Kowa yasan wannan karamar kyakkyawan itace, farkon wanda zai zo da rayuwa bayan hunturu a cikin lambuna. Da farko, dusar dusar ƙanƙara tana saki leavesan ganye biyu, kuma ba da daɗewa ba furanninta fure tare da farin karrarawa. Ko dusar ƙanƙara ko sanyi ba ta jin tsoronsu. Kuma yanzu, yawancin fararen karrarawa suna ƙawata gonar ... Idan gadaje furenku ba su da dusar ƙanƙara, tabbatar da dasa su. Za su kasance farkon waɗanda zasu ba da sanarwar cewa bazara ta zo. Kuma dasa shuki da kula da dusar ƙanƙara ba koyaushe masu rikitarwa ba. A cikin wannan ɗaba'ar, zamuyi musayar cikakkun bayanai game da dusar ƙanƙara mai girma.
Santana
Bayanin Botanical na shuka
Snowdrop, galanthus (lat. Galanthus) - asalin halittar perennial ganye na dangin Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidaceae).
Asalin halittar ya danganta kusan nau'ikan 18 gama gari a Tsakanin Tsakiyar Turai da Kudancin Turai, Crimea, Caucasus da Asiya .arami. Yawancin dusar ƙanƙara, kusan nau'ikan 16, ana samun su a cikin Caucasus. Ainihin adadin nau'in tsire-tsire yawanci ba ya wanzu. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa botanists sau da yawa baza su iya yarda ba ko tsire da aka samo za'a iya danganta shi da sabon jinsin ko kuma ya bambanta sosai da wakilan wakilan da aka riga aka sani..
Dusar ƙanƙara tana da ganyayyaki biyu masu layi-layi 10-20 cm tsayi, waɗanda ke fitowa lokaci guda tare da shinge. Furanni suna da guda ɗaya, masu kararrawa, karkarwa. Fuskokin fari na ganyayyaki shida: waɗanda uku na waje suna elliptical ko obovate, waɗanda ciki suna da fasali, a saman akwai tabo mai launin kore, tare da ko ba tare da ƙira ba.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, furanni na dusar ƙanƙara suna da dadi sosai, amma ƙanshi mai rauni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - ƙananan akwatuna masu zagaye tare da sassan yanki guda uku, inda ana adana seedsan baƙar fata. Abubuwan suna da kayan farawa mai daɗi don jawo hankalin tururuwa, waɗanda suke kwashe tsaba kuma suka yada tsire-tsire.
Kwararan fitila na dusar ƙanƙara ba a'a ko kuma conical. Kwan fitila rukuni ne mai ɗaukar nauyin lokacin farin ciki (ganye da aka gyara), an dasa shi a kan tushe mai kauri na gama gari - ƙasa (ingantaccen ingantaccen itace). A cikin sinuses na Sikeli, an aza ƙananan buds, waɗanda ke ba da kwararan fitila 'yar. Sikeli na sama suna da bakin ciki, bushe, yawanci duhu kuma yana kare kwan fitila daga lalacewa.
Dankalin dusar ƙanƙara da kanta tana hidimtawa don tara abubuwan abinci don tsirrai su tsira daga yanayin yanayin muhalli a hutawa. Zaman lafiya na iya wuce har zuwa watanni tara a shekara, kuma tsiron ya sami damar tsiwa cikin sauri a farkon lokacin da ya dace. Ana rufe kwan fitila mai dusar ƙanƙara tare da fatar launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa.
Ba tare da togiya ba, duk wakilan halittar dusar kankara na kariya ne, kuma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan suna kan gab da halaka, kuma zaka iya ajiye su ta haɓaka da al'adu.
Dusar dusar ƙanƙara ta sami suna don iyawar shuka ta fadowa daga ƙasa kuma ta yi fure tare da farkon hasken rana mai sanyi lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kaɗan. Sunan Latin don dusar kankara, “Galanthus”, da alama tana da tushen Girkanci, ma'ana “fure madara”. Wataƙila, kyakkyawan launin dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance a cikin wannan sunan.
Akwai almara da yawa game da dusar kankara. Daya daga cikinsu yana cewa lokacin da Allah ya kori Adamu da Hauwa'u daga Firdausi, akwai lokacin hunturu a duniya kuma yana yin dusar ƙanƙara. Hauwa'u ta yi sanyi ta fara kuka. Ta yi baƙin ciki tuna da gidajen aljanna mai ɗumi. Don ta'azantar da ita, Allah ya juya 'yan ƙanƙanyen' kankara zuwa furannin dusar ƙanƙara. Don haka furannin farko a duniya, wataƙila, dusar ƙanƙanra ce daidai.
Danshi
Dasa dusar kankara
Mafi kyawun lokacin saya da dasa kwararan fitila shine Yuli-Satumba, lokacin da tsire-tsire suke hutawa. Tare da dogon kaka da dumi, lokacin da aka bada izinin dasa shimfidawa har zuwa farkon Nuwamba. A cikin kasuwar mai son, ana sayar da dusar ƙanƙara sau da yawa a cikin fure, wanda ba shi da kyau a gare su: nan da nan bayan dasa, ganye za, juya rawaya, sannan mutu gaba ɗaya. Amma albasa, duk da cewa ya raunana, yana raye. Gaskiya ne, shekara mai zuwa irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu rauni ko kuma ba za su yi fure ba kwata-kwata, amma har yanzu ba sa mutu.
Zaba albasarta lafiya
Lokacin da kake sayen kwararan fitila na dormant, yana da matukar muhimmanci a duba yanayin su. Ya kamata su kasance mai yawa da nauyi, tare da adana ɓoye, ba tare da Tushen Tushen Tushen da kuma mai tushe ba. Koyaya, tushen daskarewa da mai tushe har yanzu yana halatta, kawai irin wannan kwan fitila dole ne a hanzarta dasa. Utsungiyoyi a kan kwan fitila an yarda da su, amma akan sikeli ne kawai. Kada ta lalace, kuma dole ne a tabbatar cewa raunukan sun bushe kuma ba ta shafi masana'anta ba.
Ko da kwararan fitila dauke da kwandon kwalliya (sassan jikin sikeli), amma kyakkyawar gudummawa da kodan, zai kasance mai yuwuwa. Kar a sayi kwararan fitila da suka karye da kwarkwata. Yankunan masu laushi a ƙasa ko a bangarorin, musamman tare da harsashi mai peeled, yana nuna juyawa. Bulbsan fitilar Rottenrop na kusan rashin yiwuwa a warke.
Bulbsan fitila na dusar ƙanƙara ba su jure bushewa mai tsawo ba. Zai fi kyau kada a ajiye su a cikin iska sama da wata guda, kuma idan ba zai yiwu a shuka su ba, to sai a zuba su da ɗanɗano, ɗamarar ruwa, da sauransu, sannan a saka su cikin jakar filastik tare da ɓatar da iska. A wannan tsari, yawanci suna kan siyarwa kuma an adana su tsawon watanni 2-3.
Siffofin ƙasa
Kwararan fitila ana shuka su a matsayin babban mulkin: a cikin ƙasa sako-sako da zurfin daidai yake da kwararan fitila biyu, a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi - zuwa zurfin ɗaya. Amma a cikin kowane akwati, ba ƙasa da cm 5. Snowdrops kansu suna tsara zurfin dasa. Idan an shuka su da zurfi sosai, suna samar da sabon kwan fitila a farfajiyar, tuni a zurfin da suke buƙata. Gabaɗaya, tsananin kiyaye zurfin dasa don ƙananan albasa zaɓi ne. Kawai tare da matsayi mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa, kwararan fitila suna ƙarami, amma suna haifar yara masu himma, kuma lokacin da zurfi, zasu zama babba.
Wuri: a cikin inuwar amma rana tana samarwa, a cikin ƙasa mai kyau tare da magudanar ruwa; lokacin da ake canza nau'in daji, an zaɓi wurin da yafi haske.
Zazzabi: hunturu-Hardy al'adu.
Ilasa: haɓaka mafi kyau akan isasshen danshi, sako-sako, ƙasa mai cike da kayan abinci bayan aikace-aikacen humus ko takin. Babban, bushe da ƙanana, tare da tsayayyen ruwa, dusar ƙanƙara ba ta haƙuri. Clayasa mai yumɓu mai nauyi yana buƙatar ƙari da yashi.
Watse: shayar da tsire-tsire matasa bayan germination; sai a shayar dashi kawai idan ba'a samu ruwa sosai ba.
Santana
Kulawar Snowdrop
Kada a yanke ganyen Snowdrop har sai sun mutu gaba daya. Yayin haɓakar aiki, ana amfani da takin mai magani na inorganic. Da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen ba a ke so ba. Zai fi kyau idan suna da ƙarin potassium da phosphates. Babban adadin nitrogen yana haifar da wuce haddi na ganyayyaki, wanda a cikin rigar yanayi na iya zama tushen cututtukan fungal. Har ila yau, potassium yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar lafiya, kwararan fitila mai kyau-hunturu, kuma phosphorus yana da amfani musamman ga fure.
Yayin haɓaka aiki, ƙananan albasa suna cinye ruwa da yawa. Yanayin yawanci yana samar da isasshen ruwa a lokacin da ya dace, amma idan lokacin bazara baiyi dusar ƙanƙara ba ko kuma bazara ta zama ta bushe, lallai ne sai ka shayar da tsirrai zuwa ga mai girka da kansa. Ruwa dusar kankara ba aiki mai nauyi ba ne, suna da tsayayyen fari kuma ba za su mutu ta kowane hali ba. Kawai girma
Bayan tattara tsaba, zaku iya mantawa game da su. A nan gaba, dusar ƙanƙara ba ta buƙatar kulawa har zuwa ƙarshen kakar. Koyaya, suna iya shuka iri da kansu. Don haka fara rayuwa kenan.
Snowdrop yaduwa
Tsire-tsire suna yaduwar ciyawa, suna samar da kwararan fitila ɗaya ko biyu a lokacin bazara. Musamman mai aiki shine dusar ƙanƙara mai walƙiya: ana kafa kwararan fitila 3-4 a ciki. An dasa dusar kankara bayan mutuwar ganye a ƙarshen watan Agusta da farkon Satumba. Tsire-tsire suna dasawa a cikin bazara a lokacin fure kusan koyaushe mutu. Ya kamata a aiwatar da juyawa bayan shekaru biyar zuwa shida, amma dusar ƙanƙara ta girma daidai wuri guda ba tare da dasawa ba kuma ya daɗe.
Matsalar da za a iya samu daga dusar kankara da tsaba. Ana yin shuka ne kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye bayan an girbe, yayin da tsire-tsire ke yin fure a cikin shekara ta 4-5. Dasa a kan ciyawa a ƙarƙashin wata kwarin bishiyoyi da shukoki, suna haifarwa ta hanyar shuka kai.
Snowdrops a cikin filin shakatawa na lambun
Snowdrops suna da kyau sosai a cikin manyan rukunoni, ba wai kawai a cikin lambunan dutse ba, har ma a cikin nau'ikan "katako" a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi a cikin inuwa mai cike da haske, kamar yadda kuma a cikin fararen lawns tsakanin lawn. Boarancin ƙaramin dusar ƙanƙara na dusar ƙanƙara na iya tsayawa a cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci, kuma idan aka shirya su a cikin filayen kristal masu sauƙi, suna da kyan gani da bayyanawa.
Zai dace a dasa dusar ƙanƙara tare tare da ƙananan gungun, 10-30 guda kowannensu. Rashin kyau na waɗannan launuka shine farkon mutuwar sassan sassan iska. Amma ana iya shawo kan sa cikin gonar fure, inda ya fi dacewa a ci gaba da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da haƙuri ga shading kuma ba sa haƙuri da bushewa a lokacin dormancy.
Ana shuka dusar kankara tsakanin bushes na sannu-sannu a hankali tare da ganye mai ganye, alal misali, rundunar, peonies. Sun kuma samu nasarar daidaita marigayi girma perennials. Babban abu shi ne cewa yakamata a dusar da dusar kankara a lokacin girma saboda aƙalla rabin rana.
Don sauƙaƙe sasanninta na halitta a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, ana yin dusar ƙanƙara sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu ɗorewa, suna ajiye su a gefen haske. A hutawa, za su iya jure wa kowane shading. Zai fi kyau kada a yi rake ganye da suka faɗo daga bishiyoyi: tsire-tsire cikin sauƙi a soke su a cikin bazara, kuma ba su tsoma baki tare da su kwata-kwata. Bugu da kari, ganyen dusar kankara mai sanyi sune takin gargajiya na gari, kuma, bugu da kari, suna riƙe da babban zafi a cikin ƙasa ta sama. Idan, saboda wasu dalilai, ganye suna tsoma baki, dole ne a cire su a cikin bazara don kada su lalata tsire-tsire masu shuka a cikin bazara.
An ba da shawarar dusar kankara don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin furanni na farko a cikin inuwa a hade tare da coppices, duwatsun dabbobin, corydalis, primrose. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin tsire-tsire mai gauraye da tsaran tsayi-tsayi da tsayi-tsaka mai tsayi: ferns, hosta, peonies.
Snowdrops a wurin shakatawa.
Iri Snowdrops
Galanthus dusar ƙanƙara (farin dusar ƙanƙara) - Galanthus nivalis. Yana girma daji a kudu na yankin Turai na Rasha, a cikin Caucasus, a Turai da Rum. Bulbous, farkon tsirowar bazara tare da lebur duhu mai duhu ko ganye mai launin shuɗi zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Kwan fitila tana zagaye, to 2 cm a diamita. Peduncles har tsayin 12 cm. Furannin fure sune kawai, har zuwa 3 cm a diamita, tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi, drooping, fararen tare da launin kore a ƙarshen tepals. Tebals na waje suna da zurfi, ciki na ciki siffa ce, wacce take ƙanana da ta waje. Yana fure kafin dukkan dusar ƙanƙara, a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu, kimanin kwanaki 30.
Caucasian Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) - Galanthus caucasicus. Yana girma daji a cikin Caucasus da arewacin Iran. Itace mai lebur, mai layi, ganye mai launin shuɗi, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi. Peduncles har zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Furannin suna da fararen furanni, tsawon 2-2.5 cm kuma 1.5 cm a diamita, tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Perianth lobes tare da ɗakin kore a ƙarshen filayen. Yana blooms daga farkon Afrilu na makonni biyu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin lokaci-lokaci. Yana hibernates a tsakiyar rariya a karkashin haske tsari. A al'ada tun daga 1887.
Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) ta ɗaure - Galanthus plicatus. Usuallyan daji yakan yi girma a cikin Crimea. Endemic na Crimea da Moldova. Daya daga cikin manyan wakilan halittar. Bar a farkon fure tare da bluish Bloom, daga baya - m, duhu kore. Peduncles har zuwa 16 cm tsayi. Furanni 2.5-3 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Blooms a watan Maris 20-25. Bulbswace kwararan fitila har zuwa 3 cm a diamita. Ana adana ganyen a cikin ƙarfin rana har zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni, sannan a mutu a kashe.
Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) mai watsa shirye-shiryenta - Galanthus plathyphyllus. A yanayi, yana girma a Gabas da Yammacin Transcaucasia. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan inganta yanayin dusar ƙanƙara a yankin arewa. Bar ba tare da ɓarna baƙar fata. Furanni yana da kusan 3 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 4 cm a diamita, tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi. Yana fure daga farkon Afrilu tsawon wata daya. Bulbsan fitila na conical ko ovoid-conical, 5x3 cm.
Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) Elves - Galanthus EIwesii. Asalinsu daga Asiya orarami. Wannan wani nau'in tsayi ne wanda lambun sa zasu iya kaiwa tsawon 15-25 cm. Ganyen wannan nau'in suna da yawa, wani lokacin har zuwa 2 cm, na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furanni masu furen fari, babba, mai sihiri. Yana fure kafin dusar kankara, a watan Fabrairu.
Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) Voronova - Galanthus woronowii. Kwan fitila tare da diamita of 3 cm, tare da m waje Sikeli. Kara daga 20-25 cm tsayi, dan kadan ya kamu, ganye suna kan layi, a hankali yana karawa, tare da daskararru a kolin, kore mai haske, da farko lebur, 20-25 cm tsayi, bayan fure, sai kara ya yi girma ya zama ya zama (lamulen an rufe shi a waje da ganyen). Yana blooms a ƙarshen Fabrairu-Maris, kuma a karkashin sharadi gwargwado - a cikin Janairu. Ganyayyaki suna fitowa lokaci guda tare da furanni. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na ƙananan dutsen da kuma tsakiyar shiyyar tuddai a yammacin Transcaucasia - daga Tuapse zuwa Batumi da kuma gaba ta tekun Bahar Maliya na Turkiya, da ma kusan. Ikaria a cikin Aegean.
Santana
Cututtuka da kwari na dusar ƙanƙara
Mice da moles. Za su iya lalata kwararan fitila na dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar tono abubuwan ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa. Mice, haka ma, na iya busa kwararan kwararan fitila gaba daya cikin burbushinsu. Kwararan fitila da lalace ta hanyar rodents wani lokacin rot, kamar yadda ya tabbatar da rauni girma da kuma tawayar bayyanar da shuka a cikin bazara. Sannan an tono kwararan fitila na dusar ƙanƙara kuma a yanke sassan lalatattun, yayyafa wurin da ya lalace tare da ash kuma a bar buɗe awanni da yawa don rauni ya bushe.
Kuna iya kare kanku daga mice idan bakya barin ciyawa ko ciyawar labulen nesa ba kusa da 3 m daga gadaje, inda waɗannan mice zasu iya tsayawa. Fiye da 3 mice ba su rabu da gida ba. Idan irin wannan tsarin ba zai yiwu ba, to, kuna buƙatar saita tarkuna. Don moles - bisa ga umarnin, don mice masu cin ganyayyaki - tare da kayan lambu.
Maƙasudin maɓallan juji da masifa. Abubuwan farin ciki mai laushi na daskararren kumatuttuna ma sun lalata kwararan fitila. Ana iya samo su kuma a tattara a cikin kaka, a lokacin weeding, lokacin da suke shirya ɗalibi.
Matsawa. Slarƙasasshen ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya sasanta ƙasa mai nauyi ko ƙasa mai nauyi. Don rabu da mu da su, ya zama dole lokacin dasa shuki don kewaye dusar ƙanƙan wuta tare da yadudduka na yashi ko amfani da magani na musamman don slugs.
Bulbous nematode. Wannan karamar tsutsotsi ce mai bakin ciki wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa da sassan jikin tsirrai. Hakanan yana iya shafar kwararan fitila masu rai. Ishwanƙwasa launin shuɗi yana bayyana akan ganyen dusar ƙanƙara tare da gefuna wani yanayi wanda bai dace ba, ana ganin zoben duhu a ɓangaren kwan fitila wanda ke raba sashin lafiya daga ɓangaren da abin ya shafa. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire marasa lafiya suna lalata, raguna sun haƙa kuma an bushe su tsawon awanni 3-4 cikin ruwan zafi: 40-45 ° C. Kuma a cikin wofi, don shekaru 4-5 masu zuwa, ba a dasa kwararan fitila ba.
Useswayoyin cuta. Leaukaka rawaya, alamun kore masu haske a kan ganyen dusar ƙanƙara a cikin kusancin baiwar, yanki mai ɓoyewa ko karkatacciyar yanayinsu na nuna kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Zai fi kyau a lalata tsirewar da sauri kafin ta zama tushen kamuwa da cuta ga waɗansu. Amma, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙwayoyin cuta ba sa shiga cikin tsaba, saboda haka zaka iya warkar da nau'in da ya shafa ta hanyar kamantawa.
Cututtukan naman gwari. Alamar launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi akan ganye dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙararrun launin shuɗi, na farar ƙasa, wanda yawanci yakan bayyana a yanayi mai zafi da damshi a matakin ƙasa, sa’annan ya tashi sama da girma, yana nuna bayyanar cutar fungal: tsatsa da kyandir. Dole ne a yanke sassan jikin da abin ya shafa kuma a ƙone su, kuma ya kamata a kula da tsire-tsire masu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tare da fungicides da wuri-wuri bisa ga umarnin.
Chlorosis Ganyewar ganye na dusar kankara yawanci ana haifar dashi ne ta lalacewar kwan fitila, rashin lafiya, rashi mara kyau ko yanayi mai tasowa, kuma ba rashin wani abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa ba.
Shin kuna dusar dusar kankara da ke girma a lambun ku? Muna fatan amsawar ku da tukwici akan haɓakar waɗannan tsirrai masu ban mamaki!
