Shahararren cyclamen - wannan kyakkyawan fure shuka - kwanan nan ya karu. A cikin al'adun daki, nau'ikan biyu sun fi na sauran: :asar cyclamen Persian da Turai cyclamen. Dukansu sunyi nasara tare da kyawawan furanni na asali. Persian cyclamen blooms a cikin hunturu, lokacin da 'yan shuke-shuke murna da haske fure. Game da yadda za a kula da cyclamen a gida - labarinmu.
Cyclamen.
Bayanin bayanin shuka shuka
Bugawan SahlaCyclamen), ko Dryakva, ko Alpine violet daga dangin Mirsinovy (Myrsinaceae), wani lokacin ana kiransa Primrose iyali (Primulaceae) kuma sun hada da kusan nau'ikan 20.
Yawan nau'ikan halittar dan adam Cyclamen - tsire-tsire na herbaceous, na gama gari a cikin Bahar Rum; daga Spain a yamma zuwa Iran a gabas, har ma a Arewa maso gabashin Afirka, ciki har da Somalia.
Basil duhu mai launin fata mai launin shuɗɗun fata na cyclaen suna kan petioles har zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma suna da tsarin ado na azurfa mai launin shuɗi.
Furanni Cyclamen suna da asali: nuna, mai jujjuya baya, wani lokacin falsed petals suna ba da ra'ayi cewa garken daskararre na daskararre yana kewaye cirro.
Paleti mai launi na cyclamens yana da fadi da yawa: ana yin bishiyoyi tare da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara mai duhu, duka gamut na launuka masu ruwan hoda zuwa launin ja, burgundy, violet. Fulawa cyclamen yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci, har zuwa watanni 3.5. Dogaro da ire-iren yanayi da yanayin dakin, fure na iya farawa daga rabin na biyu na Oktoba kuma ya wuce har zuwa ƙarshen Maris.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana kiran cyclamens a matsayin mai rikitarwa da tsire-tsire masu rikitarwa a cikin al'ada. A zahiri, cyclamen ba shi da ma'ana, kuma fewan bukatun da yake sanyawa cikin al'ada na iya gamsuwa sosai.
Cyclamen.
Kulawar Cyclamen a Gida
Haske da zazzabi
Cyclamens suna daukar hoto, amma ba sa haƙuri da hasken rana kai tsaye. Rike su mafi kyau a cikin inuwa m. Suna girma da kyau a kan windows windows na yamma da gabas. Windows ta kudu zasu buƙaci shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Fuskokin arewa na arewa baza su iya samun isasshen haske ba ga tsirrai.
Yanayi mai mahimmanci don haɓakar al'ada na cyclamens da yawan furanni shine haske da sanyi abun ciki a cikin hunturu (kimanin 10 ° C, ba sama da 12-14 ° C ba). A lokacin rani, zazzabi a cikin yanki na 18-25 ° C ya fi dacewa (tukunyar da ke da shuka ana iya fitar da ita zuwa wuri mai duhu kuma ta haƙa sama).
Watering da spraying
A lokacin furanni, ana shayar da shuka sosai ko a matsakaici, tare da taushi, ruwa mai kariya, yana hana duka overmoistening da overdrying na earthen coma. Water cyclamen ya kamata a hankali, zuwa gefen tukunya, ƙoƙarin kada jiƙa da buds da tuber, har ma mafi kyau - daga pallet.
Dole ne a ba da izinin ruwa don shiga cikin tsakiyar shuka - tuber na iya lalacewa. Zazzabi ruwa ya zama 2-4 ° C a kasa da zazzabi. Bayan sa'o'i 1-2, ana kwashe magudanan ruwa daga cikin saucer domin Tushen ba suyi ba. Bayan fure, cyclamen watering ne a hankali rage, kuma da farkon bazara, lokacin da duk ganye juya rawaya da bushe, da kuma tubers kasance danda, suna shayar gaba daya.
Kafin buds bayyana, tsire-tsire ana fesa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Tare da zuwan buds, ya kamata a dakatar da spraying na cyclamen, in ba haka ba za su iya rot. Don haɓaka danshi, ana iya sanya tsire a kan wata takarda tare da daskararren ciyawa, yumɓu mai yalwa ko ɗigon fure. A wannan yanayin, kasan tukunyar kada ta taɓa ruwan. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwan da yake ruwan sama, ko a tace.
Cyclamen.
Manyan miya
A cikin lokacin girma na ganye taro kafin fure, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire kowane mako 2 tare da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai. Cyclamens amsa da kyau ga takin gargajiya. Ba za ku iya ba da takin mai magani na nitrogen ba - za su iya lalata Tushen bututun mai.
Kula da furen fure a hutawa
Fulawa cyclamen yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. Ya danganta da nau'ikan da yanayin dakin, zai iya farawa daga rabin na biyu na Oktoba kuma ya wuce har zuwa ƙarshen Maris. A cikin bazara, a ƙarshen fure, tsire-tsire suna shiga cikin yanayin damuwa (sun fara rasa ganye). A wannan batun, an rage rage ruwa a hankali, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da duk ganye suka zama rawaya da bushe, da kuma ƙwayayen zama ba komai, ana shayar dasu gaba daya.
Dakin da ake girke tsire-tsire a kai a kai. Mafi kyau har yanzu, ɗauki tukwane tare da tubers na wannan lokacin a gonar ko a baranda a wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga rana. Bayan tsawon lokacin hutawa (ƙarshen bazara - farkon kaka) cyclamen saka mai haske, wuri mai sanyi kuma ana samun ƙara yawan ruwa a hankali.
Wani zaɓi don adana tarin ƙwayar har zuwa sabon lokacin hunturu kamar haka. Bayan fure, an rage yawan ruwa sosai. Bayan haka, bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, tukunyar cyclamen an aza shi gefe kuma ana kiyaye wannan matsayin har zuwa kaka mai zuwa.
Cyclamen yana girma shekaru 10-15 kuma yana iya haifar da furanni 70 a shekara. Cire fure da koran wilted an cire su tare da peduncle. Kamar yadda furanni ya bushe da ganyayyaki suka juya launin rawaya, ana cire su (amma ba a yanka) daga cutar kansa. Sanya yakamata yakamata a yayyafa shi da gawayi.
Yanke (fitar da) furanni cyclamen suna tsaye sosai cikin ruwa (makonni 1-2). Ana buƙatar canza ruwa a cikin gilashi bayan kwanaki 2-3. Bayan yanke, an yanka ƙarshen faren tsayin kwana 2-3. Wannan yana tsawan lokacin tsaye a cikin sarewa har zuwa sati 2-3.
Juyawa
A ƙarshen lokacin rani da damina, lokacin da ƙananan ganyayyaki masu ƙyalƙyalan zuciya suka fara tono daga ƙwayar cyclamen, ana shigar da tsire-tsire cikin ɗakin kuma an watsa shi cikin babban kwano tare da sabon cakuda cakuda ƙasa, humus, peat da yashi (2-3: 1: 1: 1).
Madadin zai iya haɗawa da sassan 2 na ganye, ɓangaren 1 na ingantaccen humus da sassan 0.5 na yashi. Yawan acidity na substrate (pH) yakamata yakai kimanin 5.5-6. A mafi girma pH (kusan 7), tsire-tsire suna zama mai saukin kamuwa ga cututtukan fungal da yawa.
A yayin juyawa, ana kula da cyclamen don kada ya lalata tushen, kuma an yanke tushen da ya lalace. Don 1 kilogiram na substrate, zaka iya ƙara 0.4 g na ammonium nitrate, 1 g na superphosphate, 4 g na dutsen phosphate.
Lura cewa lokacin dasawa, ba za ku iya zurfafa ɓarnar gaba ɗaya ba. Thirdaya daga cikin uku ko rabin tuber ɗin ya kamata ya kasance sama da ƙasa, wanda zai iya shafar ƙarin fure na shuka. A kasan tukunya yana samar da kyakkyawan malalewa.
Cyclamen.
Cyclamen yaduwa
Yada cyclamen a gida abu ne mai wahala. Masu ƙaunar yawanci suna ba da gudummawar rarraba ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Hakanan zaka iya girma daga tsaba, amma fure zaiyi tsayi da tsayi.
Don samun kyawawan ƙwayoyin cyclamen cikakke a gida, wucin gadi (zai fi dacewa giciye) pollination ya zama dole. Ta amfani da buroshi mai laushi, ɗaukar pollen daga fure ɗaya na shuka kuma canja wurin pistil na wani zuwa disigma. Idan akwai tsire-tsire ɗaya, to, ana tura pollen daga fure ɗaya zuwa ƙarshen sigar wani. Wannan hanya don dogaro mafi girma ana maimaita ta sau 2-3.
Mafi kyawun lokacin pollination na cyclamen shine safiya na safe na rana mai haske, tunda a wannan yanayin kwai sun fi sauri sauri. A wannan lokacin, zai yi kyau don ciyar da tsirrai tare da takin mai magani na potassium foshate (1 g na superphosphate da 0.5 g na potassium sulfate da 1 lita na ruwa). Tsaba ba za a iya bushewa bayan girbi, in ba haka ba adadin germination zai ragu sosai.
Yawancin ƙwayoyin Cyclamen galibi suna da kasuwanci, amma basu da abin dogara fiye da nasu. Yawan germination dinsu ya dogara sosai akan masana'anta, amma akan tsari na tsaba.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba Persia cyclamen shine watan Agusta, tunda yana da lokacin bazara a lokacin rani.
Kafin shuka ƙwayoyin cyclamen, zaku iya zuba maganin sukari 5% kuma ku ɗauka kawai waɗanda sun yi ƙasa zuwa ƙasa (masu iyo ruwa ba su dace ba). Hakanan, ana narke tsaba a cikin maganin zircon na kwana ɗaya.
Amfani da haske shine mai haske, alal misali, sun haɗu da murfin ƙasa da peat a cikin rabo na 1: 1, ko peat da vermiculite (1: 1).
Cyclamen tsaba an dage farawa daga saman wani moistened substrate kuma yafa masa tare da na bakin ciki Layer na duniya (0.5 - 1 cm). Ba a buƙatar haske don shuka iri, saboda haka ana iya rufe su da fim ɗin opaque. Mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau don germination shine + 20 ° C, idan ya yi girma, to an hana germin ɗin kuma tsaba na iya fadawa cikin rashin himma. Hakanan zaka iya rage zazzabi a ƙasa + 18 ° C, kamar yadda tsaba kawai suke jujjuya a wannan zafin jiki. Wajibi ne a lura da yawan abubuwan danshi na kasar gona kuma a lokaci-lokaci sanyaya kwandon tare da tsaba.
Yawancin lokaci a zazzabi na + 20 ° C, seedlings na cyclamen suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 30-40. Bayan fitar da shuki, cire shading, sanya shi a wuri mai cike da hasken wuta, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, kuma a rage zafin jiki zuwa + 15-17 ° C.
A lokacin da cyclamen seedlings samar da ƙananan nodules tare da ganye biyu ko uku (kamar a watan Disamba), an daɗaɗa su a cikin akwati tare da cakuda ƙasa, peat da yashi (2: 1: 0.5). Lokacin ɗaukar hoto, nodules an rufe shi da ƙasa, yayin da a cikin manya cyclamen saman tuber ba yawanci an rufe shi ba.
Mako guda bayan da tara, su za a iya ciyar da tare da takin gargajiya a cikin diluted rabin kashi. Kuna iya ciyarwa tare da maganin 0.2% (2 g / l) na ammonium sulfate, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki 10 - 0.1% (1 g / l) nitrate na potassium. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, ana tura su cikin tukwane-mutum.
Cyclamen girma daga tsaba Bloom 13-15 watanni bayan shuka.
Cyclamen.
Cututtuka da kwari na cyclamen
Fusarium zai
Fusarium cuta ce ta hanji wanda Fusarium naman gwari ke haifar dashi; a ƙarƙashin tasirinsa, ana lalata tsarin jijiyoyin bugun gini da kyallen tsirrai. Cutar tana da sunaye da yawa: “bushewa fita”, “core rot”, “bushe rot”.
Tare da fusarium wilting, raunuka da mutuwar tsire-tsire suna faruwa ne ta hanyar cin zarafi mai mahimmanci na ayyuka saboda toshewar ƙwayoyin jini ta mycelium na naman gwari da sakin abubuwa masu guba a gare su. Pathogens sun dawwara na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙasa kuma akan tarkacewar shuka, shigar da tsire-tsire ta cikin tsarin tushe da ƙananan ɓangaren tushe.
Kwayar cutar: externally, cutar ta bayyana kanta a yellowing na ganye, wanda ya fara da fi. Sau da yawa yellowing da wilting na ganye faruwa a daya gefen shuka. Secondangare na biyu na cyclamen na iya ci gaba da haɓaka, amma yana da wuya a jira kyakkyawan fure daga irin wannan shuka. Naman gwari yana shiga cikin shuka ta matattarar matasa kuma ya bazu ta hanyar tarin fuka. An lalata kyallen takarda da aka shafa; general bayyanar da shuka ne deteriorating. A cikin ɓangaren ƙwayar tarin fuka, abubuwan ɓoye na jijiyoyin jiki da ke ciki ana iya gani.
Matakan sarrafawa: shayar da tsirrai a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da tushe mai faɗi (0.1%), yana fesa taro mai tare da topsin-M (0.1%).
Rigar rot
Wannan cuta ce mai cutarwa. Erwinia ya haifar da shi.
Kwayar cutar: cutar fara da cewa shuka ba zato ba tsammani ya bushe, ganye da kuma peduncles rataye daga tukunya, wani m wreffkar kamshi daga cutar da cutar bayyana. Tushen cyclamen kuma fara rot. Kwayar ta shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar fasa da raunuka a jikin tarin fitsari ko gabobin ciyawa. Sau da yawa, kamuwa da cutar cyclamen yakan faru ne a shafukan yanar gizon rabuwa da ganye ko farji. Tushen kamuwa da cuta gurbataccen ruwa ne ko kuma ƙwayar cuta. Tushen cutar yana ba da gudummawa ga yanayin zafi da laima lokacin bazara yayin kiyaye cyclamens a gonar, a baranda, kan loggia.
Matakan sarrafawa: ba ya wanzu, cyclamen yana ƙarƙashin hallaka don hana cutar sauran tsirrai.
Grey rot
Cinerea na naman gwari Botrytis yana shafar tsire-tsire masu rauni saboda wuri mara kyau, yana da haɗari musamman a cikin damp da iska mai sanyi. Spores na naman gwari suna yada ta iska da ruwa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa tare da zafi mai zurfi, babban yawa na cyclamen da abun ciki na dare mai sanyi. Ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban wannan cuta a cikin shuka ba ruwa ne mara kyau ba, ruwa yana shiga “girma aya” na ganye da ganye.
Kwayar cutar: launin toka ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma mai tushe na cyclamen, wanda ke gudana tare da motsi mai ƙarfi; sassan da abin ya shafa na shuka sun yi duhu kuma suka mutu. Peduncles musamman mai saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Ganyen Cyclamen ya juya ya zama rawaya ya mutu.
Matakan sarrafawa: A hankali cire ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa. A keɓance ɗakin, amma a guji zane-zane. Fesa cyclamen m sau da yawa, ruwa ƙasa (yana da kyau - da safe, sabõda haka, kasar gona yana da lokaci zuwa bushe fita a lokacin da rana). Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu cutar da tsarin kashe-kashe na gargajiya.
Tushen rot
Tushen Tushen yana lalacewa ta hanyar fungi da yawa (Rhizoctonia solani, Ramularia cyclaminicola); kwaro yana zaune a cikin ƙasa. Cutar tana faruwa lokacin da aka dasa cyclamen a cikin gonar lambu na yau da kullun wanda ba a steamed ba. Cutar sau da yawa tana kai hari ga matasa cyclamens, yana rage jinkirin su.
Kwayar cutar: Yankunan da ba a iya sanya su cikin duhu suna bayyana a kan tushen matasa da manya. Kwayar cutar ta bayyana a jikin ganye, kamar dai babu isasshen ƙwayar chlorophyll a cikin su: ganye na jujjuyawar fata, saboda sun rasa abinci mai gina jiki sakamakon asalin lalacewa.
Matakan sarrafawa: Yi amfani kawai da ƙasa haifuwa don dasa cyclamens. Idan cyclamen da lafiya, yi kokarin zubar da ƙasa tare da tsari na kashe-kashe. Amma wannan ma'aunin ba koyaushe yake tasiri ba; matasa cyclamen da alama ba za su sami ceto ba. Kuna iya buƙatar rabuwa da kayan abincinku. Ana iya ƙoƙarin ɗan adam cyclamen ya adana. Dole ne a cire shi daga tukunya, a rins kuma a cire tushen lalacewa, sannan a bi da shi da maganin kashe-kashe kuma a dasa a cikin cakuda ƙasa.
Anthracnose
Wanda ake kira da naman gwari daga cikin halittun Gloeosporium. Wannan naman alade ne wanda yake cutar da cyclamen yayin fure. Cutar ta haɓaka cikin yanayi mai ɗumi.
Kwayar cutar: Yankin girma na ganye da filayen hannu yana shafa. Cutar na iya tafiya bata sani ba har tsawon wani lokaci har sai cyclamen ta saki farfajiyar. A farfajiyoyin da abin ya shafa sun daina haɓaka, kallon rugujewa, ɓangaren ɓangare na sassan farji, kamar dai, ya bushe. Hurawa baya faruwa, tun da farfajiyar ba ta haɓaka. Daga hulɗa tare da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kamuwa da ganye yana faruwa. Matasa bar bushe da juya a gefuna, da haihuwa ganye bushe kuma mutu.
Matakan sarrafawa: Yi amfani da ƙasa ƙasa don hana cuta. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana, yi ƙoƙari ka kula da ɗan ƙaramin zafi. Cire farfajiyoyin lalacewa da ganye. Bi da tsire-tsire mara lafiya tare da fungicides sau 2-3.
Soot naman gwari
Kwayar cutar black naman gwari ya bayyana a cikin ruwan zaki wanda ya fita akan ganyen aphids. Wurin da ke cike da mummuna na naman gwari ba shi da haɗari ga shuka, amma yana rufe stomata kuma yana rufe ganyen ganye daga haske, sakamakon abin da ci gaban yake sauka a hankali kuma shuka ya raunana. Ganyayyaki da suka shafa suna bushewa akan lokaci, idan baku dauki matakan da suka kamata ba.
Matakan sarrafawa: ajiya mai sanyi ana wanke su da rigar rigar da aka sanyaya tare da maganin 2% na sabulu, in an bi ta magani tare da maganin sabulu, sannan a wanke daskararren tsabtataccen ruwan dumi. Kuna iya maganin maganin cutar ta cyclamen.
