Primrose vulgaris (Primula vulgaris), wanda kuma ake kira da primrose talakawa. Wannan tsiro na herbaceous yana da alaƙa da asalin tsaran jini. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya haɗuwa da shi a arewacin Afirka, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasancewar wannan tsiron ya zama sananne shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Don haka, har ma tsoffin Helenawa sun san shi kamar fure mai magani na Olympus (fure na gumakan 12). Ofayan ɗayan fure na farko na fure a bazara. A cikin mutane ana kiranta "maɓallan" ko "raguna." Don haka, Tsohon Norse saga yana cewa kyawawan furanni na wannan tsiro sune maɓallan allahn haihuwa da Freya, kuma yana tare da su cewa ta buɗe bazara. Jamusawa, sun yi imani da cewa waɗannan tsirrai sune mabuɗin aure. Wannan furen yana cikin abin sha na kauna na Celts da Gauls. A cewar tatsuniyar Danish, gimbiya elf ta juya ga wannan tsiron, wanda ya faru da son mai saukin kai. A lokaci guda, camfin tsohuwar Girkawa yana ba da labarin cewa saurayi Paralisos, wanda ya mutu saboda ƙauna, ya juya shi zuwa cikin kayan sarauta, yana baƙin cikin masifar, da alloli suke yi. Sabili da haka, primrose na iya warkar da duk cututtukan, har ma da inna, saboda a cikin magungunan mutane irin wannan fure kuma ana kiranta "ciyawar inna" saboda dalili. A Turai, an fara noma ta tun ƙarni na 16. Primrose yana jin daɗin soyayya sosai tsakanin Birtaniyya, saboda haka a Ingila akwai koke-koke na magoya bayan primrose auricula. Ya faru da sanannen ɗan tsohuwar 'yar tsanawa ya zama mai rauni, amma kuma sai ya ƙara samun ƙauna. A yau a Ingila kowace shekara ana shirya nune-nune na gargajiya, inda zaku iya yaba da waɗannan kyawawan furanni.
Siffofin primrose
Wannan nau’in halittar yana daya daga cikin masu yawa. A cewar bayanai daban-daban, ya haɗu da nau'ikan 400-550. Koyaya, a cikin daji kuma a yau ana iya haɗuwa da nau'ikan halittar da ba a bayyana su ba tukuna. Don haka, a cikin Turai akwai nau'ikan 33, a Arewacin Amurka akwai nau'ikan 2 kawai, kuma a cikin Java kawai 1, haka ma wasu nau'ikan da suka girma a Afirka da Kudancin Amurka, kuma ana iya samun nau'ikan 300 sama a Yammacin China, Asiya da Himalayas. Irin wannan shuka ya fi son girma cikin wurare tare da babban zafi, alal misali: a gefen kogunan tuddai, tare da rafuffuka, da ma cikin ciyayi.
A ƙarƙashin ƙasa, irin wannan fure yana ɓoye rhizome tare da asalinsu. Abun da ke ciki na basal Rossette ya haɗa da faranti mai sauƙi ko kuma nau'ikan faranti na kamfani mai kama da sikirin. Akwai duka ganye mai kauri da kuma petiolate. Kuna iya samun faranti biyu na fenti da kuma fata wadanda ke da yawan gaske kuma suna da launin toka-mai launin toka (da alama an ɗan shafe su da mayuka). Peduncles suna da tsawo kuma babu ganye a kansu. Furanni na iya zama ɗaya ko ɗaya, ko kuma zama ɓangare na inflorescences, wanda ke da mafi yawan nau'ikan, alal misali, mai sihiri, ƙyallen, laima mai siffa, pyramidal, matashin-kai, da ƙyalli-mai siffa. Siffar furanni mai narkewa ce kuma akwai ramin murfin lebur ko kuma lebur. 'Ya'yan itacen itace rauni, wanda ke da siffar ƙwallo ko silinda. Ana samun lambun prerose na shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara, kuma har ma da irin wannan fure na iya girma da yanayin cikin gida.
Girma ɗan kwando daga tsaba
Shuka tsaba
Tsaba rasa germination bayan dan kankanin lokaci, don haka kawai suna buƙatar a shuka shi nan da nan bayan girbi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da akwatunan da aka sanya a cikin ƙasa bude. A cikin taron cewa kuna da ƙwararrun tsaba kuma ba ku son ɗaukar kasada, ya kamata a shuka su a cikin kwanakin farko na watan Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, cika masu zane tare da cakuda turɓaya da ƙasa mai ganye, har da yashi (2: 1: 1). Ya kamata a rarraba tsaba a farfajiya ba a binne shi a cikin ƙasa ba, kawai dan kadan an matse shi. Tabbatar cewa babu wasu tsaba sama da 5 a kowace santimitaimita. Bayan wannan, yakamata a sanya akwatin a cikin jaka na polyethylene kuma a sanya a cikin injin daskarewa, inda ba zai zama mai dumin zafi digiri 10 ba. A wurin ya kamata su tsaya daga makonni uku zuwa hudu. Sannan ana sanya akwatunan kai tsaye a cikin fakitin akan windowsill, kar a manta don kare su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Tabbatar cewa ƙasa tana da danshi a koyaushe. Yankin da ya fi sauri zai yi toho a zazzabi na 16 zuwa 18. Amma yana da daraja la'akari da cewa ba duk nau'in tsire-tsire irin waɗannan za su buƙaci daskarewa ba. Don haka, ingattaccen yatsan gashi da na yau da kullun basa buƙatar wannan saɓin. Karo na farko yawanci ba sa bayyana ba da daɗewa ba. Bayan wannan ya faru, ya zama dole a hankali a buɗe sacet ɗin, a sakamakon, tsirrai za su zama cikin hankali a hankali. Bayan rabin wata, ana iya cire tsari don kyau.
'Yayan itace
Seedlings ne jinkirin girma. Lokacin da ainihin 2 ko 3 na gaske suka girma, zanen gado yana buƙatar ɗauka a cikin wani akwati, ta amfani da hancin don wannan. Don primrose, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da kulawa, daɗaɗa ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar taras ɗin yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, seedlings ba zai kasance a shirye don dasawa cikin ƙasa bude ba kawai shekaru biyu bayan fitowar.
Dasa fure-fure a cikin filin bude
Wani lokaci ne mafi kyawun shuka
A cikin ƙasa na fure na fure, ya kamata a shuka perennial a cikin bazara ko kaka kuma dole ne ya kasance a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwarsu. A cikin bazara, ya fi dacewa yin wannan a cikin kwanakin Mayu na ƙarshe. Don irin wannan shuka, ana bada shawara don zaɓar wurin da bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi za su ɓoye su, alhali bai kamata wani hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Don nau'in Alpine kawai a yankuna na arewacin shine an bada shawarar zaɓar rukunin wuri. Asan da ta dace ya kamata ta kasance mai kwance kuma ta zama mai haske, ɗumi mai danshi kuma an kwashe shi sosai (ruwa a cikin ƙasa bai kamata a riƙe shi na dogon lokaci ba). Za a iya girma a cikin yumbu lãka. Idan yumɓu masu yumbu suna da nauyi sosai, to wannan ana iya gyara ta ƙara aar kilo biyu na taki, guga daga yashi, sphagnum da vermiculite (gwargwadon ta 1 murabba'in mita na ƙasa).
Yadda ake dasa shuki
Tsakanin bushes ya kamata a bar daga 20 zuwa 30 santimita (don manyan nau'in) kuma daga kusan 10 zuwa 15 santimita (don karamin nau'in) na sarari. Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan tsire-tsire ba sa son sarari. A wannan batun, dasa dole ne a yi domin yayin da suke girma su zama rufe. Shuka da aka shuka daga tsaba ta fara yin fure ne kawai shekaru 2 ko 3 bayan fitowar su.
Kulawar primrose na waje
Yadda ake girma
Mafi sau da yawa, babu matsaloli cikin kula da dasa shukar da aka dasa. Amma ta yaya za a magance su a wannan lokacin? Ya kamata a ɗanɗaɗa ƙasa a hankali kuma a kwance ta kowane lokaci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kana buƙatar shayar da ruwa sau ɗaya kowace kwana 7, bayan haka an kwance ƙasa kuma, idan ya cancanta, sako. Idan an kafa yanayin bushewa da zafi, to ya kamata a shirya ruwa sau 2 a mako. Kimanin nisan mita 1 ana zuba ruwa 3 na ruwa. Idan kuna da fure mai fure, to kuna buƙatar ciyar dashi sosai sau da yawa, ko kuma, sau ɗaya a mako. A wannan yanayin, ciyar ya kamata ya fara lokacin da ganye suka bayyana, kuma gama - a ƙarshen fure. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin takaddun takaddun ma'adinai, yayin da ake amfani da sashi sau 2 ƙasa da abin da aka nuna akan kunshin. Amma dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa idan da yawaitar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, to a shekara mai zuwa primrose ɗin ba zai yi fure ba, amma zai sami ɗanɗano mai yawa. Don guje wa wannan, ya zama dole a gabatar da takin potash da phosphorus bi da bi.
Yadda ake dasawa
Irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar dasa shi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 4-5, yayin da a lokaci guda ya zama dole don raba daji. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa primrose yana girma da yawa.
Sake bugun pamrose
Irin wannan shuka ana iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, ganyayen ganye da kuma rarraba daji. Ana aiwatar da aikin dasawa tsawon shekaru 4-5 na rayuwa a ƙarshen bazara ko a makon farko ko na biyu na Satumba. Don yin wannan, dole ne a shayar da daji sosai sosai kuma a haƙa shi. Daga tsarin tushen kana buƙatar cire dukkan ƙasa, sannan kuma wanke shi a cikin akwati na ruwa. A cikin rhizomes, an yanke rhizome tare da wuka mai kaifi sosai, tare da kowannensu dole ne ya sami maki 1 na sabuntawa. Bayan wannan wurin yankan, ya zama dole a aiwatar tare da ash itace sannan kuma nan da nan shuka daji da aka raba a sabon wuri mai dindindin. Sannan dole ne a shayar da shuka sosai. Ta haka ne, zaku iya sabuntar da tsirin, kuma ku sami kayan dasa abubuwa masu inganci.
A cikin yanayin yayin da daji yana da rauni a tushen tsarin ko kuma akwai rosette 1 kawai, ana amfani da fiɗa axillary don haifuwa. Don yin wannan, raba ganye tare da koda, petiole, da kuma ɓangare na tushe. Ganyen yana gajarta sashin and kuma an dasa shi cikin cakuda ƙasa. Bayan wannan, an sake shirya matashin a wani wuri mai cike da hasken, yana jujjuya shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Matsakaicin zafin jiki daga digiri 16 zuwa 18 ne, yayin da yakamata a sami danshi a kodayaushe. Ana yin juji ne kawai bayan mai tushe tare da ganye 3-4 na girma daga kodan, yayin da akwati ya kamata ya sami diamita 7 zuwa 9 santimita. A cikin bazara, an dasa shi cikin ƙasa bude.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, irin wannan fure na iya samun jaundice, tsatsa, mildew powdery, harbe mai juyi da ƙuƙwalwar tushe, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, anthracnose, ƙwayar mosaic kokwamba. Da zaran kun gano cewa ganyen ganye na jigon fara farawa, dole ne a lalata su. Aphids, weevils, slugs, nematodes, gizo-gizo mites, beetles da fleas kuma zasu iya tsayawa akan bushes. A cikin bazara, don dalilai na rigakafi, wajibi ne don bi da bushes tare da maganin Topsin (2%) ko Fundazole (2%), chloroxide jan karfe (1%) ko ruwa na Bordeaux (1%). A cikin kaka, ya zama dole don aiwatar da magani tare da maganin Nitrafen (1%). Mai zurfi, gami da ƙwayoyin gwari suna buƙatar buƙatar da hannu. Actellik zai taimaka wajen jimre da itacen oak, da Ragor - tare da nematodes.
Perennial primrose bayan fure
Lokacin kaka
Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a kusa da bushes, yayin cire duk ciyawa mai ciyawa kuma kada ku rikitar da shuka har sai lokacin hunturu, tun a wannan lokacin fararen ganye na ganye girma a kai. Ka tuna cewa kana buƙatar adana rosette wanda ya ƙunshi ganye har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, saboda zai zama tushen tsarin tsari na halitta. A cikin yanayin yayin da za a gudanar da yankan ganye a cikin kaka, wannan zai cutar da ƙarin ci gaba na shuka. Don haka, zai zama ƙarami, fure ba zai zama mai girma ba, kuma daji zai rasa tsohuwar bayyanar su. An cire ganyen bara a lokacin bazara.
Cin nasara
Idan lokacin hunturu ya bushe sosai, to, dole ne a rufe busheshen fure na ciyawa, busassun ganye ko rassan spruce. Ya kamata murfin murfin ya kasance ba zurfin ciki fiye da santimita 7-10. Wasu nau'in basa buƙatar ɓoyewa, alal misali, primrose Julia. Idan lokacin hunturu ya zama dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana daɗaɗa dumi, to za a iya tsallake tsari na primroses. A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fara narkewa, kalli cewa ɓawon burodi na kankara ba ya kafa sama da bushes (dole ne a lalata shi), saboda wannan na iya sa fure ta fara waka.
Babban nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan primrose tare da hoto
Akwai nau'ikan fure iri iri a cikin yanayi, sabili da haka sun kasu kashi 30. A lokaci guda, adadin jinsuna da isasshen irin wannan fure ana kuma shuka su. Da ke ƙasa akwai bayanin nau'ikan shahararrun nau'ikan iri da iri tsakanin lambu.
Primrose stemless, ko talakawa (Primula vulgaris)
Gida na Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai. Ya gwammace yayi girma a gefuna na daji, a cikin makiyaya mai tsayi kusa da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Shortan gajeren rhizome yana da tushen lokacin farin ciki mai kama da igiya. Tsawon ganyen lanceolate yakai santimita 25, kuma faɗin shine santimita 6. Sun sami damar raba kadan a lokacin hunturu. Tsawon gajeren zango ya bambanta daga santimita 6 zuwa 20, suna ɗaukar furanni guda ɗaya, ana fentin cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko fari tare da furen launin shuɗi. Petals suna da fadi kuma sun kasu kashi biyu lobes. A lokacin furanni, daji yana da alaƙa da kyakkyawa da bouquet. Farkon lokacin fure a watan Maris. A wasu halaye, ana maimaita fure a watan Satumba. Nuna tun karni na 16.
Iri daban-daban:
- Virginia - fararen furanni suna da launin rawaya mai haske;
- Giga farin - fararen furanni;
- Cerulea - mai baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi kadan.
Primrose high (Primula elatior)
Gida na Carpathians, kudanci da arewacin na Yammacin Turai. Wannan tsire-tsire na perennial yana da farantin ganye na ganye tare da kyakkyawan-toothed gefen. Tsawonsu ya kai kimanin santimita 5-20, kuma faɗin faɗin santimita 2-7 ne. Bã su da kaifi kunkuntar zuwa petiole. A gaban su gaban jijiyoyin suna tawayar, kuma a gefen da ba daidai ba suna convex. Inflorescences a cikin hanyar laima yana kunshe da furanni 515 masu ƙanshi tare da diamita mai santimita biyu da fenti a cikin launin rawaya mai kodadadden fata, yayin da a gindin furannin akwai wadatattun launuka masu launin shuɗi. Tsawon dan karatuttukan dan kadan yakai santimita 10-35. Fulawa ya fara a cikin watan Afrilu kuma yana daga kwanaki 50 zuwa 60. Akwai hybrids tare da manyan furanni, fentin fararen, ja, lilac, cream, rawaya. Za su iya zama launi iri ɗaya, kuma suna da peephole ko kan iyaka.
Iri:
- Duplex - diamita na ceri furanni shine 25 milimita, yayin da pharynx mai duhu rawaya;
- Rosea - furanni masu ruwan hoda masu duhu suna da ido mai rawaya;
- Gelle Farben - diamita na furanni masu launin shuɗi 35 milimita, pharynx - rawaya;
- Goldgrand - diamita na fure mai launin ruwan kasa shine milimita 25, yayin da akwai rawaya mai launin shuɗi da iyaka na launin zinare.
Akwai rukuni na tsire-tsire na matasan da aka kirkiro akan tushen tsirrai na primrose. Peduncles suna da tsawo sosai, furanni kuma manya ne. Cikakke don yankan. Wadannan sun hada da Curiosity brownish yellow, kazalika da Golden Dream tare da manyan rawaya furanni da Olga Menden tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi.
Primula Siebold (Primula sieboldii)
An lura da ruwa a watan Yuni. Fure za a iya fentin furanni a launuka daban-daban na ruwan hoda ko shunayya. Suna ɗayan inflorescences kwance a cikin hanyar laima. Lokacin da daji ya bushe, ganye ya mutu a cikin wannan ephemeroid.
Koma bayan bazara (Primia veris)
Ana kuma kiranta magani. Kasashen Turai Turai. Tsawon faranti mara amfani wanda aka shafe shi shine santimita 20, kuma fadin shi shine santimita 6. Veins suna bacin rai akan mummunan rauni, da kuma convex akan kwalekwalen din din din. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi suna da tabo mai zaki a gindin furannin. Ana iya fentin nau'in lambun a launuka iri-iri. Za'a iya fentin Terry ko furanni masu sauƙi a launuka 1 ko 2. Furen yana da yawa daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni.
Hakanan shahararrun su ne nau'ikan irin su: Bis, kunne, dusar ƙanƙara, Voronova, Komarova, kyakkyawa, yatsa, Heller, ƙarami, Julia, Ruprecht da sauransu.
Kayan Primrose
A kowane yanki na shuka, akwai babban adadin ƙwayoyin gishiri mai yawa na manganese. Akwai bitamin da yawa a cikin sassan da ke saman ƙasa, kuma rhizome ya ƙunshi mayuka masu mahimmanci, saponins da glycosides. Ana shirya jita-jita iri-iri (miyar, sala, da sauransu) daga ganye. Yana da amfani a ci su a cikin bazara, tunda ganyayyaki sun ƙunshi ascorbic acid da carotene. Daga ganyayyaki da aka bushe da tushen sa foda. A shuka yana da wani expectorant sakamako a cikin cututtuka na numfashi fili. Daga ganye sanya decoction, kuma daga tushen - jiko. Primrose tare da rheumatism yana da sakamako na analgesic. A cikin cututtuka na kodan da mafitsara, ana amfani dashi azaman diuretic. Wani jiko da aka yi daga ganye ana amfani dashi don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, neurosis, colds, ciwon kai, damuwa. Jiko daga cikin tushen sami damar warware basur na waje.Ba za ku iya amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗen don haƙurin mutum don cin gashin kansa ba, kuma kuna buƙatar ku mai da hankali sosai ga mata masu juna biyu a farkon watanni uku.
