A yau, masu lambu suna da damar ɗan ƙaramin nau'in plums da sauran fruitsan fruitsan dutse. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa masu maginan gida suna da sha'awar Plum Peach, kwatankwacin ire-ire, hoto na tsiro da fruitsa fruitsan itaciya, da kuma kayan aikin namo.
Da farko dai, wannan nau'in girmar kayan ado na gida yana jawo hankalin mutane tare da manyan 'ya'yan itaciyar ruwan zuma tare da haske mai launin ja-ruwan hoda mai haske. Bayyanar asali ba kawai ya ƙaddara sunan iri-iri ba, har ma ya haifar da rashin fahimta. Dayawa sun yi imani da cewa shuka shine wani yanki na peach da plum.
Fruita Stonean itace da kyau suna ba da kansa ga mahimmin jujjuyawar ƙwayar cuta, yana ba da fruita bearingan masu haifar da bearinga offspringan tare da ɗaya ko kuma halayen iyayen. Koyaya, peach plum kawai yayi kama da 'yar kwalliya ta kudu, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da cikakken bayanin da hotunan shuka.
Peach Plum Daban-daban
Duk da kyakkyawar bayyanar, kyawawan halaye na kayan zaki da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau, ba za a iya danganta shuka ga sababbi ba. A karo na farko, an bayyana nau'in peach plum a shekarar 1830. Har ya zuwa yau, ba wurin da aka shuka farkon shuka ba, ba kuma abin da aka yi amfani da iri don kiwo ba. Babu shakka al'adun asalin Yammacin Turai ne kuma sama da ƙarni da suka gabata ana kiransu Red Nectarine ko nau'in Royal Rouge iri-iri.
Yanzu da kiwo ya ci gaba, wannan nau'in ba kasafai ake samun sa a tsiro ba. Koyaya, a cikin lokutan Soviet, an ba da shawarar iri-iri don namo a cikin yankuna na kudanci, wanda ya haɗa da jamhuriyar Transcaucasia da Arewacin Caucasus, Moldova, wani ɓangare na Ukraine, kazalika da Kuban da Stavropol Territory. A arewacin, saboda da low hunturu hardiness, da tsire-tsire froze, ba bada da ake so girbi.
Amincewa da dokokin dasa da kuma kula da plum, Peach ya kafa matsakaici ko bishiyoyi masu tsayi tare da kyakkyawan kambi mai tsayi na matsakaici. Seedlingsaukacin matasa, idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano, suna nuna ƙarancin girma, wanda ke rage ƙasa da shekaru 5-7. A wannan lokacin ne farkon kwai ya bayyana a kan rassan bouquet.
A farkon, bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya suna ba da albarkatu masu ɗorewa, amma a hankali alamun ana yaɗuwa da haɓaka. Yana dan shekara 15, wani tsiro mai fitar da wuri ya samar da nauyin kilo 50 wanda ya girme shi, kusan 'ya'yan itaciyar da ba ta fadi. Ya danganta da yankin da yanayin yanayi, ana girbe 'ya'yan itace daga rabin na biyu na Yuli zuwa shekaru goma na biyu na watan Agusta.
Kuna hukunta da hoton Peach plum, inji yana da manyan m ganye tare da m, kawai rarrabe tip. Farantin ganye, ba kamar peach, nectarine da apricot ba, kamar ɗan ƙaramin fure ne, kamar ƙaramin harbe na wannan shekara, da kuma shortan gajeren zanen petioles wanda ake gudanar da kwai. Ana lura da gefan takarda.
Dangane da bayanin iri-iri da hoton kwalayen Persikova, manyan 'ya'yan itacen nata masu zagaye ko kuma babu-oval-kadan ana danne su a saman. A matsakaita, nauyin nauyin plum guda ɗaya mai kauri mai kauri, wanda akan sa ɗambin inconspicuous, shine gram 45-50. Ko yaya, ba sabon abu bane ga yawan tayin ya kai giram 70 a cikin shekaru masu ɗumi kuma tare da isasshen abinci.
Launin plum ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Babban launi na fata wanda aka rufe da shi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Amma, idan 'ya'yan itacen sun isa sosai a rana, ana yin launin ruwan hoda mai haske-ja a gefenta, wanda zai iya rufe kusan dukkan farfajiya.
Ripened, shirye-da-abin ci plums suna da na roba, m ɓangaren litattafan almara na kyawawan yadadar zinare. Dutse karami ne, mara nauyi, mai sauki, wanda, a hade tare da dandano mai kyau, yayi maganar darajar iri-iri. Za'a iya samun nasarar amfani da kayan kamshi mai ɗanɗano da mugu biyu kuma sabo da kayan albarkatun ƙasa don yin ɗamara, jam, compotes da sauran kayayyakin abinci na dafuwa.
Sakamakon fata mai yawa da haɓakawa, plums na Peach iri-iri ana sauƙin hawa kuma ana adana su na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Iyakar abin da ya jawo asarar al'adu shine karancin lokacin hunturu, wanda baya bada izinin haɓaka iri-iri ba tare da haɗari ba koda a Tsakiyar Kasashen Duniya ta Black Black.
Plum Peach Michurin
Babu shakka, sanin game da roban kudu rosy da son samun ƙarin sanyi mai tsauri iri-iri, a cikin 1904 I. Michurin ya kafa game da ƙirƙirar iri ɗaya na zaɓin nasa. A matsayinka na mai tushe, masanin kimiyyar ya dauki farin katangar plum da aka kawo daga gonar Reshetnikov Samara. Lokacin da seedling fure, an pollinated tare da Amurka iri-iri Washington. Itatuwa, wanda ake kira Michurin's Peach Plum, ya fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace ne kawai a cikin 1921.
'Ya'yan itãcen wannan al'ada suna da siffar oval zagaye ko zagaye. A kan fata mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zaka iya lura:
- m seam;
- bluish waxy shafi, sauƙin share lokacin da plum fadi cikin hannu ko da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- wani kodadde mai lalacewa mai launin shuɗi, launin ƙasa mara ma'ana fiye da na irin nau'in Peach.
Yawan nauyin plums mai cutarwa shine 35-45 grams. A karkashin fata na bakin ciki ya ta'allaka ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ƙoshin mai tare da har zuwa 11% sukari da 'yan acid kaɗan, kyakkyawan dandano. M, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo ne don abinci, amma na iya zama ingattaccen albarkatun ƙasa don sarrafawa cikin jita-jita na abinci da kuma adana' ya'yan itace.
Idan aka kwatanta da congener na kudu, ƙwayar Michurinsky tana da ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa. Daga tsohuwar bishiyar tare da kambi mai yawa da tsayi har zuwa mita 3-4, zaku iya tattarawa har kilogiram 15 na 'ya'yan itaciyar zaki. A wannan yanayin, lokacin 'ya'yan itace yana farawa 1-2 bayan shekaru, kuma girbi baya cikin Yuli, amma a watan Agusta da farkon Satumba.
Duk da karancin rarar da ake da shi, Peach Michurina ya fi tsananin hunturu kuma yana iya bada 'ya'ya a cikin yankunan Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod da kuma kudu. A ɗan arewacin, misali, a cikin Tambov yankin, matasa harbe sau da yawa ba su girma da daskarewa fita, wanda ya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da tambayoyi da yiwuwa na girma iri.
Siffar dasawa da kuma kula da peach peach
Kamar kowane 'ya'yan itace na dutse, plums suna buƙatar kulawa mai dacewa, wanda zai fara da zaɓin wani wuri don dasa.
Don saurin bushewa da saurin ci gaba, sun sami hasken rana, ya mafaka daga makircin iska tare da ƙasa mai ƙyalli. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa shuka wanda yake da alaƙa da ban ruwa ba ya yarda da kusancin ruwan ƙasa.
Koyaya, babban koma bayan wannan fruita isan itace shine ƙarancin jure sanyi. Daga frosts, da farko, matasa seedlings wahala, wanda ya kamata a rufe domin hunturu. Yana da kyau idan itacen yana da kariya ta halitta daga iska, alal misali, bango na gini, shinge ko shinge. Hoto na peach peach da kuma bayanin ire-ire suna cewa an kafa kwai ne akan ƙananan rassan bouquet. Idan shuka ya yi kyau sosai, a cikin bazara zai yi murna da fure mai laushi.
Amma kar a jira girbin yalwatacce, idan ba ku kula ba a gaban dasa iri da za su iya gurbata waɗannan bishiyoyin. Zuwa pollinators na plums na iri-iri na Persikovaya, mutum na iya kirga ire-iren nau'ikan Renklod da Vengerki a lokaci guda tare da shi, da kuma Anna Shpet da Mirabel Nancy iri. Itace bishiyoyi su zama kusa, m zuwa ga ƙudan zuma dauke da pollen daga wannan shuka zuwa wani.
