Cockchafer kwaro ne mai hatsarin gaske na kore tsiro. Yana haifar da lahani sau biyu ba kawai ga kayan lambu da tsire-tsire na lambu ba, har ma don amfanin gona na woody a cikin lambuna, gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa. Ana iya danganta Adult Maybug ga gourmets. Sun fi son zuwa wasu gandun daji da nau'in shakatawa na itacen oak, Birch, Maple, poplar, Linden, ganye ash. Ciyawar ciyawa da tsirrai da aka shuka basu da sha'awar su. Wani lokaci akan waɗannan bishiyoyin a watan Mayu zaka iya ganin gajerun garwaye na May beetles. Yawancin irin ƙwaro irin ya tsufa kuma ba shi da lokaci don haifar da wata babbar illa, amma larbarta tare da dogon ci gaba ba su da ɗanɗano a abinci kuma sun sami damar rusa manyan wuraren da amfanin gona ya mallaka cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Chafer irin ƙwaro, ko ƙwayar Chafer (Melolontha). White Anthony WhiteMaybug yadawo
Chafer, ko May Khrushchev (Melolontha) buzz ne mai ban sha'awa ga yara kuma ɗayan kwari masu haɗari saboda yanayin omnivorous da yankin rarraba. A halin yanzu, daga cikin 24 (a cewar wasu kafofin - 74) jinsunan a Rasha, 9. sun zama na kowa. Mayu gwoza sun zauna ko'ina a cikin gandun daji-steppe da kuma gandun daji na Turai da Asiya. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha ana samun su ko'ina daga kudu zuwa ƙarshen ta Siberian taiga. Yankin rarraba kwari da kwari ya shafi kusan dukkanin yankin Turai, gami da yankuna na Tsakiyar Rasha. A cikin yankin Asiya, an rarraba shi ga Kamchatka. Ana samunsa ko'ina a cikin Caucasus da Transcaucasia.
Wataƙila haɗarin kwaro
Matsayi mai haɗari na irin ƙwaro yana da matukar faɗi. A gaban tsutsa 1 a 1 sq. m yankin - bakin kofa na cutarwa na May irin ƙwaro. Binciken gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa, dasa shuki a wasu yankuna an rubuta kasancewar 2 - 3, kuma kusa da belts na gandun daji - har zuwa 20 ko fiye da larvae a kowace murabba'i. m
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, akwai saurin karuwa a yawan kwari kuma akwai lokacin kusan shekaru 20-25 na jirgin sama mai tashi, wanda zai kai shekaru 3 zuwa 4. Kimanin hutu na shekaru 10 ya zama dole ga ƙwayoyin Mayu don haɓaka haɓaka kafin farkon tashin jirgin sama mai zuwa tare da kama sabbin wurare.
Wane irin amfanin gona ne bugun ƙwaro ke lalata?
Lesalesan kwaro na Mayu sun bayyana a farkon watan Mayu lokacin da yanayi bai yi ɗumi ba. A wannan lokacin, suna haifar da lahani, cin ganyayyaki matasa da furanni na duk lambun, shakatawa da tsire-tsire na gandun daji. Sanyaya yana sanya numbness na imago, har ma da mutuwa yayin dawowar lokacin sanyi. Yawancin tsofaffi suna cutar da bazara a lokacin fita daga pupa. Babban damuwar kwaro na balaga shine barin zuriya. 1-2 watanni a shekara, mace na balagagge na Mayiri irin ƙwaro suna cin abinci sosai kuma suna kwan ƙwai.
Makonni 4-6 bayan tashiwar imago, ƙarni na gaba na ƙyanƙyashe ƙwayaye daga qwai, ana kunna lardin shekarun da suka gabata. A cikin kasar suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 4, suna tafiya matakai 6 na girma. A koyaushe suna yin ƙaura a cikin sararin tsaye na ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, suna zuwa fadada zuwa ƙananan cm 50, kuma a lokacin bazara sun dawo zuwa tushen da ke zaune tare da dumama ƙasa zuwa + 10 ... + 15 ° С. Kudancin larba na Mayu na tsawon rayuwarsu, ban da mataki na chrysalis da lokacin rashin himma, koyaushe ciji abin da ke cikin ƙasa. Ba kamar tsohuwar ƙwaro Mayu ba, suna ciji Tushen ciyawa, kayan lambu da tsire-tsire, tsofaffin bishiyoyin tsirrai da amfanin gona na daji, berries, bushes da wasu nau'in tsirrai. Larvae gnaw tushen strawberries / strawberries, baƙar fata da sauran nau'ikan currant. Musamman yawancin su tara a tushen apple da ceri. A cikin wuraren shakatawa da gefunan daji, larvae na Mayu irin ƙwaro zauna a tushen Aspen, Birch, itacen al'ul, spruce da sauran tsirrai. Abubuwan da aka lura da su sun nuna cewa tsutsa mai shekaru 3 zai iya rushe tsarin itacen bishiya na shekaru 2 a cikin kwana 1, kuma tsutsa mai shekaru 2 zai ciyar da tushen bishiya tsawon mako guda. A yanzu akwai hutu na shekara 10 a lokacin bazara. Daga dage farawa qwai sabon larvae na May irin ƙwaro ƙyanƙyashe, a baya haife larvae girma, da kuma larvae sha m haihuwa karkashin yanayin ƙasa.
Maybug tsutsa © a-wautaBayanin Bean Tsibiri na Mayu
Cockchafer babban kwaro ne. Tsawon tsutsotsin tsutsotsi ya kai 3.5-4.0 cm.Kwancin irin ƙwaro yana da siffar giya, mai daure kai da baya a cikin appendix, baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin ma ja. An rufe jikin tare da ƙananan gashi. A kan kai da laushi underwings sun fi tsayi. Irin ƙwaro yana da yawa saboda ƙarfi ga kashin chitin. Matan kwaro na iya bambanta da maza. Dimorphism na jima'i yayin jarrabawar waje, yana bayyana kanta a cikin tsawon eriya: a cikin mata sun kasance gajeru, a cikin maza tsayi, yayi kama da dansandan da ke kunne.
A sake zagayowar ci gaba da kuma haifuwa na May beetles
Tsarin ci gaba na irin ƙwaro Mayu ya kai shekaru 4-5. A cikin rabin rabin Mayu, mata masu balaguro na jima'i sun bayyana, wanda rayuwarsa ke iyakance ga mating da kuma kwanciya ƙwai (50-80 guda) a cikin ƙasa na ƙasa na cm 15 cm. Bayan kwanciya, mata sun mutu. Bayan watanni 1.0-1.5, fararen larvae ƙyanƙyashe. Smallanana da rauni sun ci gaba da zama a cikin wurin kyankyasar a farkon shekarar da kuma ciyar da akan ƙasa kwayoyin halitta (humus). Farawa daga shekara ta biyu, suna shiga cikin ƙasa, suna mamaye sabbin wurare. A cikin ƙasa, ƙwayar Maybug tana rayuwa kuma tana ciyarwa tsawon shekaru 3-4. A wannan lokacin, matakai da yawa na haɓaka haɓaka, to, kusan a tsakiyar bazara na shekara ta 4, ya wuce zuwa mataki na rashin motsi mara nauyi. Wani tsohuwar ƙwaro irin ƙwaro ya fito daga pupa - tsoho, wanda kawai ya bayyana a cikin bazara a saman ƙasa, yana fara ciyarwa sosai kuma yana fara sabon tsarin ci gaba. A lokaci guda, babban adadin larvae na shekaru daban-daban ya kasance a cikin ƙasa. Yarinya mata sun cika jari na ƙwai, suna ƙaruwa kowace shekara da yawan larvae ta kashi 70-200 kowannensu.
Itace kariya daga tsirrai akan chafer
A yayin matakan kariya, ana ba da babbar kulawa ga lalata larvae, adadin da ke ƙaruwa a kowace shekara ta dubban mutane da shekaru daban-daban. A halin yanzu, ana ba da samfuran kemikal da kayan ilimin zamani wanda ke lalata kwaro ba tare da cutar da ƙasa da tsire-tsire ba. A wannan batun, samfuran halitta sune mafi kyawun matakan kariya, tunda basu da lahani ga fauna na ƙasa mai amfani.
Ofyõyin alamun da shan kashi na shuke-shuke da May irin ƙwaro
Beetwanin ƙwayoyin cuta suna cin ciyawar ganye, ganye, partially ovaries da matasa needles. Lokacin da lalacewar larvae, ba don wani dalili na fili ba, tsire-tsire suna fara so, mara baya a cikin ci gaba kuma sun mutu. Tsirrai masu tsiro a hankali suna fita daga ƙasa. Dole ne a kula da mutanen da suka mutu a hankali, ya kamata a bincika ƙasa don larvae. Yawancin lokaci babba ne, tare da kan duhu, ana ɗaure shi da siffar harafin "C". A kasan jikin sassan an raba sune 3 nau'i biyu na pectoral da kuma nau'i 5 na kafafu na ciki. Idan an samo larvae, dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa don kare kan kwaro.
Zan iya sake zagayowar irin ƙwaro. Misali daga kundi na biyu na littafin Encyclopedia "Fauna na Jamus" wanda Edmund Reiter yayi. Shekarar 1908.Yadda za a magance kwaro na Mayu?
Wani muhimmin aiki na aikin gona shine tarin da lalata Mayar ƙwaro gwaiba a lokacin kaka da damuna na tonon wurin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na larvae shine + 24 ... + 26 ° С. Har yanzu basu shiga zurfi don hutawa ba, kuma a lokacin bazara sun riga sun matsa kusa da tushen tsirrai a saman ƙasan 10-20 cm na ƙasa.
Wataƙila kwari suna da magabtansu na halitta (entomophages) waɗanda ke ciyar da kwari. Don jawo hankalin su zuwa gonar da kuma kayan lambu, zaku iya dasa dill, tsaba na caraway, Fennel, Anise, coriander a sassa daban daban na makircin. Sunflower, phacelia da sauran tsire-tsire nectaronos suna da kyau ga entomophages.
Idan ba zai yiwu a gudanar da tsare tsaren gonar ba, zai fi kyau a rufe ta. Matan na irin ƙwaro na Mayu (da kuma scoops na hunturu) bazai iya yin zurfin shiga cikin ƙasa ta hanyar sod ba, wanda ke nufin cewa ba za a sanya ƙwai ba.
Idan ba a samar da abin sha na dindindin ba, to za a iya amfani da kwari. Don haka, lardin da irin ƙwaro na Mayu ba zai iya jure babban sinadarin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa ba kuma ya bar irin waɗannan wuraren. Yana yiwuwa a shuka farin Clover, Peas, wake, wake da sauran albarkatu waɗanda masu gyara nitrogen a ƙarƙashin da'irori masu kusa, kuma a cikin kaka ana iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa kamar taki a lokacin huɗa.
Wataƙila kwari da larvae su basa jure jin ƙanshi da rufin lupine da mustard. Larvae mutu na yunwar, kamar yadda babu ciyayi don ciyar da kewayen lupine, kuma gwoza nan da nan ya tashi daga waɗannan tsire-tsire da aka ƙi. Mustard takin zamani ne mai ban al'ajabi; idan aka dasa shi a gona, hakan zai taimaka ga mutuwar larvae.
Zan iya ƙwayar gwoza na mahadi chloride. Idan an samo larvae a cikin ƙasa, zaku iya canzawa zuwa ƙara tukwanin da ke da sinadarin chlorine ko, lokacin tono, ƙara ɗan ƙara ruwan bredi.
Kiwo a kan shafin tsuntsaye da shinge da cewa halakar da halaka manya Mayles beetles da larvae. Kuna iya rataya tarko tare da koto.
A ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu, Tsutsotsi na Mayu waɗanda suka tashi, a zazzabi mara nauyi sama da + 12 ... + 15 ° C, yana gudana a cikin kifowar alfijir a jikin rassan itace. A wannan lokacin, suna girgiza su kuma tattara su.
A cikin gonar, za a yi amfani da siderates daga amfanin gona na mustard, farin Clover, Peas da sauran albarkatu, musamman gicciye, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a tsari. Tall tsire (dankali, eggplant, masara, da dai sauransu) ana shuka su ne a cikin farin Clover. Nodule na Nodule akan tushen Clover zai kori larva na Mayu ragweed kuma ya zama matsayin taki na kore don ciyawar tsire-tsire. A lokacin bazara (kamar taki kore), Clover mows tsakanin layuka.
A tara daga Maybug larvae karkashin Turf. Itch PitchcareHanyoyin sunadarai a kan Mayu
A zahiri, ba a maraba da amfani da sinadarai a gida na rani, amma ga masoya ga saurin lalacewar dukkan abubuwa masu rai, ana iya bada shawarar waɗannan ƙwayoyin don halakar lardin Maybug.
Gyara da Zemlin - kwari na lamba da aikin hanji. Tare da m kunsa a cikin ƙasa, sun fara rayayye shafi larvae a lokacin, musamman matasa da cewa ciyar a kan humus. Na tsawon murabba'in 10. m yankin na ba da gudummawar 15-20 g na foda ko granules na shirye-shiryen sunadarai. Ana iya ƙara waɗannan kwayoyi zuwa rami lokacin dasa dankali da sauran tsire-tsire.
Aktara, Bazudin, Matsakaici - Magungunan kwari-cikin hanji da ke kashe kwari. Ana amfani da su musamman don magance tushen tsire-tsire da aka dasa, kazalika da aikace-aikacen ƙasa don ƙasa a cikin hanyar mafita ko bushewa na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Lokacin amfani da kemikal, tabbatar da bin umarnin don dilution da aikace-aikace. Lokacin amfani da magungunan kwari na ƙasa, ba lallai ba ne don aiwatar da yawan tsire-tsire na iska (sai dai nuni na musamman a cikin shawarwarin).
Anti-crunch - magani ne tare da tsawon lokaci na bayyanar kwaro. Kafin amfani, an dakatar da dakatarwar zuwa dillancin aiki bisa ga ka'idoji masu amfani na kayan lambu, ƙwayaya da shuki. A cikin mafita, tushen tsire-tsire suna daskarewa kuma an shayar da su tare da bayani mai aiki a ƙarƙashin tushe.
Daga sunadarai za ku iya amfani da su maganin maganin ammoniya don dasa nan gaba na strawberries / daji strawberries. Narke 200 g na ammonium nitrate a cikin 10 l na ruwa ta 1 square. m yankin watanni 3-4 kafin dasawa. Wannan dabarar za ta adana shekaru masu yawa daga goge da larvae.
Khrushchev musamman son ƙaunar tushen strawberries. Don dalilai masu hanawa, a ƙarƙashin tushen strawberries, zaka iya yin maganin maganin ammoniya (tablespoon / guga na ruwa).
Mayu beetles, ko May beetles (Melolontha). Lo Yahuda KulleMatakan kariya daga kwayoyin halitta akan irin ƙwaro
A gida, a ƙarƙashin duk lambun, Berry, kayan lambu da sauran albarkatu da gadaje na fure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfuran ƙwayoyin halitta da suka dace. Suna kashe kwari da gangan, ba tare da cutar da lafiyar mutane da dabbobi ba.
Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan samfurin ƙirar halitta Nemabact. Samfurin kwayoyin halitta, gabatarwa a cikin jikin tsutsa na irin ƙwaro na May, yana kashe kwaro a cikin kwanaki 3. An tattara hankali ne a cikin rabo na 1: 100. Suna aiki tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi a yanayin zafin jiki ba ƙasa da + 25 ... + 26 ° С. An shigar da su cikin ƙasa mai laushi bayan an shayar da ruwa ko a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Da kyau halakar da larvae na May irin ƙwaro kayayyakin ƙwaro Actofit, Boverin, Fitovermci gaba kan ƙasa Ingantaccen ƙwayoyin cuta (EM microflora).
Kafin amfani da samfuran halitta, ya zama dole a bincika shawarwarin. Dilarfafa kai tare da haɓaka cikin taro na aikin aiki ba zai yi tasiri ba a kan kwari, amma zai iya haifar da cutar shuka.
Tsutsa ƙwayar gwoza gnaws a kan tushen shuka. Ret Meret HuberFolk dabarun magance May irin ƙwaro
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawara albasa kwasfa albasa a gwargwadon nauyin 100 g / 10 l na ruwa, nace sati daya kuma ku noma ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsirrai. Don fesa da tsire-tsire, tsarma da mafita sake a cikin wani rabo 1: 1.
Idan a cikin bazara 1-2 an samo larvae ko balagwan ƙwaro, to ya zama dole a gabatar da shi cikin ƙasa (1%) kuma ku bi da tsire-tsire (0.1%) potassium permanganate bayani.
Tare da tillage bazara, zaku iya yin freshly slaked lemun tsami ko shirye-shiryen chlorine. Kamshin lemun tsami da kolori zasu fitar da kwari dake kokarin sanya qwai.
Fitar da kwari maganin maganin ammoniya. Maganin 20 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa kuma yayyafa a cikin kaka na shuka. Beetwon ƙwaro suna barin ba tare da samar da ƙwai ba akan saukowa.
