Murraya - kammala aikin buɗe tare da halayyar daidaitacce

Daga cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida akwai wadataccen amfanin gona masu kama da kullun, gaba ɗaya suna dacewa da juna a cikin nau'in ganye da kambi. Murraya zai sake cika matsayin da aka fi so a cikin daji wanda yafi so, idan ba don fure da 'ya'yan itace ba, wanda galibi yakan faru lokaci guda. Kyakkyawan furanni masu ƙanshi a cikin ƙananan inflorescences tare da dusar ƙanƙara-farin su suna maye gurbinsu da wannan kyawawan furannin da ake ci da ja. Murraya tana da kyau a duk shekara, kyawunta kawai ya girma tare da tsufa. Kuma baƙon abin da ya saba da shuka tare da halayen Jafananci bayyananne yana juya wannan al'ada zuwa kayan ado na musamman na ciki.

Murraya - Tarihin launin toka na Jafananci tare da berries mai haske

Wakilin dangin Rutovy Murraya yana daya daga cikin fitattun wurare masu tsananin zafi. Kasancewar kanta da kanta yayi shaidar asalin. Wannan tsiro yana daga gumi har ma da dazuzzukan monsoon na gabashin Asiya, Ceylon, Indiya da Indonesia. Kyakkyawan fure kyakkyawa ya sami matsayin matsayin keɓaɓɓiyar shuka da ingantaccen shuka. Murraya ba ta da wata ma'ana ko da a lokacin balaga, tana kula da adon ado duk shekara kuma da alama tsirrai ne masu kyau, na kwarai da gaske kuma suna annuri. Irin wannan bayyanar “kyakkyawa” ba mai sauki bane ga masu lambu: don samun nasarar haɓaka wannan amfanin gona, dole ne a yi ƙoƙarin sake buɗe yanayin da ya saba da ita. Amma kyawun murraya yana biyan cikakken ƙoƙari don duk ƙoƙarin.

Sunan ta na zamani murraya (Murraya) an karɓa don girmamawa ga almara Botanist D. Murray, wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 18. Amma ba ƙarami ba ne a yau shine sunan tsohuwar shuka - fure na sarki ko berries na sarki. Murray yana da alaƙa da almara da yawa. A tsohuwar Japanawa, ƙanshinta yana da tamanin gaske wanda kawai an ba da sarakuna damar ji daɗin sa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana daukar murraya a matsayin tsire-tsire na musamman, na ibada, wanda aka baiwa ikon iya tasiri cikin tunani da lafiya. Kuma kodayake yau Murraya yafi dacewa, yana riƙe da matsayin tsirrai mai tsada da tsada.

A al'adun daki, daya ne kawai na nau'in murraya ke girma - murray panicle (Murraya paniculata), sunan synonym har yanzu sanannen mu yake Murraya kasashen waje (Murraya exotica) Murray - yana da cikakken daidaituwa, har ma a cikin yanayi na dabi'a, bishiyoyi masu kullun ko ƙananan bishiyoyi. A cikin al'adun daki, murraya tana tasowa ne kawai kamar shuki. Matsakaicin tsayi yana da iyakantacce zuwa mita biyu a cikin gandunan monsoon na Indiya, amma a al'adun daki wannan shuka ya fi rikitarwa: bushes har zuwa rabin tsayi na tsayi mita sun zama ruwan dare gama gari kamar murrayi na tsayin mita. Harbe harbe Murraya suna da kyau sosai. Haushi mai laushi mai laushi, don haka halayyar su, yana bayyana kawai tare da shekaru, inji kamar dai silvery ko ya juya launin toka. Twan sandunan matasa masu ƙyalƙyali da bakin gashi mai kyau "saba" launi mai launin shuɗi ba su da tabbas. Amma mafi tsufa sun samu, da kyan gani da daraja. Ta hanyoyi da yawa, canjin haushi ya zama mai launin toka wanda ya sanya Murray ɗayan tsirrai masu tsayi da gaske.

Ganyen wannan kyakkyawa obovate, hadaddun, pinnate, wanda aka haɗa da fata, obovate, maimakon manyan, har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi, lobes mai haske. Ana tsinkayen ɓangarorin ganye kamar cikakkun ganye, ingantaccen tsarin greenery ana iya ɗaukarsa kusa. A saman kambi ganye kullun ya fi girma a ƙasan (3-5 cm akan 1-2 cm). Duk da girman da ya fi girma da sifofi irinsu, ganyen murraya suna da kyan gani kuma suna kirkirar lace mai kyau, kambi, kambi. Ganyen Murray suna da kamshi sosai; lokacin da aka shafa shi, suna fitar da wari mai ƙamshi na kwasfa lemun tsami.

Murraya paniculata (Murraya paniculata).

Murraya tana da kyan gani koda ba tare da fure ba, amma idan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fure fararen tsiro a kan shuka, suna kama da ladan sarauta na gaske ko kyautar ƙaddara. Samu kawai 2 cm a diamita, furanni mai siffa mazurari ana tattara akan fi na harbe a cikin kananan goge-goge ko scapula inflorescences. Tsarin furanni kamar siliki ne, mai haskakawa, a bangon da yawan ganye mai duhu, suna haskakawa a zahiri. Murray yana cikin mafi yawan tsire-tsire na cikin gida mai ƙanshi, wanda aka haɗa su a cikin jerin guda ɗaya tare da jasmines da Co., saboda ƙanshin furanni yana da kyau sosai da gaske (kodayake a cikin ɗakin kwanciya bai dace ba, yana iya zama mai tsinkaye sosai kuma yana buƙatar madaidaicin shuka na shuka a wasu ɗakunan gidan). Murfin ƙanshi na Murraya - mai daɗi, baƙi, mai zafin gaske - don na musamman ne da ba zai yuwu ku rikitar da shi tare da wata shuka ba da zarar an ji shi sau ɗaya. Ga mutane dayawa, yana kama da warin jasmine. Amma duk da haka, ya fi musamman da rikitarwa (ba don komai ba ne cewa furanni Murray ya zama ɗayan kayan ƙona turare).

Amma har ma wannan wasan kwaikwayon na ado da Murraya ya yi bai ƙare a wurin ba. Yayin da tsire-tsire marasa ƙarfi marasa ƙarfi da fure-fure da fure duk sababbin furanni, ana girka bishiyoyi kamar su a maimakon lalatattun abubuwa, waɗanda ake ci a cikin dukkan murray. Dacewa, walƙiya, har zuwa 2 - 3 cm a diamita, suna kama da ado na ainihi. Launin launin shuɗi mai haske yana sa su yi kama da daskararren yadin lu'u-lu'u ko murjani. Fure iri daya a lokaci daya da kuma itace na Murraya a karkashin yanayi mai kyau na iya wuce kusan shekara guda. Idan ba a samar da hasken lokacin hunturu ba, to Murraya na fure daga farkon bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Murraya kulawa a gida

Da wuya a kira Murraya mai sauƙin shuka amfanin gona, amma tare da himma za su miƙa wuya ga masu farawa. Kawai waɗannan tsire-tsire zasu buƙaci cikakkiyar, mai rauni, tsari na kulawa. Murray tayi mummunar barna. Dole ne su samar da yanayin zafi mai zurfi, saka idanu kan yawan bushewar substrate kuma a hankali bincika yanayin kayan kore don gano ƙananan alamun rashin jin daɗi. Amma tare da kulawa ta yau da kullun da kulawa, Murray zai yi farin ciki ga masu mallakar shekaru da yawa.

Murmushi Murray

Wadannan legreens suna buƙatar zaɓi na wuri tare da haske mai haske amma yaɗuwa da sarari. Rashin hasken rana kai tsaye ga wannan shuka ba abu ne da ba za a yarda da shi ba, kuma don murraya zaɓi wuraren da za a kiyaye su daga zafin rana a lokacin rani. Haske mai tsananin zafi a wurare na kudu na iya jinkirta fure da rage girman tsiro. Walƙiya ta sami mahimmancin mahimmanci a lokacin lokacin bud'ewa da fure: domin murraya ta yi fure, tana buƙatar awanni hasken rana na awanni 12. Idan furanni ya faru a cikin kaka ko hunturu, to don tabbatar da hasken al'ada, Murrayu bazai isa kawai don sake shiryawa a kan windowsillill na kudu ba, a cikin mafi yawan hasken wuta; amma a mafi yawan lokuta ya zama dole don haskaka shuka akan dalili. Matsakaicin wuri na wannan shuka ana ɗauka shine satin taga da yamma ko bayyanannun nesa daga windows ɗin kudu.

Murray yana buƙatar jujjuya Murray a kai a kai dangane da tushen hasken don kula da kambi na kansu.

Zazzabi mai nutsuwa

Matsaloli cikin zaɓar yanayin Murrayam mai sanyi suna da wuya. Wannan tsire-tsire ne na thermophilic, wanda kawai ƙarancin alamun da ke yarda da izini ke da iyaka. A kowane lokaci na shekara, ciki har da lokacin hunturu ko a lokutan canjin yanayi, zazzabi ya kamata a kowane yanayi ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 16, ban da gajerun-lokaci kuma an daidaita saukad da shi nan da nan. Sanyaya kwana ɗaya ko fiye na iya zama lalacewar shuka. Amma ga mafi girman darajar, to Murrayam ya dace sosai ga kowane yanayi daki. Tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da kyau kuma suna da kyan gani a cikin yanayin tsayayyar yanayi tare da yanayin zafi daga digiri 20 zuwa 25 a cikin bazara da bazara da kuma digiri 17-18 a kaka da hunturu, amma Murraya ba ya tsoron tsalle-tsalle a cikin alamun alamun “dumi”.

Samun iska mai kyau don Murray yana da mahimmanci. Wannan tsire-tsire yana yin ado da iska kuma a cikin watanni masu zafi ana iya tsayawa a sararin sama (an rage hasken wuta zuwa inuwa mara kunya).

Watering da zafi

Ba da tsarin danshi mai kyau don murraya ba aiki bane mai sauƙi. Gaskiyar ita ce a yawancin halaye don bukatun ƙasa da gumi a cikin wannan shuka sun sabawa juna.

Zabi tsarin ban ruwa, yana da mahimmanci don bayar da fifiko ga ba mai tsananin zafin rai ba, mai saukin kai, ingantattun matakan da ke kula da daskararren danshi. Don murraya, bushewar ƙasa da yawan shanta ba daidai suke da haɗari ba. Saboda haka, yalwatacce mai yawa da wuya watering, a sakamakon abin da m yanayin an kafa, bai dace da wannan shuka. A lokacin rani, ana yin saurin matsakaici akai-akai, a cikin hunturu - mafi wuya, dan kadan rage danshi ƙasa. Don murraya, zaka iya amfani da ruwa mai laushi mai laushi, mai laushi.

Amma abubuwan da ake buƙata don gumi na iska sun yi daidai da matsayin tsirrai daga gandun daji na monsoon. Murraya yana buƙatar matsanancin zafi, wanda aka fi tallafawa ta hanyar haɗin kai. Shafa ruwa na yau da kullun da shigarwa na humidifiers na katako ko nau'in masana'antu sun dace da shuka. Amma zai fi kyau a hada su baki daya don samar da ingantaccen yanayin ci gaba. A mataki na fruiting da fure, zafi iska yana da matukar muhimmanci: a cikin yanayin bushewa, pollen da sauri ya rasa ingancinsa kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya farawa.

Mako-mako, dole ne a wanke ganyen shuka daga ƙura ko ɗumi mai ɗumi.

Muryar takaddun Murray

Wannan inji ya fi son sauya madadin ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, amma ana iya amfani da takin zamani a amfanin gona. Murumar saman miya ana yin ta ne kawai daga watan Maris zuwa Satumba. Mitar hanyoyin daidaitaccen tsari, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2.

Murraya pruning

Wadannan tsire-tsire ana ɗaukarsu azaman al'adu tare da bayyanar bayyanar. Amma ba daidaituwa ba ne sau da yawa suna zama abin gwaje-gwajen da fasaha na bonsai da nau'ikan daban-daban. Don waɗannan tsire-tsire na cikin gida masu kama da gaske don cikakke kama, dole ne a yanke su daidai kuma su kula da kambi mai kyau tare da shimfidar da ake so. Yawancin lokaci ana yanke Murraya a farkon matakin ci gaban aiki, bayan hunturu, a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. Yankuna suna gajarta zuwa tsawo na 1/3 zuwa rabi akan rassa masu tsayi. M (m girma cikin) da lalace harbe an fi cire cire. A kan tsire-tsire matasa, ana iya sarrafa sifar da girma ta hanyar talla, dauri, da dai sauransu.

Murraya dasawa da canza ruwa

Lokacin zabar wata cakuda ƙasa don haɓaka murraya, yana da kyau ba da fifiko ga abubuwan da ake ɗauka na duniya waɗanda ke ɗauke da takardar, sod, ƙasa humus da yashi (idan kun haɗu da abin da kuke canzawa, to sai ku rage adadin humus da rabi). An ɗan ɗanɗani ɗan acidic na abin da keɓaɓɓun. Don wannan shuka, zaka iya amfani da kayan haɗin ƙasa da aka shirya don amfanin gonar Citrus.

Matsakaicin jigilar kayayyaki don Murray yana da mahimmanci. Wannan shuka yana buƙatar canja shi zuwa sabon akwati kawai lokacin da buƙata ta taso sosai, bayan tushen ya gama rufe dunƙulewar ƙurar ƙasa. Wannan doka ana lura da ita har ma da muryar matasa. Tsofaffi na iya buƙatar juyawa don shekaru 2-3 har zuwa shekaru 5, gwargwadon matakan ci gaban su. Ana maye gurbin ruwan saman a shekara.

Babban ƙa'idar don dasa murraya shine ba taɓa zurfafa tushen wuya ba. A kasan tanki ya zama matsakaici ko babba magudanar ruwa, yana da kyau a kiyaye murhun murhun gaba ɗaya, ba tare da ɓoye tushen ba, amma kawai canja wurin murray zuwa sabon tanki.

Murraya paniculata (Murraya paniculata).

Cututtukan Murray da kwari

Matsaloli tare da wannan shuka suna tasowa ne kawai tare da mummunan keta kulawa da karkacewa daga yanayin girma. Yawancin matsala Murraye yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo da sikelin kwari, waɗanda za a iya magance su ta hanyoyin sunadarai da na injinan (yawanci wanke ganyayyaki tare da amsawa a kan kari).

Matsaloli gama gari a cikin girma Murraya:

• faduwa da farfajiya a cikin busasshiyar iska;
• bayyanar madubin ruwan kasa akan ganyayyaki cikin iska mai isasshen iska;
• rawaya na ganye, canjin launi zuwa launin rawaya tare da isasshen ciyarwa ko amfani da ruwa mai wuya;
• bushewa ganye, bushe aibobi a hasken rana kai tsaye.

Muryar yaduwa

Wannan ingantaccen tsire-tsire ba mai sauƙi ba ne don haihuwa.

Hanya mafi araha shine tushen itace, amma don cin nasara, ya wajaba don samar da yanayi mai zafi sosai da kwanciyar hankali, daskarar da yanayin zafin rana da iska a ƙarƙashin kaho. Mafi kyawun lokacin yanka Murraya shine bazara. Lokacin yankan dunƙulen (firam na harbe na daidaitaccen tsawon 7-20 cm), yana da Dole a rage ganye da rabi. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena na mutum kai tsaye bayan rooting, amma sannu a hankali ya saba da yanayin al'ada.

Muryar tsaba Murrayu ana yada shi sosai akai-akai, ana daukar wannan hanyar da wahala, akasari saboda bukatar amfani da sabbin dabbobin da aka girbe (a haƙiƙa, shuka yakamata ayi da zaran an fitar da tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen-berriesan itace-)an itace). Amma zaka iya amfani dasu a cikin shekara guda bayan tarin tare da ƙananan kashi na yuwuwar nasara. Kafin yin shuka, yana da kyau a jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi. Zai fi kyau shuka iri ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya a cikin ƙananan kwantena mutum don kada ya nutse. An shuka tsaba a cikin duniya ko peat substrate zuwa zurfin daidai yake da girman su, bayan moistening kasar gona kuma tabbatar da rufe akwati da gilashi ko fim. Isowar seedlings zai jira tsawon wata guda, yana samar da daskararren ƙasa mai danshi da hasken haske. Yanayin zafi yana kama da waɗanda aka ba da shawarar don dasa tushen. Amma Murraya zai iya yin fure a cikin watanni 3-4 (yana da kyau kada ya ba da 'ya'ya, saboda a wannan lokacin tsire-tsire har yanzu basu da girma sosai, kuma wani lokacin suna yin leavesan ganye kawai). Abubuwan da aka sarrafa a cikin tukwane, suna kara girman su ta hanyar 2-3 cm, matasa murrayi kawai bayan canjin da ya gabata sun sami cikakkiyar masaniya.