Kwari na Apple da hanyoyin sarrafawa

Sashe na 1. Cututtukan naman gwari da cututtukan hoto na itatuwan apple
Kashi na 2. Kare itacen apple daga kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta
Kashi 3. pestsarin kwari na Apple - hanyoyin sarrafawa

Aiki kan kare itatuwan apple daga kwari za a iya rarrabasu akan hankali:

kaka-hunturu
bazara-bazara.

Itace Apple

Aikin kaka-hunturu don kare bishiyar apple daga kwari

Yawancin kwari a cikin ƙasa. Wasu suna ɓoye cikin ganye da ciyawa. Sabili da haka, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin itacen apple ta sami 'yanci daga ciyawar ganye da ganye, fruitsa mumman itaciya. Suna yin takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium kuma sun tono su 10 cm 10, don kada su lalata tsarin tushen bishiyoyi.

A cikin hunturu, babban kwari kwari sune mice, hares da rana mai haske.

Don adana tsintsiya daga ƙonewa a ranakun hunturu (musamman ma itatuwan apple), an yi zubinsu da maganin sabon ruwan lemun tsami da yumɓu. An saka sulfate jan karfe da man gyada a cikin cakuda don mafi kyawun adhesion. Kuna iya ƙara kowane shirye-shirye na kwari da fungicidal don kwari da cututtuka.
A kan tsoffin bishiyoyi, ana amfani da belts na farauta a tsayin 30-40 cm, yana gyara su a cikin akwati tare da manne na mata na mata, wanda ba ya bushewa kan lokaci. Suna sa mai 30 cm cm daga tushe da kwarangwal rassan a Maris-Afrilu. Karin kwari da ke farkawa suna manne da gumin man ya mutu, gami da tururuwa.
Daga bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin hunturu da bazara wanda ke haifar da fashewar haushi, suna rufewa a kudu, kuma a tsakiya da arewacin yankuna, an tattara shinge na kananan bishiyoyin apple tare da ruberoid, burlap da sauran kayan. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayar matasa, tsari yana rufe tushe da rassan kwarangwal (wani lokacin zuwa gagarar).
A cikin hunturu, mice kunna kwari. Suna lalata tsarin tushe, lalata matasa haushi. Raunin da ya kamu, itaciyar ta kamu da rashin lafiya kuma a hankali ta mutu. Daga kaka, mice dole ne a sa guba. An shirya guba mai guba daga cakuda kowane hatsi da tsaba sunflower. Toara zuwa cakuda 50-70 g na man sunflower (haɓaka mannewa), 70-100 g na bera ko wasu ƙwayoyi mai guba, haɗa sosai kuma shimfiɗa a mink ko a cikin yankin bayan 3-4 m. Dole ne a rufe hatsi mai ƙura tare da filastik mara nauyi mara nauyi, baƙin ƙarfe, katako ya mutu (don kada iska ta busa shi) don kare kan tsuntsaye.
A cikin hunturu, bayan dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun, kuna buƙatar gurɓata dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da da'irar akwati. Wannan taron zai rage wadatar da beraye zuwa kayan amfanin gona.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙwanƙwasa sun lalace, wanda a cikin hunturu yana haifar da lahani mai mahimmanci, musamman ga kananan bishiyoyi. A sauƙaƙe shawo kan ɗumama da zazzagewa kuma su lalata ƙwan matashin. Kariya daga ƙanƙan wuta - Gitti Rabitsa, sanye da mayafi a saman rufin kusan mil 1 a tsayi. Daga ƙasa, dole ne a haƙa raga a ƙasa.

Treearshen itacen ɗanɗani. Karl Foord

Kowane lambun yakamata ya sami masu kiwo, gidajen shakatawa, masu jan tsuntsaye. Suna ba da babban taimako a cikin lalata kwari a cikin bazara da bazara.

Aikin bazara-bazara don kare bishiyar apple daga kwari

A cikin bazara, gonar tana da mafi yawan aikin. Don wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya zama dole a yi aiki da yawa a cikin gonar kuma a shirya kayan amfanin gona na ciyayi.

Janar da matakan kariya

Sake bincika itacen apple. Muna cire wuraren girke overwintered tare da kwari, muna share kututturen bishiyar ɓarnar haushi, rufe maɗaura da fasa a cikin haushi, yanke fata ko fenti tare da fenti.
Tare da farawar yanayi mai ɗorewa, muna cire rufi, bi da kayan da aka yi amfani da shi tare da shirye-shiryen halaka kwari da cututtuka, kuma sanya su a cikin ɗakin har faɗuwar.
Muna cire bel ɗin kifi kuma muna ƙonewa. Don kare kututtukan bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, rassan kwarangwal da kuma mai tushe na bishiyoyin apple daga zafin rana, muna sake maimaita farawar ta hanyar ƙara ƙoshin magungunan kashe ƙwari mai guba na dichlorvos, BI-58 da sauransu, waɗanda ke jan hankalin kwari. Madadin lemun tsami, yana da kyau a yi amfani da alli, ruɓaɓɓen ruwa ko wasu kayan da ba za su haifar da ƙonewa ga ƙusa matasa ba da farin itacen apple. A cikin cakuda don fararen fari, zaku iya ƙara nitrofen a cikin adadin 200 g da guga na ruwa. A miyagun ƙwayoyi ne tasiri a kan wintering qwai na kwari. Ana iya amfani da wannan maganin don magance rawanin bishiyun bishiyoyi kafin budding.
Bayan fararen fararen fata, muna amfani da manne na anti-track na musamman da gyara sabbin belts na farauta, muna kulawa da su da magungunan kashe ƙwari. Sariyar tururuwa da sauran kwari za su mutu a cikin belts na farauta da kuma a kan m itace. A cikin bazara mun sake maye gurbin belts na farauta a cikin kwanaki 10-12. Ba dole ba ne an ƙone.
Tare da farko na zafi, yada fim a ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi marasa ganye, girgiza rassan bishiyoyi tare da dogayen sanda. A zazzabi na + 6- + 9ºС, kumburi mai narkewa daga sanyi da sawakura zasu yayyafa a zuriyar dabbobi. Ya saura don tattara da kuma lalata kwari. Aikin da aka yi zai taimaka sosai rage adadin kwari a gonar.

Fuskokin fari na fari na bishiyar apple. © NPS

Iri kwari a kan bishiyoyin apple

Karin kwari bisa ga hanyar haifar da lahani ga tsirrai sun kasu kashi biyu: tsotsa da cizon sauro.

Zuwa tsotsa kwari sun haɗa da waɗanda suka yanke shawara akan tsire-tsire da ruwan madara ta hanyar alamomin, hana al'adar abinci na yau da kullun (aphids, ticks, kwari kwari, kwari na ganye, cicadas, pennies).

Haɗarin kwari ciyar a kan ganyayyaki, ovaries, buds, fure, matasa harbe da asalinsu. Cin yara ciyayi da gabobin halitta, suna haifar da lahani ga tsire-tsire. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da caterpillars na marubuta iri-iri, katako, dawa, baƙaƙen ƙarfe, ƙugiya, Mayu, da sauransu.

Tsotsa kwari (aphids, ganye kwari, tinnitsa), rayayye farfadowa, samar da farkon farkon spring manyan mazauna, wanda tare da epiphytoties rufe matasa buds, kore harbe da kuma leaflet ganye a da yawa yadudduka. Sakamakon mahimmancin aikin kwaro na kwaro, ya kasance "warewar zuma". Ruwan farin ruwa shine abincin da akafi so da tururuwa da ƙasa mai kyau don tanadi. 'Ya'yan tururuwa, ciyar da raɓa a cikin zuma, ba da son ransu su ne masu ɗaukar cututtukan fungal da yawa.

Tarkon kwari mai kwari. Y Amy Kyauta

Kafin kuma a lokacin fure, aphid larvae hašawa zuwa aphids da fleas, kuma bayan taro flowering na apple itatuwa, larvae na wani sata da kuma hange scabbard bayyana daga dage farawa qwai. Sukan yi jujjuyawa tare da matasa harbe na kambi da kuma ciyar a kan shuka ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A sakamakon haka, matasa shuke-shuke iya mutu, kuma a cikin manya 'ya'yan itace-hali cultivars, mutum perennial rassan bushe fita.

Hanyar sarrafa sarrafa kwari a jikin bishiyun apple

Hanyoyin da za a iya sarrafa kwari masu tsotsa sun kasu kashi biyu (an tattauna a cikin labarin da ke sama), sinadarai da jama'a. Binciko takamaiman kwari ga kowane kwaro ba shi da tsada kuma ba matsala. Shirye-shiryen kemikal na aikin tsari sun fi dacewa a gare su. Kasancewa a cikin kyallen al'adu, su, tare da ruwan kwaro na tsire-tsire masu guba, suna shiga hanjin kwari da haifar da mutuwarsu.

Tsarin don amfani da sinadarai a kan tsoratar da kwari

Chemicals na buƙatar tsaurara matakan tsaro. Amfani da sinadarai don lura da shuka ya zama dole bisa ga shawarwari da umarnin. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da lokacin sarrafawa, bayan wannan za'a iya amfani da 'ya'yan itacen a abinci. Tabbatar yin aiki a cikin riguna masu kariya, a cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula, mafi kyau a cikin mashin gas. Bayan kammala aiki, canza tufafi kuma shawa.

Kafin budurwa, muna fesa gangar jikin da kambi na itatuwan apple tare da nitrophene. Muna shirya mafita ta amfani da 200 g na magani a cikin guga na ruwa. Nitrofen yana lalata ƙwai kwaro da aka sanya a cikin gabobin tsire-tsire daga kaka.
Hakanan yana da tasiri kafin fesa kodan ta hanyar fesawa tare da maganin DNOC tare da haɗakar 100 g a 10 l na ruwa.
A cikin yanayin kumburin koda, kafin da bayan furanni, yana da kyau a fesa tare da cakuda tankin HOM da Fufanon, bisa ga shawarar da aka haɗe.
Daga cikin magungunan tsari da ke lalata hanji na tsotsa kwari, sun fi tasiri a kan dukkan nau'ikan aphids, kwari na ganye, scmaies comma, scabs na karya, rovikurt, karbofos, benzophosphate.

Cakuda mai ɗorewa don kare bishiyoyi daga kwari

An fitar da sababbin magunguna waɗanda ke yin aiki duka biyu da zaɓuɓɓuka kuma a kan duka rukunin tsoffin kwari:

An bada shawarar rana don amfani da ticks da fararen fata a duk matakai na ci gaba na itacen apple;
Nisaran, Borneo halaka ba kawai larvae, amma kwaro qwai. Lokacin aiwatar da bishiyoyi na iya maye gurbin nitrofen;
zane mai saƙa musamman takamaiman ga gizo-gizo gizo-gizo;
actara, confidor yadda yakamata halaka aphids;
Mospilan da daraja magunguna ne na tsari da aiki tare da lalata ƙwai, larvae da kwari mai girma.

Amfani da samfuran halitta da tsoffin kwari

A gida, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu (bioinsecticides) don kare itatuwan apple daga kwari. Ba su da lahani ga ’yan uwa, dabbobi da kuma kwari masu amfani (ƙudan zuma). Ana iya amfani dasu kusan ƙarshen ƙarshen girma, gami da girbi.

Dalilin bioinsecticides al'adun rayuwa ne na microflora masu amfani, waɗanda kan aiwatar da rayuwa suna lalata kwari, suna daidaitawa a jikinsu.

Daga cikin bioinsecticides don kula da tsire-tsire, boverin, phytoverm, actofit, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, da bicol an san su a matsayin mafi inganci. Ana nuna allurai da lokuta na magani ga kowane magani a cikin shawarwarin da suka biyo ciki. Ya kamata a lura cewa bioinsecticides ana iya haɗuwa tare da wasu samfuran halitta, wanda ke rage nauyin akan itacen yayin jiyya.

Aphids da farin fararen fata suna lalata verticillin.
Bitoxibacillin da bicol da sauri suna aiki akan aphids da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.

Bioinsecticides suna da tsari da tasirin lamba. Suna haifar da mutuwar tsotsa kwari kuma a lokaci guda, mallaki kaddarorin nau'in neurotoxin, haifar da inna da mutuwar siffofin manya. Bioinsecticides suna da gajeren lokacin bayyanawa ga kwari kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin amfani da kwayoyi. Koyaya, lafiyar ta fi tsada!

Ana sarrafa itacen apple tare da shirye-shirye na musamman. Rt mayrtree

Karkarin kwari a jikin bishiyar apple

Ba kamar tsotsa kwari ba, gnaws suna cutar da jiki ga bishiyoyin apple, ta amfani da ganyayyaki da gabobin abinci don abinci. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da ƙwayar ƙwaro, irin ƙwaro, ƙwaya, fure na fure, gwozayen ganye, murhun itace, nutcrackers, barbel. Lingan itacen ora masu ƙwarewa a cikin lalacewar fruita fruitan itace, da yawa kuma malam buɗe ido sune manyan masu samar da caterpillars waɗanda zasu iya lalata amfanin gona cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Mafi yawan kwari suna ɓoye cikin ɓarnar amfanin gona da kansu (carra fruitsan iona fruitsan itaciya, ganyayyaki da suka fadi, sassan rassan daga pruning, haushi, da dai sauransu) a cikin hanyar manya ko sa ƙwai, daga abin da larvae, caterpillars parasitizing a gabobin tsire-tsire ƙyanƙyashe bayan bazara da zafi .

Hanyar kariya daga cutar karin kwari

Chemical

Don kare daga kwari masu lalata, ana amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyi guda ɗaya don wakilin tsotsa - kalbofos, benzophosphate, actara, decis, fastak.

Ana bada shawarar Trichloromethaphos musamman akan sawflies da kwari masu ma'adinai. Tare da sauran magungunan gaba da asu na codling, Rovikurt da Zolon suna da tasiri.

Kayayyakin halittu

Daga cikin samfuran kwayar halitta, jagoran da yake shine maganin kashe kwari. Dangane da zaɓin sakamako akan kwari, actophyte, aversctin-C, avertin-N ana samun nasarar yin amfani da su nematodes, caterpillars a farkon matakan haɓaka, ticks.

Hankali!
Dukkanin sunadarai suna da babban haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
Ana iya amfani da sababbin magunguna a cikin gaurayawan tanki (ana buƙatar gwajin karfin jituwa).
Ana iya amfani da yawancin samfuran halittu bayan magani tare da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Amfani da sinadarai yana iyakance cikin lokaci. Ya kamata a gudanar da jiyya ta ƙarshe ba tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen farkon 'ya'yan itace ba ko wata daya kafin girbi.

Rataya tarko-tarko akan bishiyoyin apple

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, kwari iri ɗaya, sunadarai da na halitta, ana amfani da su don shawo kan kwari da cizon kwari. Ba wuya, bishiyun apple ke shafar nau'in kwaro ɗaya kawai, saboda haka, ta amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi akan mutum ɗaya, hakika kare itacen apple daga sauran. Babban yanayin don ingantaccen kariya shine ainihin aiwatar da umarni da shawarwari don amfanin su.