Kusan duk masu shuka da lambu suna sane da kasancewar wata cuta kamar mildew powdery. Ana iya samo shi akan irin kayan lambu irin su cucumbers, zucchini, squash, da kuma akan shukokin lambu, bishiyoyi kuma, ba shakka, furanni. Amma yadda za a magance shi?
Powdery mildew - menene?
Cutar fungal irin su powdery mildew na iya lalacewa ta nau'ikan cututtukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta - fungi.
Abun da ya kamu da shuka ana iya gane shi ta hanyar wani tsiro na farin mycelium. A lokaci mai tsawo, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna bayyana a kanta, kuma wannan yana faruwa bayan spores ya girma. Abin da ya sa ake kira cutar da mildew powdery. Mycelium na iya bayyana a kan petioles, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ganye, amma galibi yakan samo asali ne daga harbe matasa da kuma ganye. Da farko dai, an buge ganye, wanda ke da kusanci ga ƙasa, kuma a kan lokaci, plaque zai rufe kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire. Idan 'ya'yan itacen suka kamu da cutar, to, fasa sukan bayyana a kansu, kuma suka fara lalacewa.
Bayyanar Powdery Mildew
Wannan abin farin ciki-mai launin toka ne kuma galibi yakan kan samar da ganye da kuma harbe matasa. Powdery mildew spores bayyana kamar duhu duhu globules. Bayan wani lokaci, plaque ya zama denser kuma ya yi duhu, ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
Abinda ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta
Yankin fure mai farin jini shine mycelium, kuma yana ci kuma yana rayuwa godiya ga tsiro. Kuma haifuwa tana faruwa ta hanyar spores waɗanda suke yi kama da ƙananan ƙwallon ƙafa.
Pathogens
Sunan cutar yana nuna halaye na alamun kamuwa da cuta, wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga nau'ikan nau'ikan fungi marasa aji. Misali:
- Sphaerotheca mors - shine sanadin kamuwa da cututtukan guzberi;
- Sphaerotheca pannosa forma persicae - peach;
- Sphaerotheca pannosa Lew. var. Rosae Voron. - wardi;
- Uncinula necator - inabi;
- Erysiphe graminis - hatsi;
- Erysiphe communis - gwoza sukari;
- Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerotheca fulig Guinea - kabewa.
Menene haɗarin su
Itatattun kayan tsirrai sun lalace Wadancan sassan tsirrai da suka lalace sun gushe, yayi baki kuma a hankali ya mutu. Ovaries ba su bayyana ba a kan abin da ya shafi ɓataccen labari. Kuma ko da shuka za a cutar quite a bit, wannan ya isa ya raunana shi da rage hunturu hardness na buds, kazalika da harbe. Wannan zai haifar da ƙarshe ga mutuwar tsiro, ko kuma wajen daskarewarta.
Wani lokaci ya bayyana
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shuka ya kamu da mildew powdery a farkon makonnin bazara, saboda a wannan lokacin ne ake fitar da jikin 'ya'yan itace na naman gwari bayan hunturu.
Abinda ya shafi ci gaba
Wannan cuta tana haɓaka da sauri sosai idan ta bushe, yanayin zafi mai mahimmanci tare da canji a yanayin zafi da zazzabi. Hakanan, wannan cuta na iya faruwa idan ana amfani da takin mai magani da yawa da ke ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, da kuma bayan da aka dasa wata shuka da aka tsara don sabunta shi, saboda yana raunana ta sosai.
Yaya rarraba
Powdery mildew na iya yaduwa tare da fesa yayin ruwa, wannan kuma iska tana sauƙaƙe ta. Kuma yayin da tsire-tsire masu lafiya ke hulɗa tare da tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta (idan sun kasance iri ɗaya ne).
Cutar na tasowa da sauri cikin ranakunda akwai zafi da bushewa, haka kuma idan akwai sauƙin yanayi cikin zafin jiki da zafin jiki. Kuma duk, saboda saboda irin wannan yanayin, turgor jihar na shuke-shuke rage-rage, ko kuma wajen, da tashin hankali na tantanin halitta membranes weakens. Don haka, yanayi mafi dacewa don ci gaban cutar an kirkiresu.
Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tare da mildew foda, ƙwayar kabewa tana raguwa zuwa 50%, kuma ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa ma yana raguwa sosai. Kuma ya kamata ku san cewa cucumbers da ke girma a cikin gidajen katako sau da yawa suna rashin lafiya a sakamakon rashin haske da kuma saboda zane-zane, saboda wannan yana raunana shuka sosai. A sakamakon haka, wannan yana haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar mildew. Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire na farko da ke kamuwa suna zaune kusa da ganye ko ƙofofin. Wannan cuta tana iya lalata ba kawai shuka ɗaya ba, har ma da duk abin da ke cikin gidan wuta a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Yadda za a magance milkew powdery da matakan kariya
Kuna buƙatar magance wannan cutar a cikin lokaci mai dacewa. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ku jinkirta wannan taron, to mildew powdery zai iya yaduwa akan babban yanki a cikin ɗan kankanen lokaci.
Don dalilai na hanawa, a cikin kaka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a cire ragowar tsire-tsire kuma a ƙone su, juyawa amfanin gona shima wajibi ne. Abinda yake shine shine fari na mildew winters akan ragowar tsire-tsire. Hakanan, zaku iya shuka kawai waɗannan hybrids waɗanda ke da juriya ga wannan cutar ko kuma suna da rauni sosai daga gare ta.
Idan an ƙara yawan ƙwayar da ke ɗauke da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, wannan na iya ƙara haɗarin mildew powdery. Kuma idan an ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani mai ƙunshe da adadin potassium da phosphorus, to, za su zama da ƙarfi da juriya ga cutar.
Tare da shan kashi na gooseberries ko currant harbe fara lanƙwasa, da girma slows downasa. Ganyayyaki sun zama ƙanana da marasa daidaituwa a tsari, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci sukan bushe su fadowa. Otsan itace da 'ya'yan itaciya na iya shafawa ta hanyar gooseberries, suna haifar da farin aibobi waɗanda suke duhu akan lokaci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daina girma, zama wrinkled kuma fada a kashe. Powdery mildew fara haɓaka da sauri akan zafi, kwanaki, kuma, idan zaku ciyar da shuka da takin mai magani mai yawa. Kuma tsire-tsire suna da rauni sosai ta hanyar tsufa tsufa.
Don dalilai na hanawa, gooseberries da currants a cikin bazara Cutar da abin ya shafa da harbe. Kuma zaka iya ciyar dasu da takin gargajiya ko phosphate. Hakanan kuna buƙatar magani na kashe-kashe, wanda aka yi kafin fure da bayan an girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Itace apple yayin kamuwa da cuta, harbe matasa, furanni, da kuma ganye sun lalace. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ganye sukan daina girma, curl, sannan su faɗi a ƙasa. The buds da harbe da aka shafa a cikin daskarewa hunturu, da kuma hunturu hardness ta apple itacen zama da yawa m. Akwai yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar kamuwa da tsoffin bishiyoyi tare da wannan cuta, da kuma waɗanda ke cikin lambunan da ba a yi musu ba. Kuma akwai kuma haɗarin lalacewar waɗancan bishiyar apple waɗanda ke kan kudu maso yamma ko gangaren kudu.
Idan raspberries kamuwa da cuta, strawberries ko fure kwatangwalo, cutar ta bazu ga shuka gaba ɗaya sai tsarin tushen. Amma galibi yakan shafi ganye. Don haka ganyen tsire-tsire ya zama m, suna jujjuya gefunan kuma sun zama iri ɗaya a cikin kwale-kwale, yayin da ƙananan ɓangaren ganyen an fallasa kuma a hankali ana zanen su da launi na tagulla. Ganyen da abin ya shafa ana ganin su sosai a ƙarshen makonni na bazara da farkon - kaka. Lokacin da berries suka lalace, kayan kwalliya masu ƙarfi ba su bayyana a kansu, kuma suna samun warin olu.
Idan kamuwa da cuta mildew ya faru, to kuwa zasu fara duhu da faɗuwa daga lokacin ganye.
Itatuwa suna buƙatar cire harbe da abin ya shafa a cikin lokaci, kuma magani tare da fungicides na musamman ma ya wajaba, kuma ana aiwatar da shi a cikin matakai na haɓaka-kadaici na buds.
Hanyar yin gwagwarmaya da rigakafin - Bidiyo
Fungicides a cikin yaki da mildew powdery
Idan kun yi amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi don yaƙar mildew powder a cikin dacewar lokaci, da kuma kiyaye duk ka'idodi, to yana yiwuwa a kawar da wannan cutar.
Ana amfani da sinadarai kamar fungi don kashe cututtukan fungal a tsire-tsire.
Don magance powdery mildew, ana bada shawara don amfani da fungicides mai zuwa: Amma, Rayek, Tilit, Topsin, Fundazim, Bayleton, Quadris, Skor, Topaz, Tiovit Jet da Fundazol.
Koyaya, ya kamata mutum ya sani cewa a cikin yanayi akwai tseren jinsi wanda ya haifar da tsayayya da sunadarai. Dangane da wannan, kawar da halittun da zasu iya jure wannan cuta aiki ne mai mahimmanci.
Amfani da biofungicides
Ana amfani da wakilan kwayoyin halitta kamar su biofungicides don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtukan fungal. Sun ƙunshi al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta na rayuwa waɗanda zasu iya hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin fungi.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan magunguna amintattu ne daga mahangar muhalli, ana ba su damar amfani da su ba kawai lokacin furanni ba, har ma a lokacin girmin. Koyaya, basu da inganci fiye da fungicides, sabili da haka dole ne a kula da tsire-tsire sau da yawa.
Don haka, a cikin yaƙar wannan cuta, ana bada shawara don amfani da magungunan fungicides masu zuwa: Alirin-B, Pseudobacterin-2, Fitosporin-M, Gamair, da Planriz.
Folk girke-girke na sarrafawa na mildew powdery
Akwai magunguna masu inganci da yawa da za a iya amfani da su don magance wannan cuta:
- Kuna buƙatar narke 4 grams na sabulu da soda ash a cikin ruwa na ruwa. Sakamakon bayani dole ne a bi da shi (aka yayyafa shi) tare da tsire-tsire masu cutar kawai sau 2. Tsakanin waɗannan jiyya yana da mahimmanci don kula da tazara na mako guda.
- A cikin lita na ruwa mai tafasasshen ruwa, zuba ½ ɓangaren gilashin itace ash. Wannan cakuda ya kamata a ba da shi na kwanaki 2. Sannan tsarma 4 g. sabulu a cikin karamin ruwa sannan a zuba a cikin maganin da aka samar. Sakamakon cakuda dole ne a yayyafa shi da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa sau biyu, tazara shine kwana 7. Idan shuka ya shafa sosai, to za a iya ƙara yawan jiyya.
- Wajibi ne a zuba mullein sabo (na uku na guga) tare da ruwa (lallai sanyi). Ya kamata a samar da ruwan magani na tsawon kwanaki 3, kuma a haɗa shi lokaci zuwa lokaci. Sa'an nan ruwa dole ne a tace tare da isasshen m zane da kuma gauraye da ruwa a gwargwado na 1:10. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa da maraice, ta haka zaku kare shuka daga kunar rana a jiki. Ga kowane magani kana buƙatar sabo jiko.
- Har ila yau, ruwan da aka goge yana nuna ingancin aiki. An yi shi ne daga ciyawar ciyawa daban-daban. Cika bokiti rabin tare da ciyawa waɗanda suke buƙatar zama ƙasa kafin su kuma zuba ruwan zafi (wanda guga ta cika). Ya kamata a cakuda cakuda na kwanaki da yawa, bayan wannan ana tace shi. Ana aiwatar da aiki da yamma.
- Hakanan ana amfani da yogurt (kefir) ko madara mai tsami wajen yaƙar mildew powdery. Kuna buƙatar ware magani kuma ku tsarma shi da ruwa (sanyi) a cikin rabo na 1:10. A sakamakon bayani da kuma gudanar da wani magani na shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa.
