Aspleniums suna da cikakkiyar fassara kuma kyawawan ferns ne. A dabi'a, rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya. A Rasha, akwai kusan nau'ikan 11. A cikin yanayin sararin yanayi, ƙananan nau'in tare da pinnate ko ganye mai yaduwa da gajere a tsaye ko rhizomes na creeping sun fi yawa; a cikin tropics - babba, tare da cirrus ko duka ganye, mai kama da maɓuɓɓugan kogin kore, har tsawon 2 m.
Nau'in asplenium (ossicles) waɗanda ke girma a cikin yanayi mai zafi a kan duwatsu da kan kanɓar daji mai zurfi suna jin babban ƙasa a buɗe akan shinge, tuddai mai tsayi da cikin lambunan dutse, cikin inuwa tare da isasshen danshi. Tsarin Tropical, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya a cikin wannan kayan shahararrun tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Asplenium, ko Kostenets, ko Asplenius (Asplenium) wata alama ce ta ferns na dangin Kostenets.
Nesting nesting, ko Nesting ossicles (Asplenium nidus) (hagu) da Asplenium tsohuwar, ko tsoffin ossicles (Asplenium antiquum) (dama). . BarbaraBayanin Asplenium
Kyau Asplenium, ko Kostenets (Asplenium) haɗuwa da kusan nau'in 500 na ferns na dangin Asplenius (Bony). Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne na herbaceous perennial, epiphytes na ƙasa; rhizome yana creeping, gajere, zage-zage, wani lokacin tsaye, cikin sikeli mai laushi. A ganye ne mai sauki, duka don pinnately watsa, m. Sporangia (gabobin haihuwa) suna kan gindin ganye, akan jijiyoyin da babu kyauta. Petiole mai yawa ne.
Aspleniums sun zama ruwan dare a duk yankuna na yamma da gabashin hemispheres, daga cikin wakilan halittar akwai halittu masu rarrafe, haka kuma marasa tsayayya da yanayin hunturu.
A al'adance, ana wakilta su da nau'ikan da suka sha bamban sosai da juna. A cikin al'adun cikin gida, nau'in tsibirai masu ɗumi-ɗai galibi ana noma su.
Shahararrun nau'ikan ƙirar cikin gida
Asplenium Kudancin Asiya (Asustnium australasicum)
Gida na - gabashin Ostiraliya, Polynesia. Itacen Epiphytic tare da manyan ganye har zuwa 1.5 m tsawo da 20 cm fadi. Suna taru a cikin wani m, wajen kunkuntar mazurari mai siffa kanti. Rhizome madaidaiciya, lokacin farin ciki, an rufe shi da sikeli da yawancin tushen da ke rikicewa. Ganyen suna duka, wasu lokuta ba daidai ba a yanka, juya lanceolate, tare da mafi girman nisa a tsakiyar ko dan kadan sama da tsakiyar farantin, a maimakon haka sai a matse ƙasa zuwa gindin matattara. Mata masu sihiri (gabobin da suke ɗauke da juna) layin layi ne, ana samunta a kan lamuran tsakiyar ganyen ganye.
Asplenium shine Kudancin Asiya, ko Kostenets Kudancin Asiya (Asplenium australasicum). Rod Tony RoddAsplenium gida (Asplenium nidus)
Gida na gida - gandun daji na Afirka masu danshi, Asiya da Polynesia. A cikin yanayi, wannan fern yana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai kyau, a kan kututtura da kuma rassan sauran tsirrai. Tana da kauri mai kauri da fata mai kauri, duka, ganyayyaki, da ake da su, suna da girma mai girma. Sun kirkiri Rossi mai yawa. A kan bakin da ba a buɗe ba, ganye mai launin shuɗi, ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki, tare da daskararren rhizome da Tushen tangled suna samar da wani nau'in "gida", saboda haka ana kiransa wani lokacin furen tsuntsaye. Nesting na gida yana da sauki a gida a gida. A al'ada, ba shi da girma sosai, amma yana da ban sha'awa sosai.
Asalin garin Asplenium, ko nostril adiko (Asplenium nidus). © Waqas AleemAsplenium skolopendrovy (Asplenium scolopendrium)
Asplenium skolopendrovy yana da alaƙa da kusancin gidan sarauta na asplenium. Wani lokacin samu kamar yadda takardar skolopendrovy (Phyllitis scolopendrium), sun kuma kira shi "harshe na deer." A Ingila da Jamus, ana samun wannan tsiro a cikin daji, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikansa. Ganyayyaki-Belt kamar farko sun fara zuwa sama, daga ƙarshe kuma tanƙwara a cikin baka. A gefuna da ganye ne wavy, a cikin iri crispum da undulatum - curly. Shuka tayi kyau sosai ga lambun shudi da dakuna masu sanyi.
Asplenium scolopendra, ko Kostenets scolopendra (Asplenium scolopendrium). Ono Leonora EnkingAsplenium bulbous (Asplenium bulbiferum)
Gida na - New Zealand, Australia, India. Kyakkyawan yankewa mai zurfi. Ganyen yana da girma sau uku, tsawon-triangular, tsawon 30-60 cm kuma tsawon 20-30 cm, kore mai haske, rataye daga saman; Petiole madaidaiciya, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, duhu. Sporangia suna kan bakin, ɗaya akan kowane lobe. A saman ɓangaren ganyayyaki, an kafa fure brood; Suna girma a kan shuka uwa. Asplenium bulbous niroko ya rarraba a cikin al'ada; yayi girma cikin dakuna da dakuna masu dumin yanayi.
Asplenium bulbous, ko Kostenets bulbous (Asplenium bulbiferum). © Maryamu PaulAsplenium viviparous (Asplenium viviparum)
Wurin haifarwa na asharari da asharani shine tsibirin Madagascar, Macarens. Ground perennial rosette shuka. Bar tare da takaitaccen petioles, sau biyu da hudu pinnate, 40-60 cm tsayi, 15-20 cm fadi, arcuate. Yankunan suna da fadi sosai, layin layi zuwa kusan filiform, har zuwa 1 cm tsayi, kusan 1 mm faɗi. Farauta suna kan gefen sassan. A saman gefen fern ganye, brood buds ci gaba da cewa germinate a kan uwa shuka. Fadowa cikin ƙasa, sai suka ɗauki tushe.
Asplenium viviparous, ko Kostenets viviparous (Asplenium viviparum)Siffofin kulawa da asplenium na cikin gida
Zazzabi: Asplenium nasa ne na ferns na thermophilic, yana da kyawawa cewa shafin ma'aunin zafin jiki ya kusan 20 ... 25 ° C, a cikin hunturu aƙalla 18 ° C. Ba ya yarda da zayyanawa.
Haske: Matsayi don asplenium ya kamata ya zama mai haske mai haske, amma tare da sha daga hasken rana kai tsaye, zaku iya kunna penumbra, amma ba wuri mai duhu ba.
Watse: Watering yana da yalwa daga bazara zuwa kaka da matsakaici a cikin hunturu. Madadin ruwa na yau da kullun, ana bada shawara daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don nutsar da tukwane tare da shuka a cikin akwati na ruwa. Asplenium baya jure ruwan da aka sanya mai; saboda ban ruwa yayi amfani da ruwa a zazzabi, wanda ya tsawan awanni 12.
Taki: Ana ciyar da Fern sau ɗaya a wata daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba tare da raunin taki mai rauni (kusan rabin kashi na tsire-tsire kamar philodendrons ko ficuses).
Jin zafi: Aspleniums suna buƙatar iska mai laushi, kusan 60%. Tare da bushe iska, ganyen shuka ya bushe. Zai fi kyau sanyawa a kan falo falo wanda aka rufe da yumbu mai kaɗa ko tsakuwa. Sun shayar da ƙasa a cikin tukunya kuma suka zuba ruwa a cikin kwanon. Idan batirin dumama yana kusa, yakamata a rataye shi da tawul mai ruwa ko takarda.
Juyawa: Sauyawa a matsayin Asplenium a shekara ko a shekara. Ba ya yarda da dasa shuki a cikin babban akwati. Shouldasa ya kamata ta ɗan ɗanɗana ruwan acidic. A ƙasa ne sako-sako da - 1 part ganye, 2 sassan peat, 0.5 sassa humus da part 1 yashi. Kuna iya amfani da cakuda ƙasa wadda aka siya don orchids.
KiwoAsplenia, kamar sauran ferns, ana yadu dashi ta hanyar spores da kuma rarraba daji.
Ajin Asplenium, ko Nostril ossicle (Asplenium nidus) (hagu). Hip ohippoGirma Asplenium a Gida
Aspleniums - ba sa son hasken rana mai yawa. Hasken rana yana haifar da launin ruwan kasa da mutuwar ganye - (wai). Suna girma da kyau kusa da windows na tsarin arewa.
Don haɓaka mai kyau don asplenium a lokacin bazara, zazzabi mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 22 ° C; a cikin ƙarancin zafi, shuka ba ya jure yanayin zafi sama da 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, mafi yawan zafin jiki yana cikin 15 ... 20 ° C, rage zafin jiki a kasa da 10 ° C zai iya haifar da mutuwar wai, kuma wani lokacin zuwa mutuwar shuka. Shuke-shuke ba sa yin haƙuri ga zayyana, iska mai sanyi da ƙura.
A lokacin rani, ana shayar da asplenium a kai a kai, ƙurar ƙwallon da ba ta bushe ba, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar wai, kuma ba za a yarda a yi amfani da ruwa ba. Yana da kyau duka ruwa ta raguwar da shuka a cikin wani jirgin ruwa da ruwa; da zaran saman Layer ya haskaka da danshi, an cire tukunya, ana barin ruwan da ya wuce kima kuma ya sanya shi a wurin dindindin. A cikin hunturu, ana shayar da fern sosai, gwargwadon bukatun shuka da bushe iska. Don ban ruwa yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi a zazzabi a ɗakin. Dole ne a tuna cewa overdrying, kazalika da wuce haddi na ruwa na earthen coma, yana da lahani ga shuka.
Asplenium yana ƙaunar fesawa akai-akai, a lokacin bazara a yanayin zafi (sama da 22 ° C) bushewar iska na iya haifar da mutuwar wai, idan wannan ya faru, yanke su. Fesa da shuka a kai a kai, kuma ba da daɗewa ba sababbin vaiyas za su bayyana. Sanya tukunyar karama a cikin jirgin ruwa mafi girma da ke cike da peat, ko a kan tire tare da ɗakunan leya. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a yayyafa asplenium da ruwa mai taushi mai daɗi kowace rana; idan dakin yayi sanyi, yakamata a rage feshi don hana danshi.
A lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a wata, lokacin shayarwa, ciyar da asplenium tare da ma'adinan rabin-rabi da takin gargajiya.
Sai kawai lalace ko tsofaffin ganye suna buƙatar a datsa. Idan daji na asplenium ya bushe ta hanyar bazata, yanke ganye mai bushe, kuma abin da ya rage shine a shayar da shi akai-akai kuma a fesa shi sau biyu a rana, nan da nan matasa zasu fito. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, feshin yau da kullun ferns yana kiyaye tsabtace tsabtace shuka. Karka yi amfani da kowane shiri domin bayar da kosai ga ganye.
An dasa asplenium a cikin bazara (idan an dasa shuka da tukunya), bayan shuka ya fara girma. Don kananan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin Tushen, yi amfani da cakuda da ya ƙunshi peat, ganye, ƙasa humus da yashi (2: 2: 2: 1). Manyan tsoran ferns ana shuka su a cakuda turf, ganye, peat, ƙasa humus da yashi (2: 3: 3: 1: 1). Areara shards da yanki na gawayi ana haɗa su gauraya; yankakken sphagnum gansakuna za'a iya ƙarawa.
A lokacin juyawa, ana cire Tushen matattu, amma masu rai ba a datsa kuma, in ya yiwu, ba a lalace, tunda suna girma a hankali. Kada ku murkushe ƙasa sosai - ferns ƙauna lokacin da ƙasa a Tushen ya kasance sako-sako. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwa mai ɗumi kuma aka fesa. Wiwi don dasa ya kamata a zaɓa da fadi.
Asalin garin Asplenium, ko nostril adiko (Asplenium nidus). Da Linda RossAsplenia Sake buguwa
Asplenium an yadu dashi ta hanyar rarraba rhizome, brood buds da spores.
Ta hanyar rarraba daji, asplenium mafi girma yana yaduwa a cikin bazara, lokacin dasawa. A hankali aka raba daji ta hanyar hannaye, kula da yawan wuraren girma. Idan akwai hanyar girma guda daya ko kuma masu kima ne, to ba za'a iya rarrabu kawunanmu ba, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwa. Matasa tsire-tsire bayan rarrabawa ba su fara girma nan da nan ba.
A cikin jinsunan kwayar halitta mai mahimmanci, ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka suna bayyana akan jijiyoyin, suna haifar da ƙoshin brood. Yarinya na tsiro daga koda tare da ganyen dissered da gajerun petioles. Rarrabewa da faɗuwa, suna wucewa zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Za ka iya karya kashe brood buds na fern tare da guda na vaya da kuma tushen su a cikin sako-sako da substrate. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tsire-tsire matasa waɗanda aka rigaya sun kafe da kansu.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ya yada asplenium daga spores da aka kafa akan ƙananan farfajiya na ganyayyaki. An shuka su a farkon bazara, mafi kyawun duka a cikin gandun daji mai zafi daga ƙasa, inda an kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na 22 ° C.
Yanke ganyen fern and scrape spores a kan takarda. Zuba a cikin gandun daji wani yanki na malalewa da ƙasa mai gurbatawa don shuka tsaba. Ruwa kasar gona da kyau kuma watsa spores kamar yadda zai yiwu. Rufe gandun daji tare da gilashi kuma sanya shi a cikin duhu mai duhu. Kowace rana, a taƙaice cire gilashin don samun iska, amma kada ku bar ƙasa ta bushe. Ya kamata a ci gaba da jinya a cikin duhu har sai tsirrai su bayyana (wannan zai faru bayan makonni 4-12). To tura shi zuwa wuri mai haske kuma cire gilashin. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ke tsiro, na bakin ciki, suna barin mafi ƙarfi a nesa na 2.5 cm daga juna. Samfurorun samari waɗanda ke haɓaka da kyau bayan thinning za a iya watsa su cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa mai peaty - tsire-tsire 2-3 kowane.
Cututtuka da kwari na asplenium
Abunda ya faru daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa, kamar su launin toka da ganye, wanda ke haifar da bushewa, ana iya hana shi ta hanyar rage yawan ferns. Za'a iya kawar da bayyanar tabo da suka faru sakamakon shan kashi na phylosticta (Phillosticta) da tafina (Taphina) tare da fungicides dangane da cineb da maneb. Ganyen tabo na iya danganta shi da amfani da takin da bai dace ba (ya wuce adadin da ake buƙata) ko abun da ya dace na ƙasa don ferns: Dole ne ya sami ƙananan acidity.
Ganyen launin ruwan kasa na iya zama wata alama ce ta bayyanuwar ganye nematode - a wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a jefa shuki daga ƙasa - yana da matukar wahala a yaƙi nematode. Edgesatattun gefunan ganye na iya nuna mummunan yanayin muhalli (bushewar iska, ruwa marar ruwa, da sauransu). Ba da shawarar yin amfani da mai sheki don ganye ba!
