Mulberry

Mulberry (Morus), wanda kuma ake kira bishiyar bishiyoyi, ko itacen mulberry, itace itaciya ce mai ƙyalli da ta fito daga asalin halittar dangin Mulberry. Dangane da bayanin da aka karɓa daga kafofin daban-daban, wannan asalin ya haɗu da nau'in 17-24. Wadannan tsire-tsire a cikin yanayi ana iya samun su a yankuna masu zafi da yankuna na Afirka, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. Mafi mashahuri nau'in sun hada da farin ciyawa, ciyawar ciyawar silkworm a ganyayyaki, ana amfani da pupae don samar da siliki na halitta. A karkashin Ivan the Mugun, Rasha ta riga ta san game da mulberry, a wannan lokacin an kirkiro masana'anta da ke amfani da siliki wanda aka sanya masana'anta mai laushi don kotun sarauta. Bi da bi, Peter I ya hana yankan ciyawar a ƙasa, tunda ana ɗaukar shi da mahimmanci. Itace mai kauri, na roba da mai nauyi shima yana da matukar fa'ida; a tsakiyar Asiya ana amfani da shi ne wajen kera ire-iren kayayyakin gargajiya, kayan kida da ganga.

Abubuwan Mulberry

Yayin da ciyawar ke saurayi, ana nuna shi da girma sosai, amma a tsawon lokaci sai ya zama da hankali. A sakamakon haka, tsayin dutsen irin wannan bishiyar bata wuce mita 15 ba. Sauƙaƙan ganye mai sauƙin ciyawa ana lobed, ana yin su a kai a kai kuma ana yi musu aiki a gefen. Spike inflorescences ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni, waɗanda mata ko maza ne (dioecious). Koyaya, akwai irin waɗannan mulberries wanda za'a iya buɗe furannin mace da namiji (monoecious) a lokaci guda. Tsawon 'ya'yan itacen tsiran fleshy daga 20 zuwa 30 mm, suna karya ne na berries, ko kuma akasin haka, haɗe cikin guda ɗaya tare da drupes na launi daban-daban (daga launin shuɗi mai duhu, kusan baki, zuwa fari). An bambanta wannan tsire-tsire ta hanyar unpretentiousness, yana da ikon yin girma da haɓaka kullun, koda kuwa ba ku kula da shi ba. Itace mai tsayi yakan fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa. Matsakaicin rayuwar irin wannan tsiro ya kusan shekara ɗari biyu, a yau akwai samfurori waɗanda akalla shekaru 500 ke nan.

Mafi mashahuri a tsakanin lambu shine nau'ikan bishiyoyi guda biyu 2 - baƙi da fari, yayin da suka bambanta da launi na haushi, kuma ba 'ya'yan itacen ba. A cikin itacen mulberry, farin zane a jikin rassan ana zana shi da launi mai laushi (cream, rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko farar fata), yayin da rassan itacen ciyawa suna rufe da haushi mai duhu. Zuwa yau, wannan tsiro yana da faɗi sosai a cikin al'adun gargajiya kamar yadda sauran treesan itacen, misali: ceri, plum, apple apple, ceri, da dai sauransu.

Mulberry dasa a cikin ƙasa bude

Wani lokaci don shuka

Kuna iya dasa ciyawa a cikin ƙasa ta buɗe a cikin bazara a watan Afrilu kafin ya fara kwararar ruwan, ko kuma a cikin faɗuwar Satumba da Oktoba, amma kuna buƙatar kama shi kafin lokacin damina. Yawancin lambu suna ba da shawarar cewa sun fi son shuka a cikin bazara, saboda an yi imanin cewa idan itacen ya tsira daga watanni hunturu, an ƙaddara zai rayu shekaru da yawa.

Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar wurin da ya fi dacewa don wannan shuka a gonar. Bishiyar Mulberry ta fi son wuraren da ke da kyawawan haske tare da ingantaccen kariya daga iska mai sanyi. Ba za a iya dasa bishiyoyi a kan fadama, yashi da ƙasa mai gishiri ba, kuma magudanan ruwa a cikin zangon ya kamata suyi kwance a ƙasa da ƙasa da santimita 150. Shuke-shuke waɗanda furanni maza kawai ba za su iya yin 'ya'yan itace da nasu ba, duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a gano jima'i na seedling kawai bayan zai shekara 4 ko 5. Game da wannan, ƙwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar siyan seedlingsan shekaru uku da suka ba da 'ya'yan farko.

Dasa ciyawa a fall

Ya kamata a shirya rami don dasa akalla kwanaki 15 kafin ranar dasawa, ƙimar ta kai tsaye ya dogara da girman tsarin tushen shuka. Ya kamata a ɗauka cewa tuna ya kamata a sanya Tushen a cikin rami da yardar kaina. Matsakaicin girman ramin shine 0.5x0.5x0.5 m. A yayin da ƙasa akan shafin ba ta da kyau, to zurfin ramin ya haɓaka, tun da takin ko abin birgima a cikin adadin kilogram 5-7 dole ne a zuba a ƙasan shi, zuwa 100 gram superphosphate. Wannan Layer dole ne yayyafa shi da ƙasa, tunda bai kamata ya kasance tare da tsarin tushen shuka ba. Bayan rabin wata bayan shirya ramin, kuna buƙatar ci gaba zuwa dasa kai tsaye na ciyawa. Dole ne a sanya tushen tushen seedling a cikin rami, bayan an daidaita shi, an haƙa shi, kuma dole ne a girgiza tushe a koyaushe, in ba haka ba za'a sami voids da yawa a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki, ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa-kusa dole ne a yi rauni, sannan a zuba lita 20 na ruwa a ƙarƙashinsa. Lokacin da ruwa ya cika tunawa a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a rufe farfajiyar akwati mai cike da ciyawa. Don ƙwayar bakin ciki mai rauni da rauni, kuna buƙatar tallafi, wanda aka tura zuwa tsakiyar kasan ramin kafin dasa shuki. Lokacin da aka dasa bishiyar itace, yakamata a ɗaura shi da wannan tallafin. Idan ƙasa a kan shafin yumɓu ne da nauyi, to, a ƙarshen ramin, wajibi ne don yin magudanar ruwan bulo mara nauyi.

Lokacin dasa ruwa

Dasa ciyawa a buɗe a cikin kaka da damana kusan iri ɗaya ne. Bambanci shine cewa don dasa shuki, an shirya rami a faɗo, yayin da ake zubar da cakuda kayan abinci mai mahimmanci a ciki. Ana saukowa a ƙasa a farkon bazara, dole ne a kammala shi a watan Afrilu.

Mulberry namo a cikin lambu

Don kula da ciyawa da aka girma a gonar, kuna buƙatar daidai daidai ga sauran amfanin gona. Dole ne a shayar da shi a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa, sako, yanke, abinci, tsari daga kwari da cututtuka, da sassauta farfajiya na kewaya.

Tsarin Mulberry

Don rage girman haɗarin lalacewar bishiya ta cututtuka daban-daban ko karin kwari, ya zama dole don aiwatar da hanyoyin rigakafin kai a kai, yayin da ba kawai shuka ba ne, amma har ma a farfaɗo da da'irar gangar jikin. Don jiyya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da fungicides. Ana ba da shawarar irin wannan spraying a farkon kwanakin Afrilu don buds na barci, da kuma a watan Oktoba, lokacin da lokacin girma ya ƙare. Maganin maganin Nitrafen ko Bordeaux (3%) zai taimaka muku jimre wa cututtuka da kwari. A cikin bazara, ana bada shawara don fesa itacen tare da maganin urea (7%), wanda zai lalata dukkan kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma zasu zama tushen nitrogen ga shuka, wanda yake buƙata sosai a farkon lokacin girma.

Watering mulberries

Don yin itacen itacen mulmula-wanda zai iya tsayayya da hunturu, dole ne a shayar da shi akai-akai tun daga farkon bazara zuwa Yuli. Wannan yakamata ayi hakan yayin lokacin fari. Farawa a Yuli, ba za ku iya shayar da shuka ba. Idan a cikin bazara akwai ruwan sama mai yawa, to, ba kwa buƙatar shayar da ciyawar.

Kunya ta Mulberry

Tun daga farkon bazara zuwa Yuli, wannan itaciya tana buƙatar kayan miya. A cikin bazara, shuka yana buƙatar takin mai magani na nitrogen, kuma a lokacin rani - a cikin potash da phosphorus.

Mulberry a cikin kewayen birni da ke Moscow

Yankin Yankin Rasha da yanayin Moscow ba su dace da shuka ba. Koyaya, na dogon lokaci a wurin sun koyan girma irin al'adun kudanci kamar apricot, inabi, da mulberry ba su da wuya. Wannan tsiron da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara yana da damar tsira daga digowar zafin jiki zuwa ƙarancin digiri 30. Koyaya, idan lokacin hunturu yana ɗan ƙaramin dusar ƙanƙara, to, bishiyar mulberry na iya mutuwa ko da yawan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa ƙasa digiri 7-10. A wannan batun, yayin dasa shuki a cikin yankin Moscow, tushen wuyansa bai kamata a binne shi sosai a cikin ƙasa ba.

Tun da tsawon lokacin awoyi na hasken rana a Yankin Moscow bai cika bukatun mulberry ba, irin wannan shuka, wanda aka girma a Yankin Moscow, yana da lokaci 2 na ciyayi a shekara - a lokacin bazara da kaka. Wannan itaciyar tana da ikon da ba a saba gani ba, tana iya samar da abin toshe kwalaba tsakanin maɗaukaki kuma marassa tushe na tushe. Sakamakon haka, bishiyar bishiyar kaka a cikin kaka na iya jefa waɗancan ɓangarorin harbi waɗanda ba za su iya ci gaba ba, wanda hakan zai ba shi damar tsira da kyau lokacin hunturu. A wannan batun, a cikin kaka, ba kawai farantin ganye ba, har ma sassan ɓangarorin mai tushe sun tashi kusa da irin wannan al'ada a cikin kewayen birni da Moscow. Wannan shine kawai bambanci a cikin narkar da mulberries idan aka kwatanta da yankuna masu zafi.

Mulberry a Siberiya

Wannan shuka ana iya yin shuka a Siberiya ne kawai idan an ƙara ƙarfin juriyarsa. Wannan yana da wuya a yi, amma mai yiwuwa ne idan ana so. Idan mai kula da lambu yana da babban marmarin shuka bishiyar bishiyoyi a yankin da ke da yanayin sanyi, to lallai ne ya yi nazarin labaran kwararrun lambu V. Shalamov da G. Kazanin.

Mulberry pruning

Ana bada shawarar ciyawa ta mulmula a cikin bangare ko kuma sauran hutawa. Mafi kyawun duka, itacen yana jurewa pruning a farkon lokacin bazara kafin ya fara kwarara ruwan itace. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana bada shawarar yin tsufa da yin gyaran kwalliya daga kwanakin karshe na Afrilu zuwa farkon - Mayu har sai kodan ta bude. A cikin kaka, lokacin da ganyayen ganye suka ƙare, ana yin tsabtace tsabtace, yayin da zazzabi iska a titi kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 10.

Yadda za a datsa mulberries

Daban-daban nau'ikan bishiyoyi suna da fasali iri daban daban. Misali, ciyawa masu son yin kuka suna bukatar yin girki, da kuma rage gauraye da rassa. Tun da wannan nau'in an mayar da shi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, har ma da karfi pruning ba ji tsoron shi.

Itace mai bishiyar mulmula yana buƙatar kafa kambi kawai. Don yin wannan, a kan dogayen sanda, wanda rassan ba sa nan gaba daya, ya zama dole a samar da wata babbar sifar mai siffar mai sihiri ko gurnani.

Mulberry na ado shine mafi wuya a samar. Hakanan zai zama da wahala a tsare tsare ainihin itacen.

Mulberry pruning a cikin bazara

Yayin da shuka yake ƙarami, ya zama dole a yanke dukkan rassan daga matashinsa zuwa tsawo na santimita 150. A wannan yanayin, a cikin tsohuwar shuka, rassan ba za su nutse zuwa saman shafin ba. Mai jagoran da aka adana zai iya girma zuwa mita 5-6, yayin yankan duk mai gasa. Idan baku son yin zane mai kwalliya, to kawai ku bari kambi ya girma a zahiri. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar itace mai tsayi ba tsayi ba, wanda ya dace don kulawa. A saboda wannan, dole ne a yanke tukunyar apical a tsayi na 1.35-1.7 m, to, an kafa kwarangwal, wanda ya kamata yayi daidai da itacen apple mai ban sha'awa. Irin wannan itaciyar yakamata ya kasance daga rassan kwarangwal 8 zuwa 10. Lokacin da aka kafa shuka, zai zama dole don kula da tsarin da aka ƙirƙira, saboda wannan, yankan kuma share waɗancan mai tushe waɗanda ba a buƙata. Ba a ba da shawarar lalatattun rassan tumatir ba; maimakon haka, dole ne a tallafa musu.

Mulberry pruning a cikin fall

A lokacin da yake cikin kaka duk kwari suna fita daga itacen, ya zama dole don magance shirinta don hunturu. Don haka, a wannan lokacin wajibi ne don aiwatar da haramcin tsabtace tsabtace jiki, don wannan, duk an ji rauni, ya bushe, ya lalace ta hanyar sanyi ko cuta, rassan bakin ciki da mai tushe, da waɗanda ke girma a cikin kambi, ya kamata a yanke. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bishiyar mulberry ba ta buƙatar scraps na shekara-shekara.

Mulberry yaduwa

Mulberry za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar na samar da iri (iri), kazalika da ciyayi - ta hanyar alurar riga kafi, zuriya, lignified da kore kore, da kuma layering.

Yadda ake girma daga zuriya

Yakamata a fitar da tsaba daga 'ya'yan itaciyar a halin yanzu daga kusan tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen ranakun Oktoba, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar cire duk naman. Sannan a nitsar dasu na tsawon awanni 1-2 a cikin kokarin samarda ci gaban (misali, Zircon ko Epin). Bayan haka, suna shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. A cikin taron cewa zaku shiga amfanin gona a farkon lokacin bazara, to lallai zuriyayen zasu buƙaci gurɓatar da wannan kafin makonni 4-8. Wataƙila ba za ku buƙaci daidaita ƙwayar ba, amma a wannan yanayin za su buƙaci girmar riga. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, nan da nan kafin shuka, dole ne a nutsar da tsaba a cikin ruwan sanyi na tsawon awanni 24, sannan a fitar da su kuma a adana su na adadin lokaci a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi sosai (daga digiri 50 zuwa 53).

Don gado, zaɓi yanki mai cike da fitila, ba a haɗa shi ba. Don haka kuna buƙatar shirya tsaran kuma ku zubo su da ruwa, bayan narkewa a ciki takin mai magani wanda aka yi niyya don 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona na Berry. Abubuwan da aka shuka na wannan shuka ƙananan ne, kuma suna buƙatar da za a shuka su kamar yadda ba zai yiwu ba. Ya kamata a binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 30-30 mm. Ana buƙatar shayar da gado sosai lokacin da aka dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa, sannan shimfiɗar ƙasa ta rufe da ciyawa. A cikin kaka, ana yin ciyawa mai kauri idan aka kwatanta da bazara, tunda a cikin hunturu tsaba na iya daskarewa. Lingsaan da suka fito suna buƙatar buƙatar shayar da shukar, sako da ciyar dasu. Da farko lokacin kaka, za a iya dasa shuki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, yayin da ya dogara da nau'in ciyawa, nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai ya zama mita 3-5. Shuka da aka shuka daga tsaba ta fara bada 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 5 ko 6. Wannan hanyar haifuwa tana da matsala guda daya, watau bishiyar da aka shuka daga zuriya tana gado kawai wani bangare ne na ire-iren ire-iren mahaifar ko kuma ba ta gado su kwata-kwata. Dangane da wannan, seedlings girma ta wannan hanyar ana yawanci amfani da su azaman hannun jari don budding.

Mulberry yaduwa daga zuriya

Idan itacen mulmula ya ɗanɗana sanyi da sanyi a lokacin hunturu mai sanyi, to ana iya amfani da offspringan tushen tushensa don maye gurbin itacen daskararre. A kan wannan zuriya, ana kafa kambi a hankali. Dole ne a cire hanyoyin da ba dole ba, kuma idan ana so, za a iya cire su daga ƙasa tare da tushen tsarin, 1/3 na mai tushe za a iya taqaitaccen sannan a yi amfani da shi azaman seedlings. Wannan hanyar tana da kyau domin yaran sun sami damar kiyaye yanayin halayen mahaifan.

Mulberry yaduwa ta hanyar yanke

Idan itace itace, to don yaduwarta zaka iya amfani da koren kore. Amma cakuduwar wannan hanyar ita ce cewa kuna buƙatar shigarwa na musamman wanda zai iya ƙirƙirar ƙaramar dakatarwar ruwa a cikin nau'i na hazo a cikin gidan kore. Ana girbi girbi a cikin watan Yuni-Yuli, a wannan lokacin shuka yana da haɓakar girma na Mulberry. An yanke yankan daga mai tushe, wanda ya isa tsawon 15 zuwa 20 santimita kuma yana da fure 2 ko 3. An shuka su a cikin greenhouse a wani kusurwa na digiri 45. A cikin ƙasa mai sako-sako da ƙasa, ƙananan yanka na shank dole ne a dirka su zuwa zurfin 30 mm. A abin da ake riƙewa, kuna buƙatar barin couplean ƙaramin faranti guda biyu, waɗanda aka gajarta ½ bangare. Wajibi ne a tabbata cewa gidan shinkafa yana da yanayin yanayin zafi. Matasa masu fashewa da kuma tsarin tushen karfi a tsirrai zasu bayyana da kaka, amma dasa shuki a bude yakamata a jinkirta har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

Hakanan za'a iya yada bishiyar Mulberry ta hanyar yankan dabino, wadanda aka girbe a lokaci guda kamar kore. Don tushen irin wannan ya zama daidai irin kore. Rashin dacewar wannan haifuwar shine cewa tushen guntu-mai ƙanƙan wuta ya lalace a hankali. Itace wanda ya girma ta wannan hanyar ya gaji duk ire-iren halayen ɗan adam na ƙwayar iyaye.

Mulberry grafting

Don yi wa allurar ciyawa, zaka iya amfani da duk hanyoyin da aka sani. Koyaya, masanan lambu masu gogewa sun bada shawarar dakatar da zaɓinku akan copulation (grafting akan yanke tare da yanke). Idan ana amfani da sauƙin kwafin, to sai an haɗa scion da rootstock, kauri wanda ya zama iri ɗaya.Dole ne a yi ɓangaren Oblique a kan rootstock da scion tsakanin biyu buds, yayin da tsayin su ya zama daidai da diamita na tsire-tsire da aka zube, ya ninka ta 4 (alal misali, idan diamita daga cikin tushenta da graion graft shine 1.2 cm, to, tsawon yanka zai zama 4.8 cm ) Daidaita sassan tare da juna kuma kunsa su tare da kowane abu na roba ko kayan tef.

Hakanan ana amfani dashi shine ingantaccen ɗora tare da harshe. Don yin wannan, yankan farce da tushen su suna buƙatar yanke su kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, bayan haka dole ne a ƙara haɗe da ƙananan-yare. Wajibi ne a karkace daga ƙarshen yanki 1/3 na tsawonsa, sannan a yi yankan tsakiyar tsakiyar yanki a kan sikirin sama da ƙasa akan hannun jari. Dole ne a haɗu da wuraren yanka don juna, bayan haka shafuka suna rauni saboda suna da haɗin kai sosai. A ƙarshen, dole ne a rufe wurin maganin alurar riga kafi tare da tef.

Cutar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tare da hoto da kwatancinsu

Itace bishiyar itace tana da juriya sosai game da cututtuka daban-daban, amma a wasu yanayi kuma tana iya rashin lafiya. Mafi sau da yawa, yana fama da tabo na launin ruwan kasa (cylindrosporiosis), curly small-leaved, powdery mildew da bacteriosis. Hakanan, itaciyar zata iya lalata naman gwari.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew shine cutar fungal. A cikin abin da aka shafa na shuka, fostish mai rufi mai rufi a farfajiya na mai tushe da faranti ganye. A lokacin bushewa, cutar tana ci gaba da aiki sosai, musamman idan kambin shuka ya yi kauri. Da zaran an gano alamun farko na cutar, itacen ya kamata a fesa tare da cakuda Bordeaux, Fundazole ko dakatarwar sulfur colloidal. Don manufar yin rigakafin a cikin kaka, ya wajaba a fke da kuma lalata dukkan ciyawar da ke tashi.

Cylindrosporosis

Hakanan launin ruwan kasa na ganye shine cutar fungal. A cikin samfirin da abin ya shafa, an kirkiro allunan ja-violet tare da iyakokin kowace shekara a saman faranti na ganye. Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, ƙwayar ganyayyaki a cikin tudun ya zube, ƙwaƙwalwar kanta ta koma rawaya kuma ta tashi kewaye. Da zaran an lura da alamun farko na cutar, ya kamata a kula da itacen tare da maganin Silite (1%). A wannan yanayin, kimanin lita 3 na wannan maganin ya kamata ya tafi shuka ɗaya. Ana sake yin magani bayan rabin wata bayan na farko.

Kwayar cuta

Mafi sau da yawa, matasa mai tushe da ganye faranti na mulberry suna shafar kwayoyin cuta. Abubuwan da ba su dace ba suna bayyana a farfajiyarsu, kuma bayan lokaci sai suka yi baƙi. Sakamakon haɓakar cutar, ganye yana jujjuyawa ya juyo, da kuma lalacewar mai tushe, yayin da gum-like take ƙyalle akan farfajiya. Don magance wannan cutar, yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Gamair ko Fitoflavin. Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa tsire-tsire masu fama da ƙwayar cuta ba koyaushe za'a iya warkewa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a yi kokarin hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar gudanar da hanyoyin rigakafin kai a kai.

-An ƙaramin ganye

Masu ɗauke da irin wannan cutar ta kwayar cuta kamar ƙaramar ganye-kwari kwari ne. A cikin wata itaciyar mara lafiya, ganyayyaki ya ragu tsakanin jijiyoyin, sannan sai siffofin nodularity mai girma. Yayinda cutar ta bunkasa, farantin ganye ya zama yaɗaɗɗɗa kuma yana ninkawa, mai tushe ya zama mai rauni sosai kuma yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana lura da haɓakar ƙarancin adadin su. Ba za a iya magance wannan cuta ba, saboda haka matakan kariya suna da mahimmanci. Don kada shuka ya kamu, ya zama dole a yi yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗannan sun haɗa da dukkanin kwari masu tsotsa, alal misali: thrips, aphids, ticks, da sauransu.

Tarin naman gwari

Naman gwari yana zaune akan bishiya kuma yana kaiwa zuwa ga lalata itace. Spoarancinta, na faɗuwa cikin raunuka da fasa a cikin bazuka, yana ɗaukar kwayar cutar, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa ga lalata akwatinta. Bayan an gano irin wannan naman kaza, dole ne a yanke shi, ya kama wani ɓangaren itacen, kuma ya lalace. Sakamakon raunin da yakamata ya kamata a kula dashi tare da maganin maganin ɓawon jan karfe (5%). Don haka dole ne a rufe shi da cakuda, don shiri wanda ya wajaba don haɗa lemun tsami, yumɓu da ciyawar shanu (1: 1: 2). Idan akwai wasu lahani na farji a saman bishiyar da ɗanɗano ke kwarara daga cikin su, to ya zama dole a tsaftace waɗannan raunukan, sannan a shafe su da sinadarin sulfate na jan karfe (1%), sannan a magance su da maganin da ya ƙunshi Nigrol da itacen ash, wanda dole ne a narke, a ɗauka waɗannan abubuwan haɗin a cikin rabo daga 7: 3.

Karin kwari da hotuna da kwatanci

Karin kwari a kan mulberries shirya sosai da wuya. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan shuka yana cutar da malam buɗe ido na Americanan Amurka, tsutsotsin dabbobi, kwari gizo-gizo da kwari.

Farar fata malam buɗe ido

Babban haɗari ga itacen bishi shine farin farin Amurkawa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan kwaro suna launin launin ruwan kasa-kore, a saman su akwai dunƙun rawaya mai launin shuɗi a gefunan da warts baki. Wadannan caterpillars na iya murza duk ganye a ciyawa. Bincika itaciyar, yanke da lalata webin gizo-gizo. A kan akwati, dole ne a shigar da belts na farauta na musamman, kuma dole ne a fesa kambi na shuka tare da Chlorophos.

Bishiyar asu

Haka kuma macijin kwari na ciyar da ciyawar wannan tsiro. Don kare shuka daga irin wannan kwari, ya kamata a kula da shi tare da Chlorophos a cikin bazara, lokacin da aka fara fara kumburin, saboda a wannan lokacin ne ake ganin bayyanar irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Spider mites

Idan kwayayen gizo-gizo suke zaune akan itaciya, to ana iya ganin mafi kyawun gidan yanar gizo akan sa. Kwayoyin kwari kansu ƙanana ne kuma ba za a iya gani da su tsirara ido ba. Koyaya, irin waɗannan ɓarna suna haifar da babban haɗari ga Mulberry. Icksan tsatsotsin suna dame saman daskararren ganye sannan su tsotse ruwan ruwan daga gare su. Sakamakon haka, ciyawar ta zama launin ruwan kasa kuma tayi birgima. Ya kamata kuma ka san cewa wannan kwaro yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ɗaukar cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo. Alamar itace kwaro ce ta arachnid, sabili da haka, don warwatsewa, ya zama dole don amfani da wakilan acaricidal, alal misali: Actellik, Tick-bear, da sauransu.

Macijin Kiwo

Wani kwaro mai tsotsa shine Comstock. Yana daidaita kan ciyayi, haushi da kuma rassan bishiyar bishiyoyi. Kwaro kuma yaci abinci a jikin tsiron, wanda ya sa ya yi rauni sosai. Saboda wannan kwaro, ciwace-ciwace da raunuka suna bayyana akan bishiya, lalata da bushewar rassa suna faruwa, sai ganyayen su zama rawaya su tashi su tashi. Don lalata tsutsotsi, dole ne a fesa itacen da maganin kashe ƙwari.

Iri da nau'ikan mulberry tare da bayanin

Mulberry yana da tsayayyar rikicewa. Dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa daga kafofin daban-daban, wannan asalin ya haɗu da nau'ikan 17-200. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa akwai ɗimbin yawa na halittar ciyawa, waɗanda masana kimiyya suka bambanta cikin jinsin 'yanci. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana nau'ikan mulberry 3, waɗanda suka fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu.

Mulberry Red (Morus rubra)

Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shine Arewacin Amurka. An bambanta wannan shuka ta jimiri, unpretentiousness da juriya ga sanyi da fari. Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar na iya bambanta daga mita 10 zuwa 20. Kambi yana da siffar tanti. Haushi shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon faranti ganye ya kai santimita 12, za su iya zama zagaye, doguwar tsawo ko wucewar su, gaban su yayi tsauri, kuma ana jin ciki. Leaf ruwan wukake akan matasa harbe zurfin-bladed. 'Ya'yan itãcen m acid mai laushi sun kai tsawon mm 30, suna da ja mai duhu, kusan launin baki. A waje, suna kama da 'ya'yan itacen blackberries. Mulberries an ripened a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli. Yawanci, wakilan wannan nau'in sune tsire-tsire masu dioecious sabili da haka, don su iya ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace, suna buƙatar ɗan mata. Monoecious tsire-tsire ne sosai rare. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'i na ado - mullen mulberry: underside na takardar faranti yana da ɗimbin farin farin launi.

Black Mulberry (Morus nigra)

Wurin haifan wannan shine Afghanistan da Iran. Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar tare da kambi mai yaduwa zai iya kaiwa kimanin mita 15. Babban faranti na kayayyakin asymmetric suna da siffar kwai mai faɗi, tsawonsu yakai santimita 20, faɗin su yakai santimita 15. Fuskokinsu na gaba ne mai wuyar gani, kuma ana jin baya. Haske, baƙi fruitsan itace kusan tsawon mm 30 mm kuma suna da dandano mai daɗi da m. Wannan nau'in yakan iya tsayawa fari ga fari, amma yana da ƙasa da damarar hunturu idan aka kwatanta shi da fari da fari ja. An samo sababbin sabbin abubuwa kan ka'idodi na asali:

1. Gyara. Wannan shi ne sosai m tsari. Ana yin shuka shi a cikin akwati.
2. Shelli Lambar 150. Wannan babban nau'in itace yana da halin aiki. Tsawon 'ya'yan itaciyar mai laushi da sweeta sweetan itace zasu iya kaiwa mm 55. Fusoshin yana da girma sosai, tsayinsa na iya kaiwa zuwa cm 50. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan farantin kayan don dalilai na ado.

Yawancin nau'ikan da suka gabata sun fi shahara tsakanin lambu: Royal, Black Prince, Black Pearl, 'Ya'yan itace-4 da Nadezhda.

Farar Mulberry (Morus alba)

Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce China, inda ta fi son ci gaba a cikin gandunan daji mai ɗorewa. Tsawon itaciya tare da kambi mai tsayi mai tsayi tana iya kaiwa mita 20. Haushi da aka lalata shine launin ruwan kasa. Hawayen rassan matasa suna canza launin a launuka daban-daban daga launin ruwan kasa-ja zuwa kore-launin toka. Abin sha'awa, faranti na ganye masu girma dabam da siffofi na iya girma akan wannan bishiyar. A lokacin rani, launin launi na duhu ne kore, kuma a cikin kaka - rawaya-bambaro. Ana iya fentin 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi a launuka daban-daban, siffarsu tana kama da siffar raspberries ko blackberries. Wannan nau'in an san shi da taurin hunturu, unpretentiousness da juriya ga yanayin birane. Akwai adadi mai yawa na siffofin ado:

1. Yayi kuka. A tsayi, irin wannan shuka zai iya kaiwa mita 5. Fuskokinta suna bakin ciki.
2. Pyramidal. Tsawon irin waɗannan tsirrai tare da rawanin pyramidal mai ƙyalli bai wuce mita 8 ba. Faratun faranti.
3. Mai karafa. Kambin lush yana da sihiri.
4. Cokali-mai siffa. Irin wannan itace mai yawan kara-girma ya kai mita 5. Fayil concave foliage. Berries ripen in mun gwada da wuri.
5. Babban-leaved. Tsawon lokacin ganye yana kusan 22imita.
6. Babban kunkuntar-leaved. Wannan nau'in fasalin-daji yana da ƙananan fararen ganye waɗanda ba su da kyau kuma suna da wuya.
7. Ganyen da aka watsa. Irin wannan shuka yana da kyan gani. An buɗe faranti na ganye a cikin ƙyallen ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun. Gilasai na gewaye da apical suna da tsawo.
8. Zinare. A launi da matasa harbe da kuma ganye ne rawaya-zinariya.
9. Tatar. Wannan itace tsatstsauran an san shi ta hanyar jinkirin girma da tsaurin sanyi. Leavesanan ganye suna da lobed da yawa.

Idan kana son shuka itacen bishiya domin samun 'ya'yan itace, kuma ba don yin ado ba, to ya kamata ka kula da nau'ikan fararen ciyayi:

1. Farin zuma. A kan irin wannan tsayi inji, farin fari berries girma, kai tsawon 30 mm.
2. Yarinya mai launin fata. A iri ne halin da yawan aiki da kuma hunturu hardiness. Black berries suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano-ƙwaya da tsawon misalin 35 mm.
3. Farin taushi. Dankin yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. M furanni masu tsayi a tsayinsu ya kai mm 50.
4. Luganochka. An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar yawan aiki. Berriesan itace mai launi mai launi-cream kusan 55 mm ne.
5. Baron Fata. A iri ne farkon cikakke hunturu-resistant. M, m berries m tsawon 35 mm.
6. Staromoskovskaya. Iri-iri tare da kambi mai siffar maras nauyi shine mai tsaurin hunturu. Fruitsa fruitsan itace masu daɗi kusan baki ne a launi kuma suna da tsawon kusan 30 mm.
7. Ukrainian-6. Wannan farkon cikakke iri ne halin da yawan aiki. Bishiyoyi masu launin baƙi a cikin tsayi sun kai 40 ko fiye da milimita.

Hakanan shahararrun nau'ikan iri ne kamar: Diana, White Tenderness, Snow White da Mashenka.

Iri tare da fruitsa thean itace mafi girma: White Tenderness, Shelli No. 150, Pearl Black da Black Prince.

Don namo a cikin kewayen birni ba su dace da irin ciyawar baƙar fata ba. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan farin ciyawa sun sami nasarar yin noma shekaru da yawa a cikin tsakiyar latitudes, sune: Vladimirskaya, Korolevskaya, zuma Belaya da Staromoskovskaya.

Abubuwan Mulberry: fa'idodi da cutarwa

M Properties na Mulberry

Mulberry ya warkar da kaddarorin, kuma wannan an bayyana shi ta mazabunsa: bitamin A, K, E da C, abubuwanda suka samo, selenium, iron, manganese, zinc da jan karfe, macrocells phosphorus, magnesium, alli, potassium da sodium. Abun da ke tattare da 'ya'yan itace cikakke sun hada da riboflavin, pantothenic da folic acid, tocopherol, pyridoxine da choline.

A madadin magani, ana amfani da irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa sosai. 'Ya'yan itãcen kore suna taimakawa tare da ƙwannafi da zawo, da waɗanda aka farfado suna da laxative kuma ana amfani dasu don maƙarƙashiya. Don cututtukan cututtukan makogwaro, an shayar da shi tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka narke shi da ruwan zãfi. Tare da mashako, mummunan cututtukan numfashi da kuma asma, ana amfani da kumburin 'ya'yan itatuwa da haushi.

A matsayin wakili na antipyretic don zazzabi, ana amfani da jiko na foliage. Tare da hauhawar jini, ana bada shawara don amfani da decoction na haushi da asalinsu, wanda ke da sakamako mai diuretic. Kwararru suna ba da shawara ga mutumin da ke da dystrophy na myocardial da cututtukan zuciya don cin 'ya'yan itacen mulberry da yawa: sau 4 a rana, 0.3 kilogiram kowane mako 4.

Ya kamata a ɗan sha ruwan 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka bushe tare da rashin bacci da damuwa, tunda ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin B, waɗanda ke da tasirin gaske akan ƙwayoyin carbohydrate da sinadarai, sannan kuma suna tallafawa ayyukan tsarin juyayi.

Hakanan ana ba da shawarar 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari don cin abinci a cikin lokacin dawowa bayan tiyata, kazalika da nauyin jiki. Gaskiyar ita ce magnesium, potassium da quercetin da ke cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da amfani mai amfani ga hematopoiesis.

Magungunan Fomedol, wanda aka yi da ganyen ciyawa a Vietnam, ana amfani dashi don cututtukan fata da cututtukan fata.

Powdered haushi, haɗe shi da mai, yana taimakawa warkarwa yankan, raunuka, bruises da ulcers a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Idan an dame ringworm da ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo ne sau da yawa a rana, to, zai ɓace cikin sauri. Koyaya, mafi mahimmanci, ciyawa tana cikin ɗayan farkon farkon dangane da abun da ke cikin potassium. A wannan batun, ana bada shawara don amfani dashi tare da hypokalemia (rashin potassium a cikin jiki).

Wataƙila lahani

Mulberry na iya cutar da mutum kawai idan mutum yana da haƙurin rashin haƙuri. Idan kuka ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, zaku iya jin haushin narkewar abinci. Guda iri daya ne lura lokacin da cin unripe berries. Ka tuna kuma cewa ruwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itaciyar bishiyar mulberry suna da talauci sosai tare da wasu ruwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, hakan yana haifar da fermentation a cikin hanjin. A wannan batun, dole ne a ci abinci daban (awanni biyu kafin da 2 sa'o'i bayan wani abincin).