Juniper na yau da kullun shine mafi yawan gama gari, na hali, amma ba da ma'anar nau'in jinsunan da aka fi sani da manyan kwayoyin halitta ba. Zai yi wuya a hango rukunin tsire-tsire waɗanda wakilan su na iya kama da bishiyoyi 10-m, manyan tsirrai tare da rawanin dala ko ƙyalli, da ƙanƙani, samfuran kamannin dwarf.
Za a iya samun juniper na gama gari a Turai da Arewacin Afirka, a Asiya da kuma a kan Arewacin Amurka. Shuke-shuke fi son yanayin canjin yanayi, suna da cikakkiyar fassara kuma suna rayuwa a cikin yawancin yanayin unpreentious don ɗaruruwan shekaru. Samun jurewa da daidaitawa da yanayin waje ya taimaka wa juniper din ya iya tsira daga bala'o'in yanayi da kuma rayuwa har zuwa yau.
Bayanin gama ruwan juniper (Juniperus communis)
Sakamakon zabin yanayi, nau'ikan juniper da yawa sun bayyana sabanin juna. Shuwan tsire-tsire waɗanda suka zama ƙananan matakin maras nauyi da gandun daji masu ƙwaya waɗanda ke girma a cikin tsaunuka da kuma gefen tekun an horar dasu tun farkon ƙarni na 16. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana kimiyyar botanists ba wai kawai sun tattara cikakken bayanin juniper bane kawai, har ma sun samo sabbin iri.
Bambanta cikin girma da kamannin kambi, tsirrai daga sassa daban-daban na duniya sun ba da tsayayyen tsayuwa. Ta nau'ikan Branch da nau'in harbe, ana yawan rarrabe tsirrai:
- tare da fadi da squat kambi da drooping harbe f. Pendula;
- tare da babban kambi columnar da dan kadan drooping harbe f. Suecica;
- tare da kunkuntar, rawanin rawanin a cikin kamannin f. Compressa;
- tare da karamin budewa, fadada kambi f. Bakin ciki;
- tare da kunkuntar kambi na tsaye da na sama f. Hibernica;
- tare da yada fadi kambi f. S.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan da aka sanya wa sunayensu bayan an gano masu binciken ko kuma a wurin ganowa.
Kamar nau'i, launi na kambi mai juniper ya bambanta. A cikin wata irin shuka ta wannan nau'in, splin lanceolate needles a gefen sa suna da tsinannen tsagewa, shimfidar wuri mai haske da kuma kyakkyawan sifa mai kyau. Babban launi na allura misalin daya da rabi santimita tsayi yana cike da koren launuka mai cike da haske. A yau, masu zanen lambu da masu zanen fili suna da abubuwan da za su iya amfani da su na girke-girke mai amfani da shuɗi ko zinare (Aurea) na alluran matasa.
An rufe rassan wannan nau'in juniper tare da haushi mai launin ja, wanda ke juya launin ruwan kasa tare da shekaru kuma ya fara ficewa daga itace. Kusan shekaru goma, tsire-tsire sun sami yiwuwar yaduwar iri. Bayan pollination akan samfuran mace, zagaye, m cone berries an kafa, ɓoye uku tsaba kowane kuma ripening a shekara ta biyu bayan fitowan.
Forms da iri juniper
Yawan nau'in daji na juniper sun zama ƙasa mai daɗin don aikin kiwo.
Dangane da juniper talakawa, an samo nau'ikan da yawa, waɗanda galibi ana rarrabe su gwargwadon girman tsirrai da yawan ci gabanta:
- Junipers, ƙara 30 cm kowace shekara, ana ɗaukar cikakkiyar girma.
- Tsirrai masu matsakaicin girma suna girma 15 ko morearin santimita a kowace kakar.
- Girma na shekara na dwarf junipers shine 8-15 cm.
- Junipers mallakar ƙananan nau'in suna ƙara girman su ba fiye da 8 cm ba.
- Matsakaicin girma girma a cikin tsire-tsire daga rukuni na micro, yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar 1-3 cm a kowace shekara.
Juniper ya yi girma tare da rassan mai jujjuyawa sau da yawa ba su dace da kowane rukunin rukuni ba, kuma haɓakawarsu yana tafiya ta fuskoki daban-daban. Don haka yanayi yana haifar da musamman, tsire-tsire masu kuka.
Juniper talakawa Horstmann (Horstmann)
Misalin irin wannan rashin kunya, sifar asymmetrical shine juniper da aka samo a cikin fadama na Jamus. Itatuwa tare da matsakaicin girman girma a cikin 'yan shekaru bayan dasa shuki ya kai girman mita 1.5-2.5. Kodayake a farkon girma ana yin harbe har sama, tsawaita, za su, samar da kambi na asali na Juniper talakawa Horstmann. Wannan tsire-tsire masu ƙaunar haske da unpreentious yana da tsire-tsire na spinal kore, m akan rassan manya.
A cikin zane-zanen ƙasa, juniper na wannan iri-iri koyaushe shine tsakiyar abun da ke ciki, yana jan hankalin idanu da sanya shakkuwar yanayin abin mamaki.
Juniper talakawa Repanda (Repanda)
Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan juniper shine ɗan itace tare da ɗakin kwana, zagaye ko kambi mai rarrafe. Tsawon babban Juniper na Juniper bai wuce 30 cm ba, amma a cikin fadin sa rassan sun girma zuwa diamita na mita daya da rabi.
Yawancin yanayi daga Ireland zai iya yin tsayayya da digiri arba'in na sanyi ba tare da alamun lalacewa ba, amma a cikin yanayi na duniya bushes na iya fama da ƙarancin iska. Dangane da bayanin, babban juniper na wannan nau'in ya lanƙwasa allura masu lanƙwasa zuwa cikin ƙasa kaɗan da santimita ɗaya. Kambi ne mai launin shuɗi tare da tintaccen azurfa wanda aka kirkira ta raunin haske akan allura.
Juniper talakawa Kafet (Green magana)
Ta hanyar, Juniper Green Kafet ɗin gama gari yana da kusanci ga iri-iri na Repanda. Sunansa sosai magana. Lallai, tsiro mai tsiro a sararin samaniya yana yin wani kaifin kore wanda yake da faɗin tsayin 15 cm 6. Saboda tsintsiyar tsiya, baya jin tsoron lokacin sanyi, baya wahala daga iska kuma zai iya jure sanyi har ƙasa zuwa − 40 ° C.
Juniper talakawa Hibernica (Hibernica)
Wani nau'in Irish na juniperus vulgaris yana da siffar kunkuntar dala ko shafi. Itace ta kasance a cikin al'ada tsawon shekaru 200. An nuna godiya ga shrub saboda haske, ba tarnishing hunturu needles da m kambi kafa ta girma harbe. Juniper na manya ya kai nisan mita 4 zuwa 8, yana yin ado ga lambun da ciyawar shuɗi mara nauyi mai kauri a duk tsawon shekara.
A cikin yanayin Rasha, Hibernika na gama gari ba ya tsira hunturu ko'ina. Fushin sanyi na shuka shine -17 ° C.
Juniper talakawa Arnold (Arnold)
Tsawon ɗan itacen daji na wannan nau'in ba ya wuce mita ɗaya ko biyu. Ana nuna bambancin tsire-tsire na Arnold juniper ta hanyar kunkuntar, kamannin-kamar ko dala mai kama, karuwa kawai 10 m kowace shekara, kazalika da guntun allurai na launin kore-launin toka ko launin shudi-shudi.
Juniper talakawa Mayer (Mayer)
A tsakiyar karni na karshe, malamin ƙasar Jamus Erich Mayer ya sami juniper iri tare da babban kambi mai kama da dala. Shrubaunar haske da sanyi mai jurewa itace tsiro zuwa tsayin mita uku kuma ana kiranta da mahalicci.
Daga cikin masu zanen fili da kuma masu son tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, ana iya jin daɗin juniper Meyer saboda kambi na ado da allura-kore mai launin shuɗi. Spiky allurai tare da m mai haske suna kama da alluran spruce, suna yin juniper yayi kama da sanannen conifer.
Juniper talakawa Suecica (Suecica)
Sanannen abu ne a arewacin Turai da Rasha, Juniper Suecica na gama gari ba shi da tsari guda. Itatuwan yayi tsiro da yawa a jikin kwatsam lokaci guda, yana kaiwa tsayin mita 10 yayin da suke girma. Kyau mai daraja yana kunshe da madaidaiciya da yawa, yana jujjuyawa a ƙarshen rassan. Bambanci tare da karamin girma shekara-shekara, babban hunturu hardness da kyau halaye na ado sauƙi sami wuri a cikin zane na rani gida, Parks da murabba'in gari.
Dasa kuma kula da na gama gari
Juniper gama gari shine tsire-tsire mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda, godiya ga fassarar sa, yana ɗaukar tushe cikin inuwa m. A kantin rani, an zaɓi shuka wata rana, ana mafaka daga wurin iska tare da haske, ƙasa mai gina jiki na yau da kullun.
Ana ɗaukar shishi a ƙasa a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, ko kuma a cikin fall, kafin sanyi ta isa. Don sauƙaƙe kulawa da juniper gama bayan dasa, an shirya rami a gaba.
- Bottomarshen ramin, da ɗan girma fiye da tushen tushen itacen, yana liyi tare da magudanar ruwa na kwakwalwan tubalin, yashi ko yumɓu mai yumɓu.
- Sa'an nan kuma an shirya cakuda kan turf ƙasa, yashi da peat tare da ƙari da yumɓu.
- Nitrogen-phosphorus takin yana haɓaka ƙasa kamar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.
- Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, ana ƙara gari mai dolomite a ciki.
- Saukowa ne da za'ayi a cikin kwanaki 10 - 15, lokacin da kasar gona zaunar.
- An sanya seedling a cikin rami domin tushen wuyansa ya zama santimitaimita na sama da ƙasa ko ƙwanƙwasa tare da shi.
- Bayan cika ramin, ana cakuda ƙasa kuma ana shayar da shi, sannan kuma da'irar tana yalwata mulkoki.
A bayanin juniper na kowa ya haɗa da ambaton unpretentiousness na shuka. Wannan haka yake, saboda haka, kula da daji bashi da wahala. A lokacin zafi dasa lokacin shayar. Kula da sautinta da allura na kayan ado zasu taimaka wa ban ruwa ta.
Ilasa ta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin juniper ta ƙunshi ƙananan namo, weeding da kayan miya saman kai tare da taimakon hadadden hadaddun kayan ado. Idan an dasa shuka akan dutse ko yashi, ana amfani da takin ƙasa sau da yawa.
Idan tsire-tsire da aka dasa akan wurin zasu zama shinge, na yau da kullun, amma ingantaccen aski na juniper ne za'ayi. Ana aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara ko a farkon lokacin bazara saboda haka karuwa a cikin hunturu ya fi karfi.
Junipers ba sa girma da sauri, don haka haramcin tumbi zai tunatar da kanka na dogon lokaci. Drooping da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe ba su yanke.
A cikin bazara, suna gudanar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace ruwan juniper na yau da kullun, tsabtace ƙasa na tarkace tsire-tsire, fesa ciyawa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko wata ƙwayar cuta. Adult shuke-shuke saba da wintering a wani yanki ba tsari ga hunturu. An kafa rawanin matasa na junipers tare da igiya, an rufe shi da rassan spruce kuma an yayyafa shi da dusar ƙanƙara.
