A cikin zane na tafki tare da ganyayyaki masu layi-layi ba zaku ba kowa mamaki ba. Amma, godiya ga sabon salo na rikitarwa, kundin ciyawar har ma da mafi kyawun ganye-mai siffa suna ficewa koyaushe da ko'ina. Kyau mai haske mai launi mai haske da kama da ƙwallon kwalliya na takin gargajiya yana kawo lafazi na zamani ga ƙirar yankin bakin teku. Kuma kodayake yanayin mangoro ya kasance ɗayan mawuyacin hali da tsirrai na daji (ma'ana saurin yaduwar su), bayyanar su ta cika bukatun ƙirar zamani da ire-irenta. Da girma cikin hanzari, da ciyawar suna ƙirƙirar fararen itace masu ban sha'awa da sauƙi canza yanayin su.
Shingles Coast
Abun ciki:
- Bayanin gonar
- Iri iri daban-daban
- Shugabannin lambu a cikin zane na lambu
- Yanayin girma na shugabannin yau
- Dasa shinge
- Kula da hasken rana a gonar
- Sake bugun
Bayanin gonar
Ga masu kare kai, wanda sunansa kai tsaye yana nuna babban girman girman shuka - ƙwallon kwalliyar 'ya'yan itace mai ƙyalli, yayi daidai don amfani da suna biyu. Ana amfani da ƙarin hukuma "kai-da-kai" a duk lokacin da shahararren sunan "kai-da-kai". Kasancewa da dangin Rogozov (Typhaceae) ana samun sauƙin kimantawa ta bayyanar da shuka.
A cikin yanayi, ana samun kanun labarai a cikin fadama, marshes, kan layin gabar kogi da sauran manyan ruwa na ruwa. Waɗannan su ne tsiren teku na herbaceous perennials cewa ko da a cikin al'adu al'adu ba su yi watsi da daji fushi, kasancewa duk guda m da Hardy shuke-shuke.
Daga cikin al'adun da ake amfani da su wajen kera tafkuna, yana da wuya a yi suna a daidai lokacin da tsire-tsire mai haske da ɗaukar nauyi.
Shugaban (Sparganium) cikin hanzari girma da faɗaɗa yankun su, yana juyawa cikin duffai na ban mamaki na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Halin wuce gona da iri na ire-iren wadannan tsire-tsire lamari ne mara kyau da fa'ida, wanda ke barin alamarsu a kan amfani da su a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, amma kada ku detce da kyau na shugabannin shekara-shekara.
Tushen tsirrai suna ba da shuka tare da saurin yaduwa kuma suna sauƙin yaudara. Akwai nau'ikan Tushen guda biyu a cikin kawunan kai - Tushen fil fil na bakin ciki wanda yake cikin kwalin ruwa kuma yana ɗaukar dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata na abubuwan gina jiki, da manyan manyan tushen da ke sa shuka a cikin ɓoye. Saboda nau'ikan tushen biyu, shugaban acanthus na iya zama duka tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu bakin teku.
Akwai nau'ikan harbe guda biyu a cikin harbe madaidaiciya - madaidaiciya kuma iyo, tare da tsayi ko tsawon har zuwa cm 80. Shuke-shuke suna sauƙin dacewa da peculiarities na wurin kuma canza nau'in girma. Ganyen headwoods suna da kyan gani, suna kama da filaye na bakin teku, amma har yanzu sun bambanta da sauran tsirrai. Sphenoid-lanceolate, lebur, ganye yayi kama da barzahu, irises ko cattails, amma kusa da waɗannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta da su sosai a cikin launi mai cike da ƙarancin tsauri.
Duk da irin bayyanar da ta sha ban sha'awa, yanayin jikin gandun daji ba su da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, suna amsa kullun ga iska mai ƙarfi kuma suna da saukin kai. A cikin ganyayyaki akwai cavana cike da iska. Kamar harbe, tsire-tsire na iya haɓaka ganye da ganyayyaki na ruwa. Tsawon ganyayyaki sau da yawa ya wuce tsawon da harbe, na iya isa daga daya zuwa 2 m tare da matsakaicin nisa na cm 3. Matsakaicin matsakaici akan ganyayyaki an ba da rauni sosai kuma an bayyana shi sosai a cikin lanƙwasa ganye na faranti.
Wannan lokaci na fure da 'ya'ya' ya'yan itace
Lokacin furanni na dazuzzukan daji gama gari yana ɗauka duk lokacin bazara kuma yana gudana daga watan Yuni zuwa Agusta. Illolin da shugabannin bishiyar bishiyoyi ke da ban sha'awa. Kowane peduncle yana ɗauka daga kawuna 6 zuwa 12, "strung" kamar beads a nesa nesa.
Ugananan furanni masu mummuna na bishiyar launin rawaya sune marasa nasara, suna haifar da jin daɗin yadin da aka saka. A kan shuka, abu ne mai sauki ka rarrabe magudanan mace da inflorescences na mata, saboda wanda ya faru ga abin da ke faruwa. Suna zaune a cikin manya da ƙananan sassa na inflorescences, bi da bi, duba jinkirin, godiya ga sepals uku da thinly disamed stamens.
Furen furannin furannin furanni suna buɗewa, amma mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayon yana farawa ne kawai bayan furanni mara kyan gani, ɓangaren ɓangare na inflorescences ya fara bushewa, kuma wasu sifofin mara lafiyan suna fara tasowa daga inflorescences na mata - hadaddun letsa fruitan itace tare da diamita na har zuwa 2.5 cm.
'Ya'yan itaciyar na mangoro suna kama da shinge, suna birgima cikin girgiza cikin tsananin tsoro. Waɗannan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, waɗanda a zahiri sune drupes aka tattara a cikin kawunan, naman da ke samar da haske saboda tsarin spongy.
Launi mai haske mai haske na "shingehogs" yana cakuda daidai tare da ganye, amma sannu a hankali ya canza zuwa launin ruwan tagulla. Bayan 'ya'yan itaciyar sun girma, suna motsawa tare da raɗawar iska a cikin kandami kuma suna iyo kan ruwa kamar iyo. Ballswararrun walƙiya suna ba da madaidaicin kai da sauƙi na rarrabawa, saboda za su yi toho a kowane wuri da aka daidaita su a cikin ɓoye.
'Ya'yan itãcen suna iyo na dogon lokaci akan ruwa a cikin fall, a hankali suna tattara ruwa da faduwa. Ko da a cikin ƙirar jikin ruwa wajibi ne don sarrafa rarraban-shuka, da wuya kusan a hana rarraba shugaban masara.
Gudun ruwa
Iri iri daban-daban
Duk da “irinta” kuma mai sauƙin bayyanar bayyanar, theanjin kan iya yin alfarma game da bambancin jinsi. Daga cikin nau'ikan halitta guda biyu na halitta masu launin rawaya, ana amfani da tsire-tsire 5 cikin yanayin shimfidar wuri. Zaɓin da ya dace na nau'ikan yana ba ku damar samo shugaban kai don warware matsaloli daban-daban - daga ƙattai don manyan tafkuna zuwa ƙarin madaidaicin shugaban kai a cikin ƙananan tafkunan kayan ado.
Mafi mashahuri daga cikin nau'in kai tsaye (Sparganium erectum) - mai ƙarfi perennial tare da madaidaiciya Branching mai tushe da kuma creeping karfi rhizome, kai tsawo na aƙalla rabin mita, kuma a cikin sharadi gwargwado, wani lokacin girma zuwa rabin mita tsawo.
Triangular, lanceolate-xiphoid, kunkuntar, a sifa mai kama da irises, ganye suna kewaye harbe, ƙirƙirar kyawawan sods ko kayan ado. Shugabannin inflorescences suna kama da abin mamaki, suna mamakin kusan tsarin jigilar kayan manya da ƙananan loan tsageran inflorescences wanda ke saman ɗayan. Shugaban fure na fure a lokacin bazara kai tsaye, yana iya yin fure sama da wata guda.
Consideredarancin barbs an taɓa ɗaukarsu azaman dabam - karamin kai (Sparganium sakaci)amma a yau an sake kama su siffar billet kai tsaye (Sparganium erectum subsp. Nema). Wannan karamin aiki ne kuma mafi "mai biyayya" na itace wanda baya girma da sauri da ƙarfi. Harbe ba madaidaiciya bane, amma tanƙwara. Ganyayyaki partially taso kan ruwa kuma sun yi laushi fiye da na “tushe” kai tsaye kai tsaye. Za'a iya shuka tsiro a cikin al'ada da kuma siffofin iyo iyo.
Lokacin da aka girma a matsayin ciyawar wuri mai ciyawa, ana iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin tsawo na 25 cm, kuma a cikin fasalin mai iyo sai ya kusan kusan mita ɗaya. Capan wasan kwalliyar tana yin fure a cikin watan Mayu. Ba kamar sauran nau'in ba, yana samar da ƙarancin maza guda ɗaya.
Guzberi ta Arewa (Sparganium hyperboreum) fararren itace ne mai ƙima kuma mai kyan gani tare da kafaffun furanni masu tasowa waɗanda suke da ƙanƙan da girma a tsawonsu don kunkuntar, mai walƙiya, ganye mai kauri tare da zagaye mai zagaye. Sauƙaƙan kuma gajeriyar inflorescences suna kama da ainihin asali.
Tatse-yisti (Sparganium angustifolium) - wani kyakkyawan nau'in halitta wanda zai iya girma a matsayin perennial ƙasa, amma ana amfani dashi galibi azaman ruwa mai ruwa tare da ganyayyaki masu iyo. Mai tushe mai tsayi, kusan mita, hada daidai tare da kunkuntar mai laushi da lebur mai laushi har zuwa tsawon mm 1. Branching inflorescences tare da launin shuɗi mai ruwan-haske sun ɗan bambanta da daman da aka saba.
Headspace mai sauki ce, ko kuma pop-up (Sparganium emersum) - shuka wanda zai iya girma duka a matsayin tsiren kogi a matsayin ɗan itacen bakin ruwa. Matsakaicin tsawon harbe har zuwa 120 cm, an cimma shi ne kawai a cikin zurfin ruwa a kan canji zuwa nau'i mai iyo. A lokacin da girma zuwa zurfin of 10 cm, shi tasowa a cikin wani nau'i na karamin, m sod perennial tare da mai tushe har zuwa rabin mita high.
Ganyayyaki suna da tsawo, trihedral, mai haske. Inflorescences yana da adadin daidai yake na maza da mata, 'ya'yan itacen suna haskakawa masu kyau, suna canza launi zuwa launin ruwan farin ƙarfe yayin da suke yin fure.
Takaddun yana iyo (Sparganium natans) - perennial mai banƙyama tare da harbe har zuwa 80 cm tsayi, canjin siffar ya dogara da zurfin dasa. Linear ya fita tare da jigilar translucent mafi yawan lokuta tanƙwara, taso kan ruwa ko da a cikin ƙasa. Taqaitaccen inflorescences sune sakamako masu illa, kamar kananan kwallayen 'ya'yan itace kore.
Itace madaidaiciyar ash (Sparganium erectum).
Taken Arewacin (Sparganium hyperboreum).
Itaciyar zuma mai narkewa (Sparganium angustifolium).
Shugabannin lambu a cikin zane na lambu
Shekarar shekaru wakilai ne na tsire-tsire masu ruwa na ruwa. Ana amfani dasu a jikin jikunan ruwa na gado da gadaje na fadada, a wurare masu laka, ko kuma azaman matattara na ƙirar yanayi, da suka rage tsirrai tare da keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓiyar. Amma tsakanin al'adun ruwa na da ruwa, yana da matukar wahala a kira sunayen masu gasa daidai da na kai.
A shekarun an girbe shekarun yaran a matsayin amfanin gona na wuraren bushewa da wuraren bakin teku, gadaje masu ruwa. Amma a cikin Wuraren ana iya sanya su a bankunan da cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Ana shuka Headhands duka a cikin ƙasa kuma a cikin kwantena, yana iyakance yiwuwar rarraba su.
Minimumaramar zurfin nutsuwa don shukar shubuha na shekara 8 cm ne, mafi ƙarancin shine 10-20 cm, kuma mafi girman shine cm 50. Babban zurfin tashin hankali yana tantance yanayin girma - ƙasa ko ruwa. Wannan tsire-tsire ne don ƙirƙirar babban tsararren tsirrai da kuma shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa, gabatar da bambancin kayan rubutu zuwa cikin rairayin bakin teku da wasanni tare da launi.
Takamaiman kai tsaye da sauran manyan kansilolin na bukatar matukar inganci sosai: Tushen tsirrai suna da ƙarfi sosai don wuraren kwalliyar ado waɗanda aka kirkira da taimakon fim ɗin, suna iya zama haɗari sosai.
Ana amfani da garken wuri inda babu haɗarin lalacewar rufin tafki ta tushen - a cikin tafkunan ba tare da firam ba, tare da filastik ko madaidaiciya tushe. Shapearamin nau'i na madaidaiciyar taken da take kan ruwa sun dace da koda ƙananan tafkuna.
Ana amfani da shugabannin shekara-shekara a cikin ƙirar:
- manyan ɗakunan ajiya na halitta;
- raw fure gadaje;
- koguna;
- wurin wanka;
- a cikin tafkunan matsakaici tare da kankare, filastik tushe ko ba tare da tushen firam ba;
- a cikin ƙirar ƙananan tafkuna tare da saka idanu akai-akai;
- a cikin ɗakunan ajiya;
- a cikin magudanar magudanar ruwa.
Daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan bishiyar itace shine a karfafa tekun. Godiya ga rhizome mai ƙarfi, tare da taimakon wannan shuka yana yiwuwa a iya hana lalacewar tekun wuraren raye-raye na halitta, ƙirƙirar shingen yanayi. A wani ɓangare shine wannan ikon da ake amfani dashi yayin amfani da tsaftace wurare da ake amfani da shi a cikin wuraren zubar da ruwa mai matsala.
Duk wani tsire-tsire daga cikin waɗanda ke da ikon girma a cikin zurfin da aka zaɓa ya dace kamar abokan tarayya don shugaban kai. Abin tashin hankali ne, amma baya hana wasu al'adu. Suna da kyau a haɗe tare da tsire-tsire mafi girma na ruwa mara zurfi da yankin bakin teku tare da harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi da ƙananan ganye wanda zai iya kare shuka daga zayyana da iska.
Shugaban shekara-shekara na fure fure.
Yanayin girma na shugabannin yau
Duk da rashin daidaituwarsu, shugabannin rana suna sa abubuwa da yawa akan yanayin girma. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna girma cikin jinkirin guduna ko ruwa mai narkewa, ba sa son kullun hawa da sauka na matakin nutsarwa. Baya ga saukowa zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm a ƙarƙashin ruwa, zaku kula da wasu mahimman abubuwan:
- Shekarar shekara ba al'adun hoto ne ba, wanda ya fi kyau zaɓi wurare masu haske. Suna iya tsayayya da haske, amma ba shading mai ƙarfi ba.
- Ko da yaya irin ƙwaro ke da wuya, sun fi kulawa da takin ƙasa fiye da yadda suke zato. Idan aka shuka tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena, suna amfani da kayan abinci na musamman. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa mara kyau ita ce mafi kyau ma an maye gurbinsu da wani substrate don yin girma na cikin ruwa tsire-tsire.
Dasa shinge
Saboda lamuransu da karbuwarsu, shugabannin shekara suna ba ku damar zaɓar hanyar namo zuwa yadda kuke so. Dangane da manufofin da dabarun shimfidar wuri na gaba daya, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don dasa shuki-rana:
- Fitowa cikin kwantena. Girman katako na cike da ƙasa mai ƙoshin abinci; tabbatar da kwanciyar ruwa mai ƙwanƙwasa a ƙasa. An dasa ingantacciyar shuka a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa tana dafe da ruwa kuma an saita shi a wuri da ake so a cikin tafkin.
- Saukowa cikin ɓoye ko zuwa ƙasa. An tsayar da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa tare da duwatsu ko pebbles, suna haƙa ramuka a cikin girman rhizome da kulawa, da farko, na kwanciyar hankali na shuka har sai an daidaita shi sosai kuma girma ya fara.
Karamin tsari na hawan Birch (Sparganium emersum).
Kula da hasken rana a gonar
Wannan perennial za a iya girma ba tare da kulawa ba. Shuka ba ya buƙatar tsabtatawa na yau da kullun ko wasu matakan don kula da ado. Abinda kawai zai tantance kokarin da yakamata a aiwatar dashi na narkar da bakin launuka shine gano hanyoyin samun ‘yanci ko kadan ga tsirrai (la’akari da rarrabuwarsu).
A zahiri, kula da tsirrai ya sauko don sarrafa ci gabansa da rarrabawarsa. Lokacin da aka girma cikin kwantena, shuka yana buƙatar rabuwa tare da wuce gona da iri tare da mita na 3 zuwa 5 tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin.
Lokacin da ake yin noma a cikin ƙasa, hasken rana yana da kyau ga bakin ciki ko kuma a cire wani abu don rage yankin da shuka take. Harbe bushewa da inflorescences, harma da sassan da suka lalace lokacin hunturu, ana cire su a cikin bazara, kawai a share turmin komai na bushe kuma ba lallai bane. Idan ya zama dole don sarrafa yaduwar, yana da kyau a cire shekara-shekara shuka da sabbin tsire-tsire da suka girma daga tsaba kusa da kewaye na gonar.
Idan tsire-tsire suna girma kamar ƙasa maimakon na ruwa, to, a cikin iska mai ƙarfi bishiyun Birch na iya buƙatar ƙarin kariya ko ɗaure don kare ganye mai laushi.
Al'adun gargajiya na kwari da cututtuka basa fama da ciwon kai. Amma wadannan tsirrai suna bautar tsuntsaye da sauran manyan dabbobi da ke rayuwa a jikin ruwa. Ziyarar waterfowl na iya rage duka ciyayi da kuma kwarjinin kai.
A cikin hunturu, har ma fiye da haka a cikin rami daga wuraren tafkuna, masu kan gado basa buƙatar kariya. A dabi'ance suna da tsananin tsananin sanyi lokacin hunturu, kuma koda sun sha wahala sakamakon yawan zafin jiki mara saurin al'ada, to suna murmurewa sosai.
Sake bugun
Ana iya samun sababbin seedlings a cikin ciyawar kuma daga tsaba. Saboda kyakkyawar germination, sabbin 'ya'yan itace da aka girbe, waɗanda aka girbe daga' ya'yan itatuwa masu bushe, ana iya shuka su a kowane yanki mai laushi, silty, "ambaliyar ƙasa" zuwa zurfin 2 zuwa 3 cm kuma girma 'yan seedlings kamar ciyawar da aka girbe, suna canjawa zuwa kandami bayan kamar yadda reacha reachan seedlings ke isa girman su. Ganyen tsire-tsire ana fito da su ne kawai bayan 'yan watanni, a farkon gina tushen. Yana yiwuwa a tsallake 'ya'yan itatuwa musamman a cikin maɓuɓɓugar don samun isar da kai na halitta.
Saboda haɓakarsa mai kyau, ana iya raba kawuna shekara-shekara ko na bakin ciki, ta amfani da usingan tsirrai don ƙirƙirar sabon tsiron ruwa. Don samun seedlingsan itace mai ƙarfi, yana da kyau a raba shugaban bishiyar sama da shekara 3.
Raba headhands ne da za'ayi ko da yaushe a cikin bazara, bayan ciyayi a kusa fara tashi. An shuka shuka, yana haƙa daji gaba ɗaya, a yanka tare da shebur cikin manyan sassa kuma kowane ɗayansu ana shuka shi daban.
Kuma kuna da ƙwayar tumatir a cikin tafkunan? Raba kwarewar girma shi a cikin sharhi ga labarin!
