Girma a kusan dukkanin shirye-shiryen gidan, kabeji shine mafi yawan gama gari kuma sanannun kayan lambu tare da dankali. Akwai nau'ikan kabeji da nau'ikan kabeji, amma dukkansu suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari iri-iri. A lokaci guda, babban wahalar kare kabeji daga kwari shine undesirability na amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a kowane mataki na ci gaba. Sabili da haka, lokacin kare da kula da kabeji, matakan kariya da iyakance amfani da magungunan kashe qwari suna da mahimmanci.
Cabbage cuta
Daga cikin manyan cututtukan kabeji sune kamar haka:
- Farin fari, tushen kamuwa da cuta wanda sune mycelium sclerotia.
- Dankakken launin toka na faruwa lokacin da aka adana amfanin gona da kyau.
- Kila a tsakanin duk abokan gaban kabeji shi ne ya fi hatsari da tartsatsi. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar naman gwari wanda yake lalata asalin sa.
- Yellowness na kabeji, wanda lalacewa ta hanyar ƙirar ƙasa. Yin amafani da tsiro a cikin tsiro ta hanyar tushe ko lalacewar ganyen kabeji, irin wannan naman gwari yana haifar da motsin ruwa a cikin tasoshin kuma yana haifar da ganye zuwa rawaya tare da wilting na gaba.
- Mosaic na kabeji cuta ne mai hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kuma yana yiwuwa a iya yaƙar ta kawai tare da rigakafin.
- Downy mildew (peronosporosis) ya bayyana a kan ganyayyaki a cikin nau'i mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi tare da taɓa mycelium akan tabin.
- Blackafar baƙar fata tana bayyana ne musamman akan tsire-tsire na shekaru daban-daban kuma yana haifar da duhu daga cikin ɓangaren muhimmi na tushe.
Hanyoyi don sarrafa cututtukan kabeji
Don cin nasarar magance cututtukan kabeji, yana da farko Dole a la'akari da cewa ana iya haifar dasu ta hanyar babban danshi a cikin iska ko ƙasa mai laima. Ganin cewa pathogens na kabeji na iya zama mai dorewa a cikin kasar tsawon shekaru, yana da kyau a canza wurin dasa kabeji kowace shekara, yalwata kayan lambu da ciyar dashi, kare shi daga kwari. Yin amfani da matakan kariya, alal misali, murfin barkono mai zafi, marigolds ko horsetail, ba za a iya warke kawai ba, amma ana kiyaye shi daga yaduwar cututtuka.
Babban abu shine tsari na yaki da cututtukan kabeji yayin fure da kuma fita. Yadda za a magance cutar da ta riga ta kamu da kabeji ta dogara da kowane nau'in cuta ta musamman.
Don magance fari rot, yana da muhimmanci a lura da juyawar amfanin gona na shekara 6-7. Haka za'a iya bada shawarar guda ɗaya don hana ci gaban launin toka. Amma yin gwagwarmaya tare da keel, shine a lalata ciyawar da ke da cuta kuma a lalata ta da sinadarin formalin ko Bordeaux. An kuma lalata tsire-tsire waɗanda ke haifar da yellowness, kuma a cikin bazuwa suna bi da ƙasa tare da maganin maganin sulfate.
Don karewa daga mildew powdery, zaka iya amfani da magunguna na musamman ko magungunan mutane. Don magance ƙafafun baƙar fata, an riga an kula da tsaba tare da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu ko kuma ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Don halakar da spores a cikin ƙasa, an gurɓata ta da ruwan zãfi, lemun tsami wanda aka matse ko kuma maganin potassiumgangan.
Karin kwari na kabeji tare da hoto
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan kabeji na iya zama kwari, daga cikin mafiya hatsarin su ne diban kabeji, aphid kabeji da asu, guguwar gwari da sauran kwari.
Jirgin gicciye shine ƙaramin tsalle tsalle (2-3 mm); yana ɓoye cikin farfajiyar ƙasa. Don rigakafin, ya wajaba a cire duk ciyawa kafin dasa, kuma a cikin yanayin rana don rufe seedlings tare da kayan da ba a saka ba waɗanda ke ba da izinin iska ta wuce. Lokacin da ƙwallon fata suka bayyana, ana amfani da magungunan jama'a ko kuma shirye-shiryen cutarwa mai cutarwa.
Kabeji aphids hibernate a cikin kwai mataki a kan kututture, kabeji tsaba da kuma weeds. A m bayyanar aphids a kan ganye tsotsa ruwan itace daga tsire-tsire take kaiwa zuwa tsame shugaban kabeji, da tsaba ba su kafa a kan gwajin. Yana hana bayyanar aphids ta hanyar sarrafa shafin sosai bayan girbi, lalata ciyawar yau da kullun. Yawancin kwari masu amfani, waɗanda ke jawo hankalin amfanin gona laima (Dill, ƙwayar karas), halakar da aphids. A bayyanar farko, an lalata aphids ta hanyar goge ganyen tare da zane mai laushi a cikin ruwa mai soapy, kamar yadda yayyafa kayan kwalliyar tumatir da tumatir da ƙoda, amai, tafarnuwa, albasa da sauran su.
Tsutsotsi masu guba suna da launi iri-iri, dangane da nau'in kwaro. Adult kwari da larvae ji rauni na inji, tsotsa fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, mutu kashe ganye Kwayoyin. Kabeji Kabeji shine mafi yawan kwaro. Suna da yawa kuma a cikin 'ya mace ɗaya zata iya kwantawa ƙwai 300. Abubuwan da suke cutarwa suna daɗa ƙarfi musamman cikin yanayin zafi, bushewa. Mafi kyawun hanyoyi na magance kwayoyi sune matakan kariya da amfani da abubuwan hanawa kafin fara kwanciyar kwari. Don ɓacin rai, naphthalene, lemun tsami mai tsami, ana amfani da taba, an cakuda shi da sauran kayan abinci. Aiwatar kuma shafawa tare da sabulu bayani ko decoctions na chamomile, fi dankali, albasa husks. Tare da adadi mai yawa, ana amfani da magunguna - kwari.
Kabeji ganye irin ƙwaro yana da babban mazauninsu. Lean itacen ƙwaro mai siffar ƙwai (3-4.5 cm) yana cin manyan ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki ko kuma ci a gefuna. Hanyoyin sarrafa kwaro na gargajiya.
Karatun kabeji ƙaramin labalaba ne, amma masarautar tana da lahani. Ana iya kama bututun ƙarfe a kan gilashin gilashi ko kuma wutar ta kwana. Ana amfani da trichogram mai lalata ƙoshin diro, kuma ana amfani da shirye-shiryen microbio don lalata caterpillars.
Jirgin gicciye shine ƙaramin tsalle tsalle (2-3 mm); yana ɓoye cikin farfajiyar ƙasa. Don rigakafin, ya wajaba a cire duk ciyawa kafin dasa, kuma a cikin yanayin rana don rufe seedlings tare da kayan da ba a saka ba waɗanda ke ba da izinin iska ta wuce. Lokacin da ƙwallon fata suka bayyana, ana amfani da magungunan jama'a ko kuma shirye-shiryen cutarwa mai cutarwa.
Kabeji aphids hibernate a cikin kwai mataki a kan kututture, kabeji tsaba da kuma weeds. A m bayyanar aphids a kan ganye tsotsa ruwan itace daga tsire-tsire take kaiwa zuwa tsame shugaban kabeji, da tsaba ba su kafa a kan gwajin. Yana hana bayyanar aphids ta hanyar sarrafa shafin sosai bayan girbi, lalata ciyawar yau da kullun. Yawancin kwari masu amfani, waɗanda ke jawo hankalin amfanin gona laima (Dill, ƙwayar karas), halakar da aphids. A bayyanar farko, an lalata aphids ta hanyar goge ganyen tare da zane mai laushi a cikin ruwa mai soapy, kamar yadda yayyafa kayan kwalliyar tumatir da tumatir da ƙoda, amai, tafarnuwa, albasa da sauran su.
Tsutsotsi masu guba suna da launi iri-iri, dangane da nau'in kwaro. Adult kwari da larvae ji rauni na inji, tsotsa fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, mutu kashe ganye Kwayoyin. Kabeji Kabeji shine mafi yawan kwaro. Suna da yawa kuma a cikin 'ya mace ɗaya zata iya kwantawa ƙwai 300. Abubuwan da suke cutarwa suna daɗa ƙarfi musamman cikin yanayin zafi, bushewa. Mafi kyawun hanyoyi na magance kwayoyi sune matakan kariya da amfani da abubuwan hanawa kafin fara kwanciyar kwari. Don ɓacin rai, naphthalene, lemun tsami mai tsami, ana amfani da taba, an cakuda shi da sauran kayan abinci. Aiwatar kuma shafawa tare da sabulu bayani ko decoctions na chamomile, fi dankali, albasa husks. Tare da adadi mai yawa, ana amfani da magunguna - kwari.
Kabeji ganye irin ƙwaro yana da babban mazauninsu. Lean itacen ƙwaro mai siffar ƙwai (3-4.5 cm) yana cin manyan ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki ko kuma ci a gefuna. Hanyoyin sarrafa kwaro na gargajiya.
Karatun kabeji ƙaramin labalaba ne, amma masarautar tana da lahani. Ana iya kama bututun ƙarfe a kan gilashin gilashi ko kuma wutar ta kwana. Ana amfani da trichogram mai lalata ƙoshin diro, kuma ana amfani da shirye-shiryen microbio don lalata caterpillars.Kwaro na kabeji seedlings
Kusan dukkanin kwari masu gudana suna da haɗari musamman ga ƙwayar kabeji. Saboda haka, yaƙar su dole ne ya fara da shirye-shiryen ƙasa kafin shuka iri a cikin greenhouse. Kafin dasa shuki seedlings, dole ne a bincika shi a hankali don kasancewar kwari, kewaya. Idan ya cancanta, kula da dacewa tare da infusions da kayan ado, an gwada su tsawon shekaru. Hanyoyin girke-girke kan yadda za a magance kwari na kabeji da cututtuka ana samun su a adadi mai yawa akan Intanet kuma an zaɓi mafi dacewa ga wannan yanayin.
