Saboda bayyanar sabon abu wanda ba a san shi ba (kunama), shi ma yana da wasu suna - "Kafar giwayen", "Wutsiyar doki". Gangar jikin nolina yana kama da kwalban, daga wannan ma yana da suna na uku - "Itace tlearamar Kwal". Danshi a cikin ƙananan akwati yana aiki don tara danshi. Ganyen nolina suna da kunkuntar, dogaye, tare da ƙarshen nuna.
Rod Nolin (Nolina), ko Bokarney (Beaucarnea) yana da kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 30 na dangin Agave (Agavaceae), na kowa ne a Arewacin Amurka, akasari a Mexico.
Nolina (Nolina) ko Bokarneya (Beaucarnea). . RobertMafi sau da yawa waɗannan ƙananan bishiyoyi ne tare da tushe mai kumbura daga cikin akwati. Wannan toshewa itace tafarnuwa mai inganci kuma yana bawa nolins damar rayuwa a wuraren da ake ruwa a zahiri sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara. Dogon, ganye mai kunkuntar shima ya taimaka ya rayu a irin wannan yanayin, yana da ikon tattarawa a cikin falo mai yawa cikin matsanancin zafi kuma, game da shi, ya rage rage kwararawar ruwa.
Wasu kwastomomi kuma sun hada da halittar Bokarneya a cikin halittar Nolin (Beaucarnea) na daya iyali. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan halittar gargajiya na gargajiya ana san su nan da nan a ƙarƙashin sunaye da yawa, alal misali, nau'in recallvata Beaucarnea kuma ana kiranta da suna Nolina recurvata (galibi ana kiran sunan farko da inganci).
Nolina, ko kuma ana kiranta Bokarney, na iya zama mai ban sha'awa a matsayin tsirrai ɗaya marasa tsayi. Basean itace mai santsi, kamar kwankwason ƙasa yana riƙe da ruwa, don haka rashin danshi na ɗan lokaci a tushen ba zai haifar da lahani ga shuka ba. Saboda wannan kafuwar, tsiron ya karɓi sanannen sunan Ingilishi "kafaffen giwa", kuma saboda rawanin ganye mai ɗamarar dogon ganye-kamar "wutsiyar doki". Nolina watakila itace kwalban da aka fi sani akan kasuwar Rasha.
'Ya'yan itaciya,' watau tsiro tare da daskararren daskararre mai danshi a gindin, sun shahara sosai tsakanin masoyan shuka na cikin gida. Dalilan wannan sanannen shine sauƙin kulawa, jure bishiyoyin kwalba ga bushewar iska da dumbin yanayi, kuma, hakika, bayyanar da ba ta saba ba. Musamman nolina mai ban sha'awa (bokarneya) yana kallo a cikin ɗakuna tare da zane na zamani (a cikin kayan fasaha da tsalle-tsalle), ana amfani dashi azaman tsire-tsire na kayan ado.
A karkashin yanayi na halitta, nolin (kunama) rassan bayan fure, duk da haka, kasuwancin Dutchmen sun sami sakamako iri ɗaya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ta amfani da aski. An yi kaurin damben (har zuwa 1 m in diamita) an kawata shi da wasu gungun kungiyoyi masu zane na kwarara. Tabbas, babban nolina mai ingantaccen tsari yana kashe kuɗi mai yawa. Sabili da haka, sau da yawa suna sayar da tsire-tsire matasa, suna ajiye su da yawa a cikin tukunya ɗaya. Irin wannan kayan dasawa mai rahusa ne, amma yana iya ɗaukar fiye da ɗaya lokacin don samar da "itacen kwalban" na hali. A cikin dakuna, kawo nolin zuwa fure yana da matukar wahala.
Thinner (Beaucarnea gracilis), ko kuma bakin ciki nolina (Nolina gracilis). © ZrudaTushen nolin girma a cikin faɗin ƙasa, amma ba zurfi (a cikin ƙasa wannan sabon abu shuka ke samuwa a kan m kasa da m m Layer). A saboda wannan dalili, nolins suna buƙatar jita-jita masu yawa da kuma magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Kuna iya zuba Layer na tsakuwa mai kyau a kan turɓayar ƙasa, wanda zai hana samuwar ɓawon burodi da kuma jaddada halayen ado na nolin.
Nolina kulawa a gida
Nolina, ko Bokarneya wata itaciya ce mara ma'ana, kuma ba shi da wahalar shukawa har ma da sabon shiga da ke son ciyawar cikin gida. Yana jin mafi kyau a wuri mai haske, amma ya kamata a guji hasken rana kai tsaye. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, yana da mahimmanci don haskaka shuka tare da fitilun mai kyalli.
A lokacin bazara-bazara, nolin (bokarneya) yana jure yanayin zafi dakin sosai. A cikin dukkan lokuta, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa babu wasu kwararru, ta yarda da su sosai.
A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da tsiron zuwa cikin sararin sama, amma ya kamata a daidaita shi saboda ya sami kariya daga iska da ruwan sama.
A lokacin kaka-hunturu, domin shuka ya shiga lokacin damuwa, sannu a hankali ana rage zafin jiki zuwa 10 ° C. Duk da cewa kuna da gogewa a cikin girma cacti da succulents, zaku iya ƙunsar nolin a cikin lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu a zazzabi na 3 ... 5 ° C, a wannan yanayin yanayin mafi kyawun yanayi an halicce shi don lokacin sanyi.
Nolina longifolia (Nolina longifolia). Satarwa56A cikin ƙasarsu, nolins suna girma a tsawan sama da nisan mita 3,000 sama da matakin teku, inda cikin dare dare yayi sanyi zuwa ƙimar mara kyau, saboda zasu iya jure yanayin ƙarancin iska. Mafi yawan lokuta, a yanayin dakin, ba kowa bane ke da damar bayar da mara lafiya (karin gilashin) tare da zazzabi da ya dace don lokacin hutu, kuma ana kiyaye shi ba tare da shi ba. A yanayin zafi a daki, shuka ba ya shiga wani yanayi mai wahala, kuma ya ci gaba da haɓaka; a wannan lokacin, ya zama dole don samar da kyakkyawan hasken zuwa maraɗaice.
A cikin lokacin bazara-bazara, nolina (mulufi) ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan shayarwa (a rage tukunya tare da shuka a cikin kwantena na ruwa, kuma a fitar da shi lokacin da saman Layer na substrate ya haskaka, ba da izinin ruwa mai yawa a magudana kuma sanya a cikin wurin dindindin). Dole ne a yi amfani da ruwa na gaba lokacin da ƙammar murhu ta bushe. Idan kun kiyaye tsalle-tsalle a cikin bazara da hunturu a zazzabi a ɗakin, ba tare da wani lokacin hutawa ba, dole ne a shayar da su a cikin rani. A mafi yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu, ƙara yawan iska, lokaci-lokaci dan kadan fesa ganye. Ya kamata a iyakance ruwa (a zazzabi na 10 ... 15 ° C), ko a tsaida shi gaba ɗaya (a yanayin zafi sama da 10 ° C) idan kun ƙunshi nolin a yanayin zafi kaɗan kuma yana cikin lokacin hutawa. Ya kamata kar a manta cewa ruwa mai wuce gona da iri, kamar sauran tsire-tsire daga hamada, na iya zama mai muni (hana ruwa a cikin hunturu yana da haɗari musamman don guje wa wannan, yawancin lambu suna amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa).
Bokarneya lanƙwasa (Beaucarnea recurvata), ko Nolina lanƙwasa (Nolina recurvata). © Mark MaunoA cikin yanayin dakin, nolin baya buƙatar fesawa, amma dole ne a goge ganyen a lokaci-lokaci tare da soso mai laushi mai laushi. A dabi'a, nolins suna fitar da ruwa ta hanyar tattara ɗimbin dew a cikin mazauninsu. Masu tattara danshi sune doguwar siffa ta gutter, wanda raɓa ne ya sauka zuwa tsakiyar kambi kuma yaci gaba da gindin zuwa Tushen. Wannan nolins yana rama a koyaushe rashi na ruwan sama, halayyar mahaifarsu. Zaku iya sauƙaƙe raɓa ta hanyar fesar da kambi tare da ruwan da aka dafa shi da dumi. Amma kada kuyi wannan a rana mai zafi. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine safiya ko yamma.
A farkon shekarun, nolins (bokarneys) suna girma da sauri, kuma da shekaru 6-7 suna juya zuwa manyan tsire-tsire na waje cikin kyawawan hannaye. Saboda haka, amfani da ƙarin takin ƙasa ba ya da ma'ana da yawa. Idan har yanzu kuna da sha'awar ciyar da tsiron ku, to sai kuyi amfani da gaurayawar ma'adinan ruwa. Ana yin miya babba sau ɗaya a kowane mako uku. Yi taro na takin da aka gama sau 1.5-2 ƙasa da yadda aka nuna akan kunshin. A bayyane yake cewa dukkan sutturar za a iya yi ne kawai a lokacin tsararren shuka kuma kawai bayan yalwar ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa. Yawan wuce haddi nitrogen yana haifar da raguwa a lokacin zafin nama. Zaku iya ciyar da jigida mai narkewa na takin gargajiya (an girka mullein a cikin rabo na 1:20).
Don dasa nolin koyaushe amfani da madaidaiciya jita-jita, m amma m. A cikin gindinta akwai rami domin magudanar ruwa. Za'a shirya ƙaramin babban ɗambin ƙananan pebbles ko yumɓu mai yumɓu a saman sa. Duk wannan zai guje wa samuwar ruwa, wanda babu makawa sai ya kai ga lalata asalin sa. Tushen nolin girma a cikin faɗin ƙasa, amma ba zurfi (a cikin ƙasa wannan sabon abu shuka ke samuwa a kan m kasa da m m Layer). A saboda wannan dalili, nolins suna buƙatar jita-jita masu yawa da kuma magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Kuna iya zuba Layer na tsakuwa mai kyau a saman ƙasa, wanda zai hana samuwar ɓawon burodi da kuma jaddada halayen ado na nolina (bokarney).
Ba za a sake yin nolin ne kawai bayan an gama yin cikakken amfani da shi tare da tushen duniyar ƙasa. Ana dasa shuki matasa a kowace shekara, manya - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3-4. Dasa a daidai zurfin kamar yadda yake a da. Bayan dasawa, kwanaki na farko na 3-4 bai kamata a shayar da su ba. Don hanzarta haɓaka, sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara ana bada shawara don canja wurin ƙaramin saurayi a cikin tukunya mafi girma (2-4 cm ƙari a cikin diamita). Haɗin ƙasa yana buƙatar sako-sako, alal misali, peat, ganyen ƙasa, yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 2, ko: ƙasar turf, ƙasar ganye, humus, peat da yashi (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Kuna iya yin cakuda ƙasa da ƙasa yashi da ƙari na tsakuwa mai kyau.
Nolina (bokarneya) shine shuka wanda ya dace da tsarin namo hydroponic.
Ganyen nolina. © DropsikKiwon nolina
Yaduwa mara lafiyan abu ne mai wahala. Babban hanyar ita ce shuka iri, wanda masana'antun a cikin Holland ke tsunduma ciki. Idan kun sayi nolins da yawa a cikin tukunya ɗaya, zaku iya dasa su cikin tukwane daban. Wani lokaci a kaikaice buds suna farkawa a gindi daga harbin, tafiyar matakai wanda ya farka daga gare su. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin yaɗa hanyoyin a kaikaice.
Yaduwar ƙwayar nolina
Tsaba suna cikin ruwan dumi na tsawon awanni 24-48, ana iya tsinkewa a cikin epin ko zircon. Dasa a cikin rigar substrate kunsha na peat da yashi (a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1). Ana shimfiɗa tsaba a farfajiya, kuma aka yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai bakin ciki, amma saboda shimfiɗa ta seeding daidai yake da girman zuriya. Don tsirar da tsaba na nolin, ana buƙatar haske, ana sanya akwati tare da tsaba a ƙarƙashin fitilun fitil.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi girma don hatsi shine + 21 ... digiri 25, ba ƙasa da 20. Yawancin lokaci tsaba suna girma bayan makonni 3-4. Yana da Dole a saka idanu da zafi na substrate, bai kamata ya kasance rigar sosai ba, da yanayin rigar matsakaici matsakaici. Ana iya rufe kwandon tare da tsaba tare da gilashi ko jaka, lokacin da kwano ya bayyana, ya zama dole don ba da kwano ta hanyar cire tsari.
Lokacin da seedlings sami ƙarfi, suna dived cikin mutum tukwane m zuwa girman da nolin seedling. Haɗin ƙasa yana buƙatar sako-sako, alal misali, peat, ganyen ƙasa, yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 2, ko: ƙasar turf, ƙasar ganye, humus, peat da yashi (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Kuna iya yin cakuda ƙasa da ƙasa yashi da ƙari na tsakuwa mai kyau. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kayan kwalliya da aka shirya don nolin (bokarney).
Carearin kulawa yana kama da shuka mai girma.
Wayarwar nolin ta hanyar matakai na ƙarshe
Lokacin yadawa ta hanyar tafiyar matakai a kaikaice, sai a datse hanyoyin a hankali su bushe. Suna kafe a cikin ciyawa mai laushi wanda ya kunshi peat, yashi da perlite (vermiculite). An tukunya tukunya cike da cakuda cakuda, an yayyafa da kuma recesses tare da fegi. Wani tsari ana shuka shi a cikin recesses kuma an matse ƙasa kusa da shi. An dasa tsarin da aka dasa tare da m hula kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi. Wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin 21 ... 26 ° С, feshe kullun kuma yana yin iska kullun. Lokacin da sababbin ganye suka bayyana a cikin tushen kafe, ana cire hula, kuma a hankali matasa shuka ya saba da sabon yanayin kulawa.
Nolina matapensis. Ral Murjani AloeNau'in Nolina
Kodayake akwai kusan nau'ikan 30 a cikin halittar Nolin, amma galibi yana kan shagunan Nolina ya lankwasa (Nolina recurvata), kuma aka sani da Bokarneya ya lanƙwasa (Beaucarnea recurvata) Gangar jikin ta ne madaidaiciya, yana fadada ƙasa, yana yin kauri mai ƙarfi. A karkashin yanayin halitta, gangar jikin ya kai tsayin 8 m - hoto, gindin ya kai kimanin mita 1 a cikin al'adun gidan kore, tsayin shuka ba shi wuce mil 1.5. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire akwai ɗumbin ofaure na farin layin ganye wanda ya kai tsawon mita biyu . Dogon tsayi da dogayen nolina a Mexico ana amfani da su saƙa kwanduna da shahararrun hulɗa na sombrero. Isashin sashin ƙananan tushe yana fallasa kuma an rufe shi da suturar launin toka mai laushi mai haske wanda ke kare ƙirar ruwa.
Nolina longifolia (Nolina longifolia) da Nolina kananan-fruited (Nolina microcarpa) ana samun su a cikin gidajen katako da wuraren shakatawa na Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus da Crimea. A nan za ku iya sha'awan dogon inflorescences na nolin daga kananan furanni da yawa.
Nolina (bokarneya) wata itaciya ce mara ma'ana, kuma ba shi da wahalar shukawa har ma ga masu farawa waɗanda suke son ciyawar cikin gida. Yana jin mafi kyau a wuri mai haske, amma ya kamata a guji hasken rana kai tsaye.
Nolina Parry © Spidra WebsterCututtuka da kwari na nolina
A cikin nolins na cikin gida basu da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari basa kwantawa a kansu sau da yawa. Don nolina (bokarneya), lanƙwasa tafi da kulawa ta dace shine tushen samun ingantaccen shuka, kuma tushen barin nolin shine ruwa. Tare da wuce kima watering na sito, da kansa danshi reserve a cikin caudex da ganye dace da yanayin Semi-hamada, ba su iya sha wuce haddi danshi. Ganyenta ya fara zama yana rufe da launin launin ruwan kasa, harbe suka yi taushi, Tushen ta lalace.
Yawan ruwa a yanayin zafi da karancin haske yana da haɗari musamman. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ajiye irin wannan shuka. Gyara dukkanin sassan da aka lalata, bi da su da carbon da ke motsa su a cikin sabon ƙasa, busasshiyar ƙasa. Bayan dasawa, kar a sha ruwa na akalla sati guda, sannan a sanya ruwa a matsakaici.
Idan nolins sun bushe ganye, dalilin na iya zama bushewar iska ko zafin jiki sosai. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya fesa shuka, amma a lokaci guda, danshi ya kamata ya faɗo kawai a cikin ganyayyaki, kuma ba akan akwati ba. In ba haka ba, launin ruwan kasa masu duhu akan gangar jikin, zai iya ruɓa. Ganyen kuma ya bushe daga mawuyacin ruwa, kuma daga rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Tsoffin ƙananan ganye suna bushewa, wanda yake al'ada kuma bai kamata ya haifar da damuwa ba. A kowane hali, ganye bushewa har ma da busasshen ganye da aka bushe an fi dacewa.
Karin kwari da ke kaiwa nolina (kunama) kwari ne na gizo-gizo waɗanda ke ƙaunar bushewar iska, sikelin kwari, tsutsotsi, kwari. Hanya mafi inganci don kawar da ita shine tsabtace tsirran, tsabtace ganye tare da soso mai ruwa, da fesa tsire tare da bushewar bushewa. Tsutsotsi da scabies an cire su cikin ganyayyaki tare da rag tare da maganin sabulu-taba. Thrips da ticks mutu lokacin da aka bi da shuka tare da jiko na Dalmatian chamomile ko kwari. Yin yãƙi kwari ya fi sauƙi a farkon lalacewa, don haka bincika tsire-tsire akai-akai kuma fara yin faɗa lokacin da kwari na farko suka bayyana.
