Blooming tulips - hoto na ban mamaki kyakkyawa! Dangane da haske da launuka iri-iri, babu wani daga cikin tsiro-tsiran fure-fure da zai iya kwatanta su. Magnificentan girma, hakika ɗanyen kwalliyar Carnival yana ɗaukar watanni 1.5, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayayen su na tsawon shekara ɗaya.
Kadan daga tarihi
Tulip na zamanin da ya sami daɗin soyayya sosai tsakanin mutane daban-daban. Bayani na farko game da shi an haɗa shi tare da Farisa. Yawancin mawaƙan Farisa sun rera wannan fure, kuma Hafiz ya rubuta cewa ko da fure ba za a iya kwatanta shi da budurwar ƙawar tulip ba. Aunar da ke tsakanin Turkawa sun ji daɗin soyayya sosai. A cikin girmama shi, ko da hutu na musamman an gudanar da shi a cikin lambunan Sultans.
Tulips sun isa Turai a 1554: na farko zuwa Jamus, inda suke qawata gidajen Aljannar mai arziki. Sannan sannu a hankali suka bazu zuwa ƙasashen Turai daban-daban, inda masu son tulip masu arziki suka fara tattara tarin kuɗi wanda adadin nau'ikan galibi ya kai rabin dubu.
Amma babu inda sha'awar tulips ta kai irin girma kamar a
Tulip (Tulip)Kasar Holland. A nan ya sami halayen mahaukaci na ainihi wanda ya mamaye duk sassan al'umma. Don kwararan fitilar sababbin nau'ikan sun ba gidaje, shanu, ƙasa mai araha, da wadataccen arziki. Duk wannan ya ci gaba har sai lokacin da gwamnati ta fahimci cewa sha'awar kyawawan tsire-tsire sun zube cikin manya-manyan jita-jita da ke barazana ga tattalin arzikin kasar, kuma ikonta ya dakatar da shi. An rubuta littattafai gaba daya game da "tulip boom", waɗanda suke da ban sha'awa sosai don karantawa yanzu, amma a wancan lokacin kusan bala'i ne na ƙasa.
Tuli, kamar tsire-tsire masu yawa, sun zo Rasha a lokacin Peter I; an shigo da su daga Holland. Yanzu, tabbas, babu wani mutum guda ɗaya a cikin Russia, har ma da ƙaramin jariri, wanda ba zai san wane irin tsiron tulip yake ba, yadda yake. Amma a shekarun da suka gabata akwai wasu kyawawan nau'ikan kyawawan launuka wadanda mazaunan rani ba su ma san da su ba .. Zamu gabatar muku da dan lokaci kadan, kuma yanzu za mu bayyana dukkan sirrin girma wadannan furanni na bazara a kananan gidajen rani.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, domin gamsar da shuka, kuna buƙatar sanin fasalin ta. Abin da za mu yi magana a yanzu kenan.
Albasa - farkon farawa
Bulan fitila mai jujjuyawar hoto ne wanda aka sauya. Bottomashinta ƙasa mai ƙarfi ne mai gajarta ƙasa, kuma Sikeli suna canza ganye. Kwakwalwar kwan fitila ita ce ajiya da sutura. Na farkon su ne na ciki, mai laushi, mai haske (ana iya samun 4-6aya guda 6), ana adana abubuwan gina jiki a ciki. Ryazanta masu bushe na fata suna ɓoye; yana kare kwan fitila daga lalacewa.
A kasan kwan fitila (tare da gefuna) akwai ɗan ƙarami - tushen dutsen, a ciki akwai rukunin tushe na nan gaba. Kuma a cikin tsakiya an kafa farfajiya tare da ganye, wanda ya ƙare tare da fure. 'Ya'yan kwararan fitila ana sanya su a cikin sinus na ɓoyewa da adanar Sikeli.
Bayan fure, lokacin da ci gaban yanki mai iska ya tsaya, sikeli na kwan fitila na mahaifiya gaba daya ya bushe, ya samar da mazaunin sabuwar kwararan fitila. A cikin mafi girma, wanda ke tsakiyar, za'a iya samun ma'aunin 4-5, kuma a lokacin rami, kullun ganyayyaki, kwararan fitila na childa ,a, da tufan farko na fure na shekara mai zuwa.
Kwararan fitila (kwararan fitila)Don haka, daga abubuwan da muka gabata, zamu iya ɗaukar matakan ƙarshe. Duk da gaskiyar cewa tulip shine tsire-tsire na perennial, ana sake sabunta kwararan fitila a shekara. Madadin wanda aka shuka, ɗayan tsoffin sababbi suna bayyana tare da mafi girma a cibiyar.
Yawan kwararan fitila da aka kafa a cikin gida ya dogara da iri-iri, da kan ƙasa da yanayi, da kuma kula da tsirrai, da kuma lokacin dasawa.
Mafi lokaci don tono sama tulips shine farkon yellowing na ganye da kuma masauki (har yanzu kore). Gwajin gwaji na kwararan fitila a wannan lokacin ya nuna cewa har yanzu suna da fari, tare da aibobi daban. Babu matsala ya kamata ku jira har sai ganye sun bushe. A wannan gaba, gida yana rushewa, kwararan fitila suna fitowa daga cikin kwasfa na kowa, kuma zaku iya rasa su a cikin ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar tono tulips a wannan lokacin lokacin da zaku iya ɗaukar shuka ta tushe kuma cire duka ɗakin kwan fitila.
Bayan digging na kimanin kwanaki 7-10, kwararan fitila sun bushe a cikin alfarwa a cikin daftarin a zazzabi na 24-30 ° С. Da sannu zasu bushe, da ƙarancin haɗarin cututtukan fungal na iya kamuwa dasu, tunda ma'aunin kariya na sama zai rufe kwan fitila kuma zai hana kamuwa da cuta.
Bayan bushewa, ya kamata a adana kwararan fitila a cikin yankin da ke da iska mai kyau har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba. tare da zazzabi kusan 17 ° C. Idityarancin zafi ana son 60-70%.
A ina, yaushe kuma yaya shuka?
Kamar duk furanni na bazara, tulips suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci na budding da fure. Wannan haɓaka mai sauri yana barin alamarsa akan bukatun ƙasa. Dole ne ya zama mai hazaka sosai, ya ƙunshi babban adadin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin nau'i mai sauƙi ga tsirrai, suna da kyakkyawar amsawa na muhalli da kaddarorin kyan jiki (isasshen numfashi da ƙarfin danshi).
Waɗannan bukatun an cika su ta hanyar yashi ko hasken loamy, ƙasa mai wadatarwa. Tashin hankali (darajar pH) don tulips na iya zama daga 6.5 zuwa 7.5. A pH da ke ƙasa 5.7 liming wajibi ne. Idan ƙasa ba ta isa sosai, ya kamata a yi amfani da yashi da peat. Tona shi har zuwa zurfin akalla 30 cm.
Tulip (Tulip)Lokacin shirya ƙasa don dasawa na kimanin wata ɗaya, ya kamata a yi amfani da takaddun takin ta 1 m2: takin, humus ko ruwan ƙwaya na peat 10-15 kg, alli ko lemun tsami zuwa 200 g, ash ash har zuwa 200 g, cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai daga 40 zuwa 100 g Ya kamata a tuna cewa 350 g na lemun tsami carbonate a 1 m2 yana ƙara pH ta 1. Fresh taki ba za a iya amfani da shi ba ko kafin dasa, ko azaman babban miya, ko don mulching. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙona tushen da cututtukan fungal.
Don hana cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, tulips ya kamata su koma ainihin wurin dasa su ba kafin 5 bayan haka. Zai fi kyau dasa su a cikin rana, ba a mafaka daga yanki mai ƙarfi ba. Bai kamata a sami raguwar ruwa ba, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da cututtuka irin su typhulosis da launin toka. Abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin yankin da za a shuka tulips ba zai wuce 70 cm ba.
An dasa Tulips tun shekaru goma na biyu na Satumbalokacin da ƙasa zazzabi a zurfin of 10 cm zai zama 8-10 ° C. Kwararan fitila su ɗauki tushe sosai kafin sanyi. Don kyakkyawar haɓaka tushe, suna buƙatar kwanaki 30-45. Idan dasa ya faru daga baya, dole ne a rufe tulips tare da ciyawa zuwa tsayin 10-15 cm.
Tulips ana shuka su ne zuwa zurfin daidai yake da sau uku na girma na kwan fitila, kirgawa daga ƙasa. Manya da aka dasa a nesa na 5-9 cm daga juna, ƙarami - 4-5 cm.
Kula da dokoki
A cikin bazara (nan da nan bayan fitowan), ƙasa a kusa da tulips an kwance shi don buɗe sararin sama zuwa tushen kuma rage ƙazantar danshi. Haka kuma, loosening dole ne a da za'ayi bayan kowace watering, saman miya ko ruwan sama mai nauyi.
A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da tulips sau 3-4 tare da takin ma'adinai. Ana aiwatar da riguna na fari na farko a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin bushe bushe tare da nitrogen: 30-50 g / m2. Na biyu - tare da bayyanar taro na seedlings: 30-50 g na cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai da aka narkar da ruwa, ko tare da sha bayan an bushe aikace-aikacen (bulo 2-3 / m2) Na uku - a lokacin lokacin budadawa, a cikin kayan haɗin yana kama da na biyu. Ana ba da kayan miya na hudun bayan fure, amma ba daga baya ba sai bayan makonni 2: 30-40 g na kowane takin ƙwayoyin phosphorus-potassium.
Tulip (Tulip)Zai fi kyau don tulips yin amfani da takin zamani tare da abubuwan ganowa (aquarin, crystallin, rastrin, nitroammofoska). Amma ba za ku iya ciyar da taki tare da babban abun ciki na chlorine ba, wanda yake cutarwa sosai ga waɗannan tsirrai.
A lokacin girma, a lokacin budding da fure, tulips suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Saboda haka, yin ruwa ya zama na yau da kullun kuma yalwatacce, musamman ma a cikin maɓuɓɓugan bushe. Danshi ya shiga zurfin Tushen, kuma ba kawai rigar ƙasa. Rashin ruwa kawai yana haifar da lahani, saboda yana haifar da ƙirƙirar ɓawon burodi. Dangane da ka’idoji, a kalla a zuba ruwa 10 na ruwa a kan 1 m2. Haka kuma, bai kamata yayi sanyi sosai ba. Watering da ciyar da tulips dole ne ka mai da hankali domin ruwa ba ya faɗuwa a kan ganyayyaki.
A lokacin furanni na tulips, lambu masu gogewa suna aiwatar da tsabtatawa da tsabtace phyto. Varietal tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi a cire duk ƙazamtuwa a cikin abin da ya faru lokacin da aka dasa filayen a yankin ku ta kayan tsabtataccen abu guda-colander kuma kuna son tsaftace shi. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire mara tsabta suna dug da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma aka dasa su a wani wuri. Idan an dasa su a hankali tare da ruwa, za a kiyaye su da kyau.
Tsabtace na ganye yana ƙunshewa cikin ganowa da cire gaggawa daga tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu cuta, gami da waɗanda suka kamu da cuta. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire an haƙa su da tushen sai a hallaka su (ana jefa su cikin rami mai ruwan wuta ko an ƙone su).
Bambancin tulip yana da haɗari matuƙar haɗari, saboda ana ɗaukar wannan cutar ta kwayar cuta da sauri tare da ruwan tsiro kuma yana da magani. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin canjin launi da fure da ganye. Yana da sauƙi musamman a lura yayin lokacin bud'ewa da furanni. A kan furanni masu launin toka, launin rawaya ko farar fata yana bayyana a cikin nau'ikan ƙararraki marasa daidaituwa da aibobi. A cikin furanni masu launin duhu ko kuma a cikin nau'ikan launuka masu launin shunayya, launinsu yana ƙaruwa, wato, ratsi ko raunin jiki ya bayyana duhu fiye da sauran fure. A cikin launuka masu launi biyu-2-3, ana lalata abin da ke nuna yanayin kuma duk ɗaya ne amma a hankali launi ɗaya ya ɓace. Marasa lafiya tsire-tsire raunana, lag a baya a ci gaba da hankali mutu.
Don kaucewa turawa na wannan cuta mai haɗari, dole ne mutum yayi hankali lokacin yankan furanni don bouquet: ya zama dole a lalata kayan (lalatattar) kayan maye (wuƙa, amintattu) tare da maganin 5% na potassiumgangan, giya ko bakara tare da wuta.
Kwararan fitila (kwararan fitila)Koda lokacin yankan tulips, yana da buqatar barin ƙananan ganyayyaki 2 don tabbatar da cigaban al'ada na kwan fitila. Samun manyan kwararan fitila shima yana bayar da gudummawa ga cire furanni kadai, ba tare da ganyayyaki da farfajiya ba (rashin ƙarfi). Wannan dabarar tana ba da babban sakamako idan aka aiwatar da shi a kan kari.
Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin kwanakin 8-10 na fure, tulip yana buɗewa da safe kuma yana rufe da yamma. Don haka dole ne a aiwatar da rashin ƙarfi a ranar ƙarshe ko ranar sakamako na fure, lokacin da fure baya iya rufewa kuma yana shirye don crumble. Ma'anar dabarar ita ce barin kwan fitila ya zama gabaɗaya (kuma yana haɓaka sosai a lokacin furanni), da farko, don hana furewar zubar, saboda wannan na iya haifar da fashewar launin toka a cikin ganyayyaki. Abu na biyu, wannan dabarar ta hana kara zube a cikin kwalaye iri, sannan abubuwan gina jiki daga ganyayyaki zasu tafi kawai da albasa.
Ya kamata a tono kwararan fitila a shekara. Yara ne kawai za su iya barin shekaru 2 idan aka dasa su daban. Idan ka bar manya-manyan kwararan fitila ba tare da tono ba, za su yi zurfin zurfin cikin ƙasa a cikin shekara ta 2 zuwa na 3, kuma ba za ka taɓa tono su ba da tsabta, za su rufe kullun a sararin samaniya mai ƙarfi.
Babban cikin bazara da hunturu
Saboda yawancin nau'ikan tulip iri-iri a cikin girman, sihiri, launi na fure, tsayin shuka da lokacin fure, ana iya amfani dasu sosai don yin ado da lambun.
Tarancin tulips (Groupsungiyoyin Kaufman, Greigi da khalifofinsu) za'a iya dasa su a gaban masu haɗe da rairayin tsaunuka, cikin tsaunukan dutse da ƙananan ramuka. Don yin ado da verandas da baranda, ana iya dasa su cikin kwalaye da kwantena.
Tulips Na Tsaki girma a cikin kowane nau'in gadaje na fure, a cikin shuka rukuni a kan ciyawa, a cikin tsakiyar shirin masu haɗuwa wanda aka haɗe da wasu albarkatu na fure a cikin bazara - muscari, daffodils, hazel grouse, hyacinths, anemones, primroses.
Tulip (Tulip)Tall tulips (Darwin hybrids, masu launi na lilac) suna da kyau sosai ga manyan kungiyoyi akan ciyawa da yankan farce.
Tulips suna da ƙarin fa'idodi: ana iya jin daɗin furanni ba kawai a cikin bazara ba har ma a cikin hunturu.. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar Master Master na tsire-tsire a cikin offseason. A manufa, tilasta tulips ba shi da wuya musamman, amma yana buƙatar kiyaye wasu yanayi, musamman zafin jiki.
Sai kawai manyan, kwararan fitila da aka zaɓi don distillation: diamita daga 3.5 cm, nauyi daga 25. Don kammala aiwatar da ƙirƙirar a cikin kwararan fitila rudiments da petals, stamens da pestles, wanda aka dage farawa a cikin su yayin da suke cikin ƙasa, kwararan kwararan fitila da aka saba a cikin kullun ana adana su don kwanaki 30 a zazzabi na 18- 20 ° C.
Sannan don makonni 13-22 (dangane da aji) ana adana su a zazzabi 5-9 ° C. To, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin zafi mai kyau, ana yin abubuwa masu aiki a cikin kwararan fitila waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar fure mai fure. Idan wannan lokacin bai isa ba ko kuma zazzabi ya yi yawa sosai, to, mai tushe na tsirrai yayin distillation yayi girma sosai, furanni kuma ko a ɓoye cikin ganyayyaki, ko bunƙasa wanda ba a taɓa samun sa ba.
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da tilasta tulips zuwa kwanakin daban-daban. Mafi wuya - da wuri - don Kirsimeti ko Sabuwar Shekara. Ba duk nau'ikan tuli ne da suka dace da ita ba. Sabili da haka, kawai waɗanda ke buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyaya za'a iya amfani dasu. Misali, ire-ire iri iri: Apricot kyakkyawa - ruwan kifi salmon (sanyaya mako 15); Kirsimeti Kirsimeti - ruwan hoda mai launi (15 makonni); Dicks da aka fi so - ja mai duhu (makonni 16).
Don farkon tilasta kwararan fitila an haƙa sama mako guda a baya. Bayan tsaftacewa, zaɓi mafi girma kuma bushe su a zazzabi na 24-25 ° C na makonni biyu. Bayan haka kwana 4 ana zafi a 34 ° C, ana kiyaye kwanaki 25 a 18-20 ° C kuma kwanaki 15 a 17 ° C. Sannan ana sanya kwararan fitila a cikin jaka na takarda kuma daga Satumba 1 zuwa Oktoba 1, an adana shi a zazzabi na 5-9 ° C a cikin firiji.
A watan Oktoba, ana shuka kwararan fitila a cikin akwakun, tukwane, ko tukwane cike da cakuda ƙasa. A cikin kayan haɗin, yana iya bambanta sosai, Babban abu shine ƙasa tana danshi mai ɗaukar hoto, tana numfashi, tare da pH na 6.5-6.8. Kuna iya amfani da yashi. 2/3 na ƙarfin yana cike da ƙasa kuma ana dasa kwararan fitila a nesa na 1-1.5 cm daga juna, a ɗan tura shi ciki. Sannan sun yi barci tare da duniya zuwa saman, wanda zai buɗe bayan ruwa mai wajabta yawa. Ana sanya kwantena a cikin jaka na filastik kuma a ajiye su a cikin bene ko firiji a zazzabi na 5-9 ° C. A wannan lokacin, tushen kwararan fitila na faruwa. Shayar da tsirrai kamar yadda ya cancanta, watau hana ƙasa bushewa.
Da zaran sprouts sun kai tsawo na 5-6 cm, ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa ɗakin mai haske (kusan daga 7 ga Disamba). A cikin kwanaki 2 na farko ana kiyaye su a zazzabi na 15 ° C, to, ya ƙaru zuwa 18-20 ° C. Idan babu isasshen hasken rana, ƙarin haske yana da mahimmanci. Ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Bayan makonni 3, tulips Bloom.
Distillation daga Maris 8 ne mafi sauki. Yawancin nau'ikan daga Triumph da Darwin hybrids sun dace da wannan. An tono ƙwayoyin fitila a cikin lokacin da aka saba kuma ana adana su a cikin yanayin zafi mai zuwa: kwanaki 28-30 a 20 ° C, sannan a rage zuwa 17, kuma daga Satumba 1 zuwa Oktoba 1, ana ajiye su a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 5-9 ° C.
Tulip (Tulip)A dasa a kan substrate kuma a kan Oktoba 1. A cikin ginshiki ko firiji a zazzabi na 5-9 ° C ya ƙunshi makonni 18-20.A farkon Fabrairu, lokacin da huɗun suka kai 5-6 cm, ana sanya kwantena tare da kwararan fitila a cikin ɗaki mai haske tare da zazzabi na 18-20 ° C, inda suka yi fure a ranar Maris 2-4.
Muna iya ba da wata hanyar. Kwararan fitila da aka dasa a cikin lokacin da aka saba a cikin kwalaye ana barin su a cikin filin gonar a cikin ramuka (40 cm zurfi), suna kwance rassan spruce a ƙarƙashin su. Tare da farawa na sanyi, an rufe kwalaye da bushe peat ko bushe sawdust, kuma a saman kayan rufi ko firam ɗin. An kawo dakin 4 makonni kafin lokacin furanni da ake so. Kuma idan sun yi fure, ɗakin ku zai cika da launuka masu haske na lambun fure na Mayu, tuno cewa wasan motsa jiki na tulips hutu ne wanda koyaushe yana tare da ku.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:
- Ippolitova N. Ya.
