Europeasashen Turai suna da masaniyar da suka saba da itacen itacen shayi ga kyaftin ɗin Cook: daya daga cikin membobin yawon shakatawarsa ya kawo zuriyar wannan daji zuwa cikin Tsohuwar Duniya. Tare da kulawa da hankali a gida, itacen shayi yana girma da kyan gani har ma yana bada 'ya'ya. Tabbas, don samar da ganyen shayi na daji na cikin gida zai isa sau biyu, don haka suke girma a matsayin shuka na ornamental.
Tea daji shuka (Thea) mallakar gidan Tea ne. Gida na - Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
A Sin da India, ana girbe shayi da hannu. Wannan mafi yawanci ana yin shi ne matasa mata da 'yan mata, ko da yake shan shayi yana da wahala a jiki kuma yana da ƙoshin aiki. Ganyen ganye da ganye an toya su kuma aka ajiye su cikin kwandunan shara da aka sanya a bayan masu shayi. Tare da hanyar kai tsaye na tattara shayi, akwai kuma hanyoyin kerarre. Ana amfani da injina na musamman, a matsayin mai mulkin, don tattara ƙananan kayan masarufi na rassan shayi da ganyayyaki da suka rigaya, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don samin yawanci ana matsewa da kuma cirewa.
Ingancin shayi shima ya dogara da lokacin tara kayan abinci. Shahararrun shayi ana yinsu ne daga walƙatun filayen fure da kuma itacen daji na shayi waɗanda basu da lokaci don buɗewa, waɗanda aka tattara da sanyin safiya kafin fitowar rana ko da yamma, bayan faɗuwar rana.
An yi imanin cewa shayi da aka girbe a lokutan hasken rana yana da kyawawan abubuwa na astringent kuma mafi ma'ana ƙarshen aftertaste. Bugu da kari, an rage adadin maganin kafeyin da bitamin dake cikin wannan shayi.
Itace Tea a cikin al'ada
Tea daji samu sunan da kwatsam. A cikin 1770, kyaftin almara James Cook ya sauka a gabar tekun Australia, kuma matuƙin jirgin ruwan masu tafiya, suna bin misalin ativesan asalin ƙasar, sun fara yin shayi daga ganyen wani daji da ke girma a bakin tekun. Masanin ilimin halitta, Joseph Banks, ya tattara samfuran shuka ya kawo shi Landan, yana mai da itacen shayi. Wannan sunan ya samo asali, duk da cewa daji bashi da alaƙa da shayi, kuma mahimmin mai da ke cikin ganyayyaki ya kasance mai guba. Carl Linnaeus ne ya ba da sunan sunan Melaleuca, wanda hakan ya ba da bayanin bayyanar tsiron: mela a helenanci yana nufin "baƙi" kuma leuca yana nufin "fari". Gaskiyar ita ce, haushi dajin yana da dukiya mai ban sha'awa: koyaushe yana "bayyanar da shi", yana fallasa hasken ciki yadudduka, yayin da shimfidar waje yana kama da wuta.
Itacen shayi yana da ƙaunar ruwa, sabili da haka mazaunan Ostiraliya sun dasa shi a cikin wurare masu lalatattu don magudana ƙasa - Tushen bishiran sun sha ruwa mai yawa wanda ƙasa ta bushe da bushewa. A farkon karni na XX. an kawo shi Florida don wannan dalili. Koyaya, bayan shekaru da yawa, dasa bishiyoyin shayi sun fara girma ba tare da kulawa ba kuma sun canza flora da biocenosis na yawancin sassan Florida, wanda har zuwa yau babbar matsala ce ta muhalli.
Itace mai shayi na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ganyayyakinsa suna girma tare da filayen peculiar, sunyi kama sosai da waɗanda ake amfani da girbi. Furen itacen Tea suna kama da kwatankwacin goge kwalban. Aborigines na Ostiraliya sun gaskata cewa ƙanshi mai daɗaɗaɗɗen ganyen bishiyar shayi yana ba da tsabta a cikin gida, yana hana kamuwa da cuta. Kuma hakika, kamar yadda ya juya, ganyen bishiyoyin shayi suna da takamaiman hadaddun - mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, antiviral da tasirin antifungal. Don haka, tsabtace dakin tare da ganyen ganye na ganye da furannin bishiyoyin shayi sun kasance daidai da lalata na zamani, wanda samanan an goge shi da maganin mafitsara kuma aka fallasa shi da zafin rana.
Itace ɗan itacen shayi yana iya yin girma a kan filayen ƙasan filaye, da kankara. Wannan inji shi ne Hardy kuma quite unpretentious. Tea daji na iya dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban, yana jure zafi da sanyi. Ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan "annoba", waɗanda ke haifar da babban haɗari ga yawancin albarkatu na wurare masu zafi da ƙananan kwari. Dankin yana da dorewa - bushes na iya rayuwa ya ba da 'ya'ya fiye da shekara 100.
A kasar Sin, an gabatar da shayi a cikin al'adun a tsakiyar karni na 4; a Japan, ya zama sananne ne bayan shekaru 500, kuma a lokaci guda ya bazu zuwa Koriya.
Tea ya zo Turai a karni na 16, kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban - zuwa Yammacin Turai daga Indiya, Sri Lanka da Kudancin China, da kuma Gabashin Turai - daga Arewacin China a shekara ta 1638. Tea ya ba da Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich na Rasha a matsayin magani ga “sanyi da ciwon kai. " An daɗe, ana amfani da abin sha na ganye na kasar Sin a matsayin maganin warkarwa. Kuma an kawo dajin shayi na farko zuwa Rasha zuwa Lambun Bottinical na Nikitsky a Crimea a cikin 1817 kuma zuwa Georgia a tsakiyar karni na XIX.
A Yammacin Turai, ana kiran wannan abin sha "ti", kamar yadda yake a cikin yaren Sinawa na Kudu, kuma a Gabashin Turai ana kiranta shayi daga Sinawa ta Arewa "cha". A cikin fassara, sunaye biyu suna ma'ana daidai da wancan: "ƙaramin littafin matasa."
A Burtaniya, tare da hasken Duchess na Bradford, wanda ya yanke shawarar cewa hutu tsakanin abincin hausawa na gargajiya da abincin dare ya wuce tsawon lokaci, bikin shayi ya zama tilas ga al'adar kasa tun daga 1840. Daidai a 5 p.m. na gida lokaci, wanda ake kira a can "fyff o klok", duk Burtaniya tana zaune a teburin shayi; Kofuna miliyan 200 na shayi, a cewar kididdigar, mutanen Biritaniya suna bugu a cikin rana guda (matsakaici na kofuna waɗanda 4.5 kowane). Wannan shine rabin ruwan da suke amfani dashi.
Amma ga Rasha da sauran ƙasashe na gabashin Slavic, lokaci mai yawa ya wuce a gaban magabatanmu, sun saba da kvass da tinctures na tsire-tsire iri daban-daban, da gaske sun yaba da wannan abin sha mai ban sha'awa.
Na dogon lokaci, masu arziki kawai ke shan shayi a kasashe daban-daban, saboda ba shi da arha. Wannan wani lokacin yakan haifar da rashin jituwa a tsakanin jama'a. Don haka, yin zanga-zangar adawa da hauhawar farashin shayi wanda masarautar Burtaniya ta kafa, mazauna yankin Arewacin Amurka da ke Boston, daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila na Arewacin Amurka suka kama, sai suka kwace wani jirgin ruwan Ingila wanda ya isa wurin sannan ya jera dukkanin kayan jigilar kayan shayi - a cikin teku. Wannan lamari ya sauka cikin tarihi a matsayin "Teungiyar Shayi ta Boston" kuma alama ce ta yaƙin 'yantar da yawan jama'ar yankunan mulkin mallakar Ingila a Arewacin Amurka, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da bayyanar Amurka ta yanzu.
A zamanin yau, ana noma shayi bisa sikelin masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe sama da 30.
Sunan kimiyya na shayi shine "camellia na kasar Sin."
Yanzu ana sanin nau'ikan camellias 24 kuma yawancinsu, yawancinsu sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Wasu daga jinsinsu ana girma ne saboda dalilai na ado kawai.
Menene itacen shayi yake kamar: bayanin, hoton ganye da furanni na daji
Bushan shayi itace ƙaramin itace mai kullun, galibi itace wacce take girma har zuwa cm 50 a ɗakunan yara.Yanyan arean wasan suna rufe gashin gashi mai laushi (cikin Sinanci - “bai-hao”, saboda haka sunan shayi da ake shirya shine baikhovaya).
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, ganyen daji shayi ƙanana ne (4-10 cm), tare da gajeren internodes:
Furen daji na shayi fararen fata ne, tare da ƙanshin m mai ban sha'awa da launin rawaya mai haske, kyawawan tambari masu kyau. 'Ya'yan itacen daji na shayi akwati ne da tsaba masu launin shuɗi.
Shuka bishiyar shayi a gida, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, ba shi da wahala. A ɗaka, wannan tsire-tsire na iya yin fure akai-akai da 'ya'yan itace. Yana blooms a watan Satumba - Nuwamba, da tsaba ripen na gaba shekara
A gida, yana girma sosai:
Shagon Assamese (Th. Assamica)
shayi na kasar Sin (Th. Sinensis).
Daji na kasar Sin (Thea sinensis L.) karamin ciyawa ne, wanda yake mara kwari ne, ba karamin bishiyun itacen ba ne.
Wannan inji mallakar gidan shayi (Theaceae). Tea itacen Sinanci na iya zama nau'ikan Sinanci da Jafananci.
Tsawon wannan tsinkayen yana kan matsakaici daga cm 60 zuwa 100. A kasar Sin, samfuran itacen shayi sun kai mafi girma. Misali, a cikin Gaolis County, suna girma zuwa m 16. Gindi na irin wannan itacen shayi yana da ƙarfi sosai. Tabbas, ba za a iya yin amfani da ganyen bishiyoyi a maɓallin shayi mai girma ba, amma ana iya samun farin ciki da zurfin tunani game da wannan tsiron.
Dubi yadda itacen shayi yake a cikin waɗannan hotunan:
Ganyen shayi sune na fata mai launin fata, gefensu mai kaifi ne. Matasa, ganye marasa lullube an rufe su da farin kwalliya na azurfa. Tunda itacen shayi yana cikin nau'in disiduous, sabili da haka, ganyayyakinsa suna rayuwa sama da shekara guda, sannan kuma ya fadi. Amma a duk tsawon lokacin da suka girma da balaga, cikin ganyayyaki kasance kore, kusan ba su canza launi. Matasa masu ganye suna inuwa mai haske, yayin da waɗanda suka manyanta suka samo launin kore mai cikakken tsawon lokaci.
Furen itacen Tea fari fari, kuma akwai ruwan hoda a launi, mai dumbin yawa. Furanni suna yada kamshi mai ƙanshi mai haske, wanda baya ma da kamannin kamshin abin sha da aka yi daga ganyen wannan bishiyar.
'Ya'yan itãcen itacen shayi sun haɗu a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, kusan shekara guda bayan farkon farkon fure. 'Ya'yan itace akwati ne da za'a iya buɗe akan fikafikan. A cikin kowane akwati akwai ƙarancin tsaba (daga 1 zuwa 6, gwargwadon girman 'ya'yan itacen da shekarun itacen). Hazelnut-sized shayi tsaba tsaba mai wuya-peeled.
Mai zuwa ya bayyana yadda ake girma daji na shayi a gida.
Yadda ake shuka itacen shayi a gida da yadda ake kulawa da daji
Kamar kowane tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire na itace mai shayi suna buƙatar rana da yawa, iska mai tsabta, yin hankali a cikin hunturu kuma yalwatacce - a lokacin rani. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, daji mai shayi ya girma sosai, fure da 'ya'yan itace.
Lokacin da kake kula da itacen shayi, kar ka manta cewa wannan al'ada ce mai daukar hoto, kuma tana jure da inuwa mai rauni.
Don kiyaye daji na shayi a gida a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar samar da zazzabi na 5-8 ° C, a lokacin rani - 18-25 ° C, dole ne a fesa kullun. A lokacin rani, yana da kyau ɗaukar tsire a cikin iska.
Clay da leamy kasa, ba sako-sako ba sosai, amma mai gina jiki, sun fi dacewa da bunkasa daji na shayi. Sauyin yakamata ya zama mai gina jiki, takin ƙasa, acidic: turfy ƙasa, humus, peat, yashi (1: 1: 1: 1), pH 4.5-5.5. Za'a iya amfani da firsimeti da aka shirya don azaleas.
Yadda ake dasa bishiyar shayi: kulawar gida
Watering yana da yawa a lokacin rani, matsakaici a kaka da kuma hunturu.
Don kula da itacen shayi sosai sosai, lokacin haɓaka, daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, sau biyu a wata, ana buƙatar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai.
Transshipment na tsire-tsire har zuwa shekaru 5 ana aiwatar da su a shekara, a nan gaba - maye gurbin saman.
Don mafi kyawun tsiro, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai 15-20 cm, ana dasa su zuwa tsayi 10 cm daga ƙasa. Don hana daji girma, a kowace shekara a cikin kaka ya kamata a yanke shi zuwa cm cm 5. Don samun kyakkyawan tsari, kuna buƙatar yanke shi a bazara kuma a yanka shi a farkon bazara don samar da daji. Don haɓaka yawan amfanin da ganyen shayi, ana bai wa bushes cikakke rawanin.
Don dasa itacen shayi, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, ya isa yin shuka iri a cikin cakuda ƙasa nan da nan bayan an tattara. Ana iya yada shi ta hanyar yanka a farkon bazara.
Bayan haka, za ku koya game da kaddarorin da amfani da itacen shayi mai mahimmanci.
Tea itace mai mahimmanci: kaddarorin da aikace-aikace
Mahimmancin mai yana lalata cuta, ba wai kawai akan hanyoyin da aka bi da su ba, har ma a cikin iska saboda gaskiyar cewa ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin mara ƙarfi. An yi amfani da wannan kadara ta ganye, ba shakka, a cikin maganin gargajiya: ana amfani da ganyen itacen shayi mai ɗaci da ganye don azaman raunuka, don maganin ƙonewa. Hakanan an sani cewa ana amfani da itacen shayi mai mahimmanci don magance maciji, kwari da wuraren cizon dabbobi.
Binciken zamani ya nuna cewa ganyen ganye (mai mahimmanci) na itacen shayi yana kama da haɗuwa da ganyen ganye na wata shuka ta Australiya - eucalyptus. Yana da eucalyptol da yawa - wani fili wanda aka ɗauki shi daban ne ga eucalyptus, haka ma terpenes - terpin, terpineol, terpinole da sauran mahadi. A shekarar 1920, masanin ilmin sunadarai na Australia Arthur Penfold ya tabbatar da cewa gwajin itacen shayi ya ninka har sau 11 a cikin abubuwanda yake lalata su. Sannan labarin amfani da wannan sinadaran a cikin kayan kwalliya ya fara. A cikin 1949, an hada da itacen man shayi a cikin Dokar Magunguna ta Burtaniya. Ana ba da tasirin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar 4-terpineol, wanda bisa ga ka'idojin da aka yarda a Ostiraliya, man ya zama aƙalla 30%.
