Cattleya flower photo Yadda za a yi Cattleya Bloom Cattleya percivaliana albaCattleya (lat. Cattleya) - wani nau'in nau'in orchids ne mai kyau tare da kyakkyawan bayyanar. Cattleya sananne ne don rashin fassararsa a cikin kulawa, ana iya girma ba kawai a cikin yanayi na ɗaki ba, har ma a ofisoshi, cibiyoyi daban-daban. Godiya ga tsarin da aka kirkira shi ya sami nasarar jure fari kuma baya buƙatuwa sosai a kan gumi.
Yawan nau'in Cattleya yana da juyayi. Pseudobulbs suna da tsawo (kusan 15 cm tsayi) da kauri, kowannensu dauke da faranti 1. Ganyen suna da fadi, har zuwa tsawon 30 cm, fleshy, farfajiyar fata ce.
Cattleya Bloom wani extravaganza ne mai kyau da ƙanshi. Infaya daga cikin inflorescence daukawa fiye da guda biyar Corollas. Furen yana da siffar lebe mai ban mamaki da inuwa mai bambanci da sauran. Petals suna da yawa, tare da nuna fiɗa. Tsarin launi yana farawa da dusar ƙanƙara-fari kuma yana ƙare da launin shuɗi mai duhu, kusan inuwa mai duhu. Tsarin furanni yana da mahimmanci: yana da lush, waxy, yana riƙe da ɗanɗano na dogon lokaci. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙanshi kamar Lily, Lily na kwari, da kuma ire-iren tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar wari mara sabanin. Af, orchids ba su da ikon haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen, duk da tsananin ƙanshi.
Ta yaya Cattleya blooms Yadda Cattleya yayi hoto
A cikin yanayin halitta, Cattleya ya zama ruwan dare a Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. An fara gano shi a cikin 1817 a arewacin Brazil. Dayawa daga cikin botanists sun shiga cikin gano da bayanin sabon shuka, amma an ba da sunan wannan tsiro don girmamawa ga William Cattleya. Shine wanda ya fara samar da fure na orchids a cikin yanayin da ake yin alakar.
Dankin yana ƙarƙashin kariya ta musamman. Dukkanin nau'ikan Cattleya an haɗa su a cikin CITES Convention (Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Internationalasa ta Duniya a cikin Abubuwan da ke Halakar daji Fauna da Flora). Loversaunar Orchid ko masu girki na fure (farawa) na iya haɓaka wannan tsiro na musamman a gida.
Yanayin Cattleya girma
Don tabbatar da haɓaka al'ada kuma, mafi mahimmanci, fure, yana da mahimmanci don samar da yanayi kusa da mazaunin halitta.
Don haka, Cattleya purple, da ke zaune a cikin kwari na Amazon, yana buƙatar kullun zafi, danshi da kusan zafin 100% iska. Yanayin rayuwa na nau'in Cattleya guttata, Cattleya nobilior, Cattleya intermedia sun bambanta sosai - suna girma cikin yanayin bushewa, galibi a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye tsakanin tsirrai da cacti, inda yawan zafin jiki sama da 35 ° C. Ana samun nau'ikan Cattleya velutina, Cattleya bicolor a cikin tsaunukan jihar Minas Gerais na ƙasar Brazil. Akwai yanayin zafi matsakaici, guntun iska kusan kashi 70%.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Yi la'akari da yanayin mafi kyau duka don haɓaka Cattleya a gida. Asalin wurare masu zafi yana ba da damar yin tsayayya da yawan zafin iska na yau da kullun har zuwa 30 ° C yayin lokacin dumi, amma kewayon 22-26 ° C ya fi dadi. Arancin cikin dare zuwa tazara tsakanin 18-20 ° C. A cikin hunturu, kula da yanayin zafin rana na 18-22 ° C, da kuma zafin rana na 12-15 ° C. I.e. Cattleya yana girma sosai a yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin al'ada. Don haɓaka furanni, yana da mahimmanci don hana shuka daga matsanancin zafi. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, goge faranti tare da laushi mai laushi mai laushi.
Haske
An rarraba walƙiya mai haske. Akwai buƙatar hasken rana kai tsaye, amma 'yan awanni kaɗan kawai a rana. Kun san kanku ne kai tsaye zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye, adultan tsire-tsire ne kaɗai za su iya tsayayya da tasirin hasken rana kai tsaye. Sanya shuka a kan windows ko kudu maso yamma. Lokacin da aka sanya shi akan taga na arewa, kazalika da lokacin hunturu, za a buƙaci ƙarin wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi. Wannan ana yin wannan ta hanyar mai kyalli da fitilun fitila.
Kuna iya tantance cancantar haske ta yanayin ganyayyaki - a kullun suna da launi mai ciyawa. Idan faranti ganye samo launin shuɗi-kore, rasa haskenta mai haske, ya zama dole a iyakance tasirin hasken rana kai tsaye akan shuka. Koren duhu mai duhu na ganye yana nuna rashin haske.
Yadda ake kulawa da shanya a gida
Furen gida na kula da furanni
Babban abu a cikin girma kowane orchid shine don cimma fure. Kula da kiwon dabbobi ba ƙaramin aiki bane, za a buƙaci ƙaramin ƙoƙari don nasarar haɓaka da fure.
Yadda ake ruwa
A lokacin rani, Cattleya yana buƙatar wadataccen shayarwa, amma tsakanin hanyoyin dole madaidaicin ya bushe gaba ɗaya. An fi so a aiwatar da saman ruwa ta hanyar wucewa da ruwa ta hanyar yin ruwa. Tabbatar cewa ruwa ba ya shiga cibiyar girma - wannan yana tsoratar da lalata. A lokacin lalacewar jiki, ana rage girman kai zuwa lokaci-lokaci don yayyafa abin da ya canza daga kyawun feshi. Idan saukad da ruwa ya faɗo a kan shuka (a lokacin sanyi), tabbatar da shafe su da bushe bushe, in ba haka ba za a rufe ganyen cikin duhu mai duhu.
Tare da bayyanar peduncle, ci gaba da yawan shayarwa. Wanke Cattleya a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka ba mai ƙyashi ba ne (aiwatar da aikin kamar sau 1 a kowane wata a cikin lokacin girma). Hanyar za ta wartsake Cattleya, ruwan da zai gudana zai tabbatar da tsarkake ma'adinan. A cikin matsanancin zafi, zaku iya fesa shuka. Don shayarwa da kuma fesawa, yi amfani da ruwa mai taushi (narke, ruwan sama, mai tacewa, ko ruwan famfo, amma a bar tsayawa aƙalla awanni 24).
Jin zafi
Cattleya girma a cikin dakin yanayi ne tsinkaye zuwa matakin zafi iska. Amma a lokacin rani, lokaci-lokaci sanya tukunya na orchid a kan kwalin cika da ruwa. Wannan yana da tasirin gaske akan ci gaban tushen saiti.
Yadda ake ciyarwa
Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin zamani a lokacin bunƙasa mai aiki, a lokacin ɓataccen Cattleya baya buƙatar ciyar da shi. A matsayin babban riguna, ana amfani da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. A cikin farkon farkon girma, amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen sau da yawa. A ƙarshen lokacin girma, amfani da potassium da phosphorus. Kuna iya amfani da tsari na musamman don orchids, amma a maida hankali ne ½ ko ¼ adadin da aka bada shawarar akan kunshin.
Yadda ake yin Cattleya fure
Yadda ake yin Cattleya fure fure Cattleya Ruth Gee Diamond Jubilee
Cattleya baya yin fure da rashin ingantaccen yanayi (hasken wuta, zazzabi sama) da kuma isasshen kulawa. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da sauye-sauyen yanayi da na yau da kullun - mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ke haifar da aikin Cattleya. Don tabbatar da fure, dole ne orchid ya girma da kyau, don haka kar a manta da kasancewar abubuwan gina jiki (takin ƙasa).
Lokacin hutawa
Kasancewar ko rashi, lamba da tsawon lokacin hutu ya dogara da nau'in. Yawancin nau'ikan halittu da hatsi a cikin lokacin fure wani sabon ci gaba mai yiwuwa ba zai yi aiki ba har tsawon watanni. Wasu kuma "huta" tsawon lokacin bayan balaguron sabon ruhu har zuwa bayyanar farfajiya. Don haka, idan an lura da fure a cikin kaka, to, Cattleya zai kasance yana hutawa har sai lokacin bazara.
A lokacin dormancy, ana yin saurin shawo ruwa (kamar sau biyu a wata), zazzage iska ya ragu, amma ana barin matsanancin wuta sosai. Takin yana tsananin contraindicated. Ba za ku iya fesawa ba, kula da gumi ta hanyar lokaci-lokaci sanyawa kan pallet da ruwa.
Cattleya dashi a gida
Yadda za'a watsa hoton Cattleya
Cattleya orchid yana da hankali ga dasawa, yana dawo da ƙarfi na dogon lokaci bayan aikin. Canza wuri kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, lokacin da shuka baya dacewa a cikin tukunya ko kuma abin da yake canzawa ya zama wanda ba a iya amfani da shi (ya zama acidified, m, ko mataimakin shi, ya faɗi baya).
A cikin yanayin halitta, Cattleya yana jagoranci epiphytic (yana girma akan kututturen bishiyoyi) ko lithophytic (girma a tsakanin duwatsu) hanyar rayuwa. A cikin al'adun gargajiya, wannan orchid an girma ne a kan shinge na haushi, a cikin kwandunan rataye ko a cikin kwantena tare da keɓaɓɓiyar substrate. Tukunyar filawa na iya zama filastik, amma tukunyar da ba ta haɗa kwalba ta fi dacewa; ramukawan malami mai kyau wajibi ne.
Zabi Substrate:
- Universal don girma orchids;
- Osmund Fern Fibers;
- An ƙarami da ƙananan siket na pine tare da ƙari na ƙanshin sphagnum.
Yi amfani da guda na polystyrene kamar magudanar ruwa. Jiƙa haushi na 'yan kwanaki a cikin ruwan dumi, sannan magudana ruwan. Idan iska dakin ya bushe sosai, ƙara perlite zuwa cikin substrate.
Haɗewar hanyar dasawa tare da haifuwa, a cikin akwati ɗaya bai kamata ya zama fi 5 pseudobulbs ba.
A hankali cire tsire daga cikin akwati, riƙe sashin da ke ƙasa na minti 30 a cikin ruwa mai ɗamshi don ba da izinin madadin ya jiƙa da kyau. Da kanka cire haɗin Tushen ba tare da lalata su ba, ya fi kyau a yi wannan a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Lokacin da duka keɓaɓɓen ya canza, bincika ingancin asalin sa. Yanke gawa (ɓarna), ɓarna ko sassan da suka lalace. Yanke tare da wuka mai kaifi ko fatar kan mutum. Yayyafa wuraren yanke tare da gawayi foda ko bi da magani mai guba (wani ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate ya dace), bar tsarin tushen bushe kaɗan a cikin wuta, sannan ku raba (idan lokacin yayi daidai) kuma dasa shuki a cikin kwantena daban.
Yadda ake juya Cattleya, kalli bidiyon:
Cattleya kiwo
Cattleya na cikin gida ya yadu ta hanyar ciyawa - ta rarraba daji. Kuna iya rarraba bushes sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, lokacin da tsire-tsire suna hutawa. Kowane delenka ya kamata ya ƙunshi pseudobulbs guda uku, ma'anar haɓaka da kuma asalin tushen rayuwa.
Cattleya daji rarrabuwa akan bidiyo:
Cutar da kwari
Idan an samar da yanayin ba daidai ba na kulawa da kulawa, shanya tana cikin haɗari - ana iya cutar da cututtuka da kwari.
Yi la'akari da cutar Cattleya:
- Grey rot
Tsibiri na duhu mai duhu tare da zane mai laushi, ya bayyana a faranti na ganye. Wannan yana faruwa saboda babban zafi a hade tare da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da magani tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
- Baki rot
Dalilin shi ne tsawan lokacin bayyanar zuwa ƙarancin iska. Cire wuraren da abin ya shafa, tare da maganin Bordeaux ko wani kashe-kashe. Idan mummunan lalacewa, za a buƙaci musanyawa mai sauyawa (dasawa).
- Powdery mildew
An gane shi ta kasancewar ƙwayar launin toka ba kawai akan ruwan wukake na ganye ba, har ma akan buds. Sanadin cutar kututture shine yawan zafin jiki da sanya ruwa a cikin kasar. Don magani, bi da sulfur colloidal.
- Kwayan kwayan cuta
Cutar ta danganta launin ruwan tabar ganye da kuma bayyanar duhu a jikinsu. Yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa tare da wuka mai kaifi, bi da fungicide.
Cattleya karin kwari sune:
- Aphids
Insectsanan ƙananan kwari na koren launi ko baƙar fata wanda ke lalata ganye, buds, inflorescences, sune wakilai na cututtukan fungal da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Zaka iya kawar dasu ta hanyar magani tare da ruwan soapy na yau da kullun.
- Spider mite
Mafi yawan lokuta suna bayyana tare da bushe iska a cikin ɗakin. Za'a iya gane kwaro ta gaban gidan yanar gizo na bakin ciki. A shafa aɓen auduga tare da sabulu da ruwa sannan a goge faranti a ɓangarorin biyu.
- Garkuwa
Kwalaben launin ruwan kasa suna fitowa akan faranti na ganye, wanda dole ne a cire shi a hankali tare da goge goge ko goge haƙori. Yi aikin fungicide.
Cattleya ba tare da tushen sake buɗe bidiyo ba:
Wasu lokuta yakan faru cewa an bar Cattleya ba tare da tushen ba. Saboda yuwuwar orchids, yanayin yana da sauƙin gyara. Sanya shuka a cikin bayani tare da haɓaka mai haɓaka, tare da bayyanar Tushen, dasawa cikin musanya. Bayan sake tsarin tushen tushe, tabbatar da kulawa ta dace.
Nau'in Cattleya tare da hoto da take
Fiye da nau'ikan Cattleya na 65 an san su. Hakanan akwai wasu hybrids da iri - akwai dubunnan su, akwai gibiyoyi da crumbs a tsakanin su, tare da furanni guda ɗaya da inflorescences masu yawa, sun bambanta a cikin lokaci da tsawon lokacin fure, amma dukansu sun haɗu da kyau ta ban mamaki. A cikin labarin ɗaya, ba shi yiwuwa a lissafa kuma mu bayyana duka Cattleya, za mu bincika wasu daga ciki.
Cattleya Bowringiana
Cattleya Bowring Canaya bracing
Haya daga gandun daji na Guatemala. Tana da manyan faranti na ganye. Yawan inflorescence ne mai yawa. Girman danshi mai nauyin 3-7 cm ne. Lebe lebe mai ruwan hoda ne, an rufe shi da duhun duhu, a gindin akwai fararen fari ko launin shuɗi, furannin launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Tsawon farfajiyar silinda zai iya isa ya kai 70 cm, lokacin da ya yi girma a cikin gida an iyakance shi zuwa 30-35 cm. Fulawa tana faruwa a cikin watan Oktoba-Disamba kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 2-3. Wani ɗan gajeren lokacin hutu yana faruwa ne a watannin hunturu.
Cattleya fatanerri
Cattleya Skinneri Catnerya skinneri 'Casa Luna' hoto
Gida da bayyanar suna kama da nau'ikan da suka gabata, amma furanni yana faruwa ne a watannin bazara.
Cattleya Forbes
Cattleya Forbes Cattleya Forbesi hoto
Asali daga Brazil. Karamin fure mai bakin ciki kusan 10-20 cm ne .. Furanni suna da girma (har zuwa 10 cm a diamita) a cikin tan. Lokacin fure ya faɗi ne a watan Mayu-Agusta, zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 1-2. Ra'ayin ba shi da adon ado idan aka kwatanta da sauran, amma ya banbanta cikin unpretentiousness wajen barin sa da tabbacin fure shekara. Ana iya bada shawara ga farawa archdioces.
Cattleya Warszewicz ko kuma giwar Cattleya warscewiczii
Cattleya Varshevich ko babban hoto Cattleya warscewiczii
Epiphyte, wanda ke zaune a tsaunukan Colombia, ya fi son wuraren da ke kusa da tafkuna. Wannan nau'in girma ne: aljanin ya cika fuska, ya kai tsayi na 30 cm, kowannensu yana samar da farantin karfe ɗaya na fata mai ruwan hoda. Tsawon ganye yakai cm 10-30. Tsakanin mita rabin-rabi yana ƙare tare da inflorescence na rabin-rabi wanda ke ɗauke da corollas 3-10. Zurfin diamita na corolla zai iya kaiwa 25 cm.
Lebe tare da gefuna wavy, tsayawa tare da wuta mai launin ja da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, filayen suna da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Ana iya lura da ruwa a cikin makonni biyu a cikin watan Mayu-Yuni. A cikin gidajen kore, an horar da nau'in tun karni na 19; a yanayin dakin yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali (bambance-bambancen zazzabi, zafi mai zafi, ruwa da kuma kayan miya).
Cattleya lubed Cattleya labiata
Cattleya lubed Cattleya labiata hoto
Mahalli na arewa maso gabashin Brazil. Pseudobulbs sune fusiform, 15-25 cm tsayi, dan kadan kauri, an rufe shi da membranous launin toka-kore Sikeli. Kowane pseudobulb yana yin takardar guda ɗaya. Leaf faranti har zuwa 25 cm tsayi, leathery, babba gefen ba notched. A saman sandar a watan Satumbar-Nuwamba, an bayyana tseren tsere, wanda ya ƙunshi furanni 2-3. Suna da girma - sun kai diamita na 20 cm. Lebe yana da girma, lobed uku, tsakiyar lobe tare da wavy gefuna, hue-purple da launin rawaya mai haske a gindin, a gefe - a nannade; fure-fure ne wavy, ruwan hoda, lilac.
Cattleya biyu sautin Cattleya bicolor
Cattleya biyu sautin Cattleya bicolor hoto
Tsarin orchid mai farenti 30-60 cm, tsinkayen Corolla yana da kusan cm 10. Petals ne tan, lebe yana da hue mai launin shuɗi tare da gefuna mai haske. Lokacin fure yana sauka akan lokacin kaka-hunturu.
Cattleya Trianaei
Cattleya Triana Cattleya Trianaei hoto
Yankin farfajiyar yana da tsayin mitan nisan mita, kuma nunin furanni ya kai cm 20. Kayan fure farare ne mai ruwan hoda, lebe mai rasberi mai haske tare da farin iyaka. Fulawa yana faruwa a cikin hunturu da bazara.
Cattleya matasan Cattleya hybrida
Cattleya matasan Cattleya hybrida hoto
Manufar ta haɗu da yawancin nau'ikan halittu waɗanda aka kirkiro ta hanyar haɗin gwaiwa mai rikitarwa da nau'ikan shayarwa.
Shahararrun hybrids:
- Eclipse - matasan-manyan-fure tare da launuka masu ruwan hoda;
- Margaret Degenhardt Saturn - da dama tare da furannin rasberi, ana lura da furanni sau biyu a shekara;
- Earl imperials - wani dusar kankara-fari iri;
- Miyuki Little King - iri ne mai saurin girma tare da furanni rasberi;
- Luteous Forb shine karamin nau'i mai ƙima tare da ƙarancin ƙima inflorescences.
Cattleya matasan hoto
Cattleya hybrids tare da wasu nau'in orchids suna yaɗu. Leliocattles - sakamakon tsallaka tare da furanni, madogara na gaba tare da brassavola ya haifar da bayyanar brassoleliocattles. Kasancewar sofronix yayi aiki a matsayin bayyanar sofrolileocattles, ana bambanta su da inuwa mai haske na inflorescences da ƙananan girman. Tsarin ƙwayar potinar shine sakamakon tsallakewar abubuwan haɓaka huɗu da aka bayyana a sama.
