Itaciya itace kyakkyawar bishiyar itace da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace masu ƙoshin lafiya tare da halayen dandano daban-daban. Tare da kulawa da ta dace da halittar yanayi mai kyau, pear zai kawo girbin abinci mai yawa (kimanin kilo 100 daga itacen bishiya ɗaya) shekaru da yawa. A cikin yanayinmu tare da ruwan sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara mai zafi, wannan tsiron 'ya'yan itacen yana da girma.
Mashahuri irin pears
- "Samara kyakkyawa" shine nau'in sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi tare da 'ya'yan itace masu zaki da m.
- "Cathedral" - wani unpretentious farkon ripening sanyi-resistant iri-iri tare da kadan acidity a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen.
- "Muscovite" wani nau'i ne na farkon farfadowa tare da 'ya'yan itace masu ƙanshi, mai daɗi da taushi.
- "Lada" nau'in sanyi ne mai sanyin sanyi, baya iya kamuwa da cuta da kwari.
- "Tausayi" - iri da yawa tare da kayan aiki mai girma da 'ya'yan ittattun m.
- "Nectar" shine mai yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa tare da 'ya'yan itace masu zaki da m.
Lokaci da lokacin sauka
Don dasa pear, kuna buƙatar zaɓar dumi ba ruwan sama ba. Lokaci mafi dacewa shine Satumba-Oktoba (kafin farkon lokacin sanyi lokacin kaka), kodayake wasu yan lambu sun dasa pear a bazara.
Lokacin hutu na kaka yana da halaye na kwarai:
- A wannan lokacin, gandun daji suna da babban zaɓi da tsire-tsire iri-iri;
- Yaran da aka saya a cikin gandun daji sun riga sun sami ƙarfi a lokacin bazara kuma sun sami ƙarfi;
- Lokacin hunturu na kananan bishiyoyi zai kasance lokacin kyakkyawan tasirin kuma zai sa su zama da juriya;
- Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi bazai ƙara yin sanyi ba lokacin sanyi.
Ana daukar lu'ulu'u ya zama itace mai yawan gaske kuma saboda kishin sa wasu dabaru na aiki tare da kayan amfanin gona kuma ana bukatar kwarewa sosai.
Zaɓin shafin da shiri
Wuri
Don dasa pear, dole ne a zabi wuri mai ɗorewa nan da nan, tunda itacen bai amsa da kyau wurin dasawa ba. Wannan ya kamata ya zama wani yanki mai buɗewa tare da kyakkyawan haske da isasshen hasken rana. Ganin cewa a nan gaba itaciyar zata sami kambi mai kauri da natsuwa (kusan karfe 5 a diamita), tilas a kula domin tabbatar da cewa babu sauran tsayi ko gini a kusa da bishiyar.
Maƙwabta tare da wasu al'adu
Pear ɗin yana kusa da albarkatun 'ya'yan itace waɗanda iri ɗaya ne cikin kulawa. Misali, ana iya dasa bishiyar apple kusa da ita, amma ya fi kyau nesa da ash, domin duk wadannan bishiyoyi suna fama da cututtuka iri daya kuma suna fama da kwari iri daya. Idan samfurin guda ba ta kamu da rashin lafiya ba, to “makwabta” ɗaya na iya wahala.
Ilasa
A kasar gona a kan shafin ya kamata sako-sako da haske, tare da isasshen danshi da kuma high quality (m) abun da ke ciki. M abun ciki na lãka a cikin ƙasa ne wanda ba a ke so har ma da haɗari ga seedling. Lokacin shirya ramuka saukowa, ya kamata ka kula sosai da wannan. Sauya babban yumbu na yumbu tare da cakuda ƙasa mai inganci (alal misali, cakuda peat tare da takaddun takin ƙasa) ko ƙasa mai dausayi za ta jinkirta mutuwar itaciyar har tsawon shekaru 2-3 kawai, tunda tushen tsarin zai yi girma kuma har yanzu zai zo cikin hulɗa tare da yumɓu na yumɓu a zurfin 40-50 cm .
Shiri na dasa ramuka da hanyoyin dasa shuki
Idan akwai yumɓu na yumɓu a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, ana bada shawara don tono rami mara zurfi, ba ya kai kasan yumɓu. Don haka tushen tsirar ya dace sosai a cikin ƙasa kuma kada ku taɓa yumɓu, ya zama dole a yi ƙaramin tsintsiya-tsaka-tsintsiya iri ɗaya kuma tsayin kusan 1 m akan duk ɓangarorin huɗu na rami na dasa waɗannan groan tsaran tsirrai dole ne a cika su da duk ɓarnar kwayoyin halitta (alal misali, tarkace abinci, sawkewa, shashasha, ciyawa ko allura) da aka riga aka tsoma cikin takin zamani. Tushen seedling a lokacin dasa ana rarraba su a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, suna kaiwa kwayoyin. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, tushen ɓangaren pear zai yi girma ba zurfi a cikin yumɓun yumɓu, amma a faɗin ƙasa, kuma banda, za a samar da abinci mai gina jiki shekaru da yawa a gaba.
Tare da kusancin abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin wani shafi ko a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi wanda yake adana babban zafi, kuma musamman lokacin bazara na narkewa, a cikin yankunan da ƙasa mai nauyi, ana iya amfani da wata hanyar dasa seedling. Yarinya itace bada shawarar a dasa shi a kan turɓayar ƙasa (daga ƙasa mai ƙanshi) kusan santimita hamsin. Kowace shekara kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙasa zuwa kan tudun, kamar yadda bukatun itacen da ke girma zai karu.
A kan tsari na ƙasa mai kyau tare da duk abin da kuke buƙata (abinci, danshi, zafi da haske), ana amfani da hanyar da aka saba don dasawa da haɓaka ɗan pear. An fara yin shirye-shiryen ramuka a farkon kaka, kimanin kwanaki 15-20 kafin dasa shuki. Da farko, an 'yantar da ƙasa daga ƙaya kuma ta tona ƙasa. Sa'an nan rijiyoyin suna zurfafa daga 45-50 cm, suna rarrabe ƙasa - saman ƙasa yana ɗauka a cikin ɗayan, kuma ƙananan a ɗayan. Girman dutsen kowane rami ya kai kimanin muni 1. Dole ne a kwance ƙarshen ramuka. Ruwan saman da aka haƙa daga ramin dasawa dole ne a haɗe shi da wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa - m yashi, peat, superphosphate, tumatir da ciyawar takin gargajiya da ke ɗauke da sinadarin phosphorus da potassium. Don ƙasa tare da babban matakin acidity, ana kuma bada shawara don ƙara lemun tsami (a cikin nau'in crumbs) da alli (a cikin foda), amma ba za'a iya amfani da taki mai kyau ba. Yana da ikon haifar da ƙonewa mai zafi ga tsarin tushe, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Shuka da Kula da arwa
Zabi da kuma shirya na seedlings
Ana ba da shawara ga masanan lambu da su sayi seedlings yana da shekara guda ko shekara biyu. Lokacin sayen, kuna buƙatar bincika tushen da kuma sassan ɓangaren itacen. Ya kamata ba shi da wani lalacewa, bushewa ko fadada sassa, alamun cututtuka da kwari. Gefen yakamata ya zama mai ƙarfi, na roba, ba tare da ire-iren ire-iren yanayin ba ko kuma burbushi.
Idan yayin sufuri mutum tushen ko rassan lalace, to, suna buƙatar da yanke. Rana kafin a shuka itaciyar, dole ne a saukar da ita cikin maganin zuma ko a cikin jiko na mullein.
Tsarin dasa shuki
Ya kamata a dasa seedling a kan shimfiɗar tukunyar ƙasa, a hankali yana daidaita tushen sashin. A tsakiyar ƙwanƙolin a gindin ramin wani fegin katako ne wanda zai kare hatsi daga lalacewa.
Yaro ɗan akuya ya kamata ya zauna da tabbaci a cikin ƙasa, kuma kada voids ɗin iska ya kasance a cikin tushen. Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa tushen abin wuya shine aƙalla 1-2 cm sama da ƙasa. Soilasa kusa da gangar jikin itacen yana matse sosai, yana barin rami ya riƙe ruwan ban ruwa. Ana gudanar da ruwa a nan da nan a cikin adadin buhu 2-3 ga kowane seedling. Fadawa kusa da gangar jikin bishiyar 'ya'yan itace zai bada gudummawa ga rashi a hankali a cikin rami kusa da tushen. Kowane bishiya an ɗaura shi da goyon baya na katako, kuma ƙasa a kusa da akwati an rufe shi da mulching Layer (alal misali, ganye mai faɗo ko peat).
Careasa kulawa
Hanya da kuma kwance ƙasa a cikin sashin tushen ana aiwatar dashi a kai a kai sau 3-4 a wata, yin sha - lokaci 1 a mako.
Lokacin da ƙasa kewaya kewaye da pear bayan hazo a cikin nau'in ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa, ya zama dole don ƙara ƙasa mai ƙima a kan lokaci. Kada ku bari a fallasa shuka, saboda wannan zai haifar da bushewa daga tushen tushe da mutuwar itaciyar. Wuce ƙasa kuma zai cutar da ci gaban al'adu. Wannan na iya ƙirƙirar yanayi don bayyanar wasu cututtuka.
Watering dokokin ga matasa da kuma girma itatuwa
Ana shayar da pear a lokacin yana da shekaru 3-5 a kai a kai sau ɗaya a mako. Tsoffin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace na iya tserewa tare da danshi daga ruwan sama na halitta. Banda shi ne kawai wasu lokuta na wajibi don ƙarin watering - wannan shine bayan fure, bayan girbi 'ya'yan, a farkon faduwa ganye. Bayan kowace aikace-aikacen ruwa na ban ruwa, an rufe ƙasa da ke kusa da gangar jikin bishiya.
Kirki da kambi na kambi
An bada shawarar farko ta bishiyoyi na farko a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar pear, amma koyaushe kafin farkon sanyi. Duk rassan banda kwarangwal suna ƙarƙashin irin wannan "aski". Wuraren yankan akan rassan dole ne a kula dasu da lambun var.
Aiki don hunturu
An bada shawara don kunsa kawai kananan bishiyoyi, saboda har yanzu ba zasu iya jure sanyi ba lokacin sanyi. Don rufe kambi, ana amfani da burlap, kuma don akwati - spruce rassan ko kowane kayan roba.
Aikace-aikacen taki
Kirjin ya fara kawo 'ya'ya ne kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, kuma a wannan lokacin zai buƙaci ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Har zuwa wannan zamanin, pear ba ya buƙatar takin gargajiya, musamman idan an gabatar da su a cikin ramuka na dasa shuki.
A cikin bazara, ana amfani da takin mai ƙunshi nitrogen, kuma a lokacin bazara da kaka, takin, wanda ya haɗa da potassium da phosphorus. Don ƙara kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa ya isa sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3.
Kwaro Na Gwari - Rigakafin
Matakan rigakafin suna taimakawa kare amfanin gona daga kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar gudanar da spraying na musamman sau ɗaya a shekara (a farkon makonnin bazara ko a lokacin kaka - a watan Oktoba Nuwamba-Nuwamba), fararen guraben kuma rufe su.
Ana shirya maganin don fesawa daga ruwa goma na ruwa da misalin 700 na urea.
Don farawa, ana shirya maganin ruwa, maganin tagulla (1%) da ruwan lemun tsami.
Wraps an za'ayi tare da zartsi mai soaked-zane.
Za'a iya samun wadataccen girbi na m da mai daɗi, ƙoshin ƙanshi mai daɗin ci tare da babban buri, aiki mai ƙarfi, hankali da juriya.
