurin tsire-tsire zuwa ɗakin zama don ƙonewa mara haushi da lahani na shirye-shiryen daga tsirrai da ƙasa.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Vie Carlos VieiraA cikin hunturu, idan akwai buƙatar magani game da kwari, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da kayan ado ko infusions na tsire-tsire mara ƙarfi (marigolds, taba, shag, yarrow, albasa, tafarnuwa), wanda dole ne a shirya a lokacin rani. Fesa tsire-tsire tare da infusions da kayan ado bayan kwanaki 5-7.
Idan babu tsire-tsire phytoncid, amma akwai buƙatar kawar da kwari, ana aiwatar da maganin ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, 500 EC, c. (2 ml da lita 1 na ruwa) ko mai talla, c. r K. (2-2.5 ml da lita 1 na ruwa) a cikin wani ɗaki daban, yana lura da duk matakan aminci. Bayan bushewa, ana shigo da tsire-tsire a cikin falo.
Shiri na tsire-tsire na igiyar ciki
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a kan tsire-tsire har yanzu suna ƙaruwa, kuma ya kamata ku riga ku kula da haɓaka kayan cikin igiyar ciki don kaka mai zuwa. Mun fara girma mahaifiyar masu shan giya daga matakai na tsirrai a tsakiyar watan Agusta domin a karshen kakar girma su suka kirkiro da tsarin tushensu.
Don wintering tsire-tsire za a iya shirya a hanyoyi da yawa:
- Shuka tsirrai matasa daga tsalle-tsalle a cikin watan Yuni-Yuli. Rage babban mai tushe, barin kawai loweran ƙananan matakai. Tushen tsarin tsirrai an riga an kirkiri; ba ya cika yin amfani da 'ya'yan itace. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, tsire-tsire a amince da yanayin hunturu.
- Shuka tsire-tsire daga matakai a cikin rabi na biyu na watan Agusta. Stepsons girma a watan Satumba, tare da farkon sanyaya a cikin fall, basu da lokacin da zasu samar a cikin shuka mai ƙarfi.
Yaran da aka fi sani an shuka su tare da tsire-tsire na uwa, inda za a kiyaye su daga haskoki a cikin gida kuma a basu danshi. - Shuka tsirrai daga matakai na harbi. Don yin wannan, a daji kuna buƙatar barin ɗayan digo ɗaya na ƙananan bene, ba shi damar girma, sannan karkatar da fil a cikin ƙasa. Dangane da ƙasa mai laushi a kan harba, fiye da dozin matakai suna girma kuma sun riga suna da tsarin tushen. Ya rage don yanke tushe da dasa tsire-tsire da aka gama.
Pepino, Pelon Pear, ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. We Philipp WeigellKafin dasa, yanke 1 - 2 ƙananan ganye kuma dasa shuka a cikin akwati, kadan yayi zurfi fiye da ganyen da aka cire, saboda ƙarin tushen sa. A wani ɓangare na iska mai laushi, bar ganye 5-7, daga farjin abin da sabon harbe zai yi girma, samar da ƙaramin tsire-tsire.
Adana tsire-tsire na ciki
Shuke-shuke da aka shirya don hunturu, a ƙarshen Satumba, tare da raguwar zazzabi da dare zuwa 14-15 ° C, muna haƙa tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, ba tare da cutar da tushen tushe ba. Mun sanya a cikin wani akwati wanda yayi daidai da ƙarar farin ciki. A kasan kwandon, zuba lãka da aka shimfiɗa don magudanar ruwa da kuma wani yanki da aka shirya cakuda ƙasa. A cikin kasan akwati muna yin ramuka na magudanar ruwa saboda magudanar ruwan ban ruwa.
Mun bar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yawa don 'yan kwanaki a kan titi domin su fi kyau a ɗauki tushe. Tsarin girma a cikin pepino an tsayar dashi a zazzabi na 12-13 ° C. Saboda haka, ana shigo da tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakin kan lokaci. Mun sanya su a kan windows windows na kangin kudu kuma muna kula da ɗakunan gidaje na yau da kullun.
Shuke-shuke da aka fallasa zuwa gefen arewa, a cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da zazzabi dakin ya sauka ƙasa 10-12 ° C (la'akari da kusancin ganye zuwa firam ɗin taga) na iya sauke ganye. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, bayan makonni 2-3 ganye suka girma a cikin harbe, matakai suna tsiro daga zunubansu kuma a farkon Afrilu za a iya samun tushe don haifuwa. Tsire-tsire suna nuna godiya ga haske, suna ƙara haɓaka, ganye suna samun launi mai ɗumi. Idan ana so, tsire-tsire masu overwintered na iya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin gida (baranda, loggia), dasa shi a cikin babban akwati.
Pepino, Pelon Pear ko Kokwamba mai Daɗi. Leo_BremanLokacin da aka girbi tsire-tsire na mahaifiya mai yawa fiye da yadda za'a iya sanya shi a cikin wuraren zama, tsire-tsire da kanta yana taimakawa wajen magance matsalar ajiya, fasalin ilimin ɗan adam shine halayyar zamani mai mahimmanci a cikin amfanin gona na bishiyoyi da shishika.
Za'a iya ajiye tsire-tsire na Uterine a duka ɗakunan haske da duhu. Shiri don irin wannan ajiyar tsire-tsire kamar haka: ana rage raguwar shayarwa da abinci mai gina jiki, zazzagewa ya zama a hankali zuwa 5-6 ° C sama da makonni 3-4. Tsarin aiki na rayuwa da haɓaka ya ragu, shukawar takan bar ganye.
Gumi don hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal ya kamata ya zama low, samun iska ya zama mai kyau, da kuma shayarwa a matakin saboda tushen ba ya bushe. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, ragowar ya kai tsawon watanni 1.5-2 (Disamba-Janairu).
Tare da farko na yanayin haske mai kyau, ana tura tsire-tsire zuwa ɗakin mai haske, ana shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi, ciyar da girma har tsakiyar Afrilu, lokacin da lokacin ya samo tushe na harbe da girma.
