A farkon bazara, a cikin lambu ko a gida, ɗayan fure na farko shine maganin calceolaria. Wannan karamin tsiro ne na ƙasashen Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka. Furanninta masu launuka iri-iri ne masu launin takalma kuma suna iya zama ja, farar fata, lemo ko rawaya. Kula da ƙwayar maganin ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi shine mai sauƙi, saboda haka masu girban fure suna farin cikin girma shuka a gida. Batu mai mahimmanci a wannan yanayin shine aiwatar da yaduwar fure, wanda ke buƙatar yarda da wasu ka'idodi.
Bayani da nau'ikan calceolaria tare da hotuna
Furen Calceolaria yana nufin perennials. Girma da fadin calceolaria na da daidai gwargwado na 20-30 cm. Ganyayyaki masu haske, ganyen da aka shuka ya kai 5-10 cm tsayi tsawon furanni .. Fuskokin da ba su dace ba 2.5-6 cm a girma sun ƙunshi lebe biyu Ofayansu ƙarami ne kuma kusan ba zai iya yiwuwa ba, ɗayan kuma babba ne, mai sihiri, an ɗauka. Har zuwa furanni hamsin na iya yin fure a kan shuka ɗaya kai tsaye. Calceolaria na yi wa mako uku zuwa biyar a watan Afrilu ko Mayu.
Calceolaria - nau'in
Wadannan nau'in tsire-tsire masu zuwa sun fi shahara:
Calceolaria purpurea wani tsiro ne mai tsiro wanda yake girma zuwa cm 50. An dasa tsiron tare da ganyayyaki basal scalloped tare da gefuna. An bambanta furanni ta hanyar leɓatun ƙananan lelongated da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.- Calceolaria na Mexico na iya girma daga 20-50 cm. Duk yana dogara da yanayin girma. Yana fure tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi, wanda girmansa shine kusan 5 cm.
- Calceolaria na wrinkled yayi girma zuwa mita da rabi a tsawo. Tana da ƙananan ganye da ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Kayan fure mai lalacewa suna kama da girgije mai rawaya.
- Calceolaria na matsakaici nau'in shuka a ƙarƙashin sunan wanda nau'ikan nau'ikan sifa ke haɗuwa. M sun bambanta kawai da launi na furanni. Mafi sau da yawa ana samun launin rawaya, ja da ruwan lemu mai haske. A kan furanni na iya samun fure-fure iri iri, shanyewar jiki, sakuna ko tsinkayen launi daban-daban. Mafi mashahuri matasan shine nau'in Dundee. Wannan kyakkyawan tsintsiyar tsintsiyar yana da kyau a ja.
Calceolaria purpurea wani tsiro ne mai tsiro wanda yake girma zuwa cm 50. An dasa tsiron tare da ganyayyaki basal scalloped tare da gefuna. An bambanta furanni ta hanyar leɓatun ƙananan lelongated da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.Kula da Calceolaria a gida
Lokacin girma shuka, mafi wuya shine samar da yanayi mai dacewa a gare shi. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa fure ba sa son bushe iska da zafi. A cikin yanayin daki, kusan kullun yana zafi a lokacin rani, kuma a cikin kayan sanyi na kayan sanyi suna bushe iska. Sabili da haka, lokacin kula da ƙwayar cutar sankara, dole ne a bi wasu ƙa'idodi.
Haske da zazzabi mai girma
An ba da shawarar shuka tsire a cikin wurin da ake da lit-lit. Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa hasken rana kai tsaye baya sauka akan sa. Ana iya sanya tukunyar filawa ta furanni a gefen arewa, yamma ko gabashin taga sills.
Zazzabi dakin ya kamata daga + 14С zuwa + 16С. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, ƙwayar calceolaria zata yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kwari da cutar za ta shafa. A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin ɗakin kada ya fi + 12C.
A lokacin rani, ana iya saka fure a loggia, baranda ko baranda. Dole ne a kiyaye wurin daga hasken rana kai tsaye da iska.
A cikin kaka da hunturu, shuka yana buƙatar samar da haske ta amfani da fitilun fitilun. A cikin bazara, lokacin da calceolaria ya fara fure, zai buƙaci ɗan shading kaɗan.
Jin zafi
A shuka Yana son babban zafi. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a fesa shi, tunda saukad da ruwa na iya lalata gefen laushi na ganyen.
Don ƙara zafi a kusa da fure, yana da kyau a sanya tukunya a kan falon tare da rigar da aka faɗaɗa daga yumbu, peat ko gansakuka. Wasu yan lambu suna sanya tukwane cikin tukunyar furanni, suna cike sararin samaniya a tsakiyan su da peat.
Watering da ciyar
A lokacin dormant, ana shayar da shuka kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, wato, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe. Da zaran an fara sabon harbi, da yawaitar yawaita ruwa. Musamman ma wajibi ne don saka idanu da danshi na kasar gona lokacin furanni. Ruwan saman da aka bushe yana nufin cewa shuka yana buƙatar a shayar da shi cikin gaggawa. Bayan fure, ruwa da shuka ƙasa sau da yawa. Wajibi ne a shayar da calceolaria tare da ruwan da yake zauna a zazzabi a daki.
Wani karamin shuka da aka dasa dashi cikin tukunya cikin sati biyu yana buƙatar a ciyar dashi da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana. Ana yin irin wannan sutura sau ɗaya a kowace ranakun goma kafin ƙarshen fure.
Kula Calceolaria bayan fure
Furen, har ma a gida, girma a matsayin shekara-shekara shuka. Domin daji ya Bloom na gaba shekara, dole ne a kiyaye shi:
Bayan fure, an yanke harbe kuma an tsabtace fure na shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu a cikin dakin sanyi mai duhu.- Wajibi ne a tabbatar cewa dunun dajin bai bushe ba.
- Tare da shigowar harbe-harbe matasa, ana saka tukunyar filawa a wuri mai cike da wuta.
Bayan fure, an yanke harbe kuma an tsabtace fure na shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu a cikin dakin sanyi mai duhu.Irin wannan shuka zai fara yin fure a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, wato, watanni biyu a baya fiye da girma na calceolaria daga tsaba. Kurmi zai shimfiɗa, kuma sakamako na kayan adonsa zai ɓace.
Halittar Calceolaria
Tsarin yana yaduwa ta hanyoyi biyu:
- tsaba;
- yanke.
Noma
Lokacin shuka tsaba a ɗakin yanayi ya dogara ne lokacin da kake son furen ya yi fure. Don fure fure, ya kamata a yi a watan Yuni, kuma don kaka - a watan Maris.
Don shuka tsaba kuna buƙata shirya peaty ƙasagauraye da yashi (7: 1). Koyaya, calceolaria baya son peat acid, saboda haka ana bada shawara don ƙara alli a ciki. An kara kusan gram na alli a kowace kilogram na peat. A sakamakon kasar gona dole ne a da calcined kafin amfani.
Abubuwan Calceolaria sunyi ƙanana, saboda haka kawai suna warwatse a saman ƙasa. Yayyafa su ba tare da komai ba. An bada shawara a saka takarda takarda a saman, shafa shi a kai a kai. Amfanin gona yana buƙatar ajiye shi a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi tare da zazzabi ba ƙasa da + 18C.
Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, 'ya'yan fari na farko ya kamata ya bayyana. Ya kamata a shayar dasu tsakanin layuka, a hankali a zuba ruwa a rafi na bakin ciki. Da zaran ganye guda biyu na gaske suka bayyana akan shukar, lallai ne a daukesu. Don haka harbe su yi tushe sosai, ana iya rufe su da polyethylene ko gilashi. Dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire na kowace rana, musamman bayan tattarawar iskar kan gilashin. Peat koyaushe ya kasance rigar.
Bayan watanni biyu, an sake ɗaukar hoto na biyu a cikin tukwane tare da diamita na 9-11 cm. Nan da nan bayan an dasa shi, sai aka dasa shuka. Guda biyu zuwa uku kawai ganye ya kamata ya kasance akan daji. Bayan ɗan lokaci, harbe harbe zai fara bayyana.
An riga an dasa tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi zuwa cikin tukwane na fure. Soilasa don wannan dole ne ta zama mai nauyi kuma mafi wadataccen abinci. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar dafa:
- sod - 2 sassa;
- humus - sassa 2;
- peat - 2 sassa;
- yashi - 1 sashi.
Calceolaria zai yi fure, a ƙarƙashin duk dokokin da suka girma, bayan watanni 8-10 daga lokacin shuka iri.
Yankan
An yanke yankan bayan fure zaka iya kokarin dasawa. Mafi kyawun watanni na yankan shine Fabrairu, Maris da Agusta. Ieaya daga cikin harbe an tsoma shi a cikin foda na musamman don tushen, kuma an dasa shi a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki. A karo na farko, ana ba da shawarar su rufe saman tare da jakar filastik ko kuma gilashin gilashi. A cikin sabon wuri, yan itace zasu ɗauki tushe na kimanin watanni biyu. Domin daji na calceolaria ya zama ingantacce, an dasa dabinai da yawa a cikin tukunya guda.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Calceolaria na da kyau sosai, saboda haka a cikin yanayi, musamman tare da kulawa mara kyau, ƙila za a iya shafar kwari da cututtuka.
Mafi sau da yawa, inji yana rinjayar whiteflies da aphids. Idan har yanzu akwai sauran pestsan kwari, to zaka iya ƙoƙarin tattara su da hannu kuma ka hallaka su. In ba haka ba, daji zai buƙaci a kula da shi da wasu ƙwayoyi na musamman.- Rotrey rot yana da haɗari sosai ga shuka. Wannan cuta na faruwa ne sakamakon tsawan waterlogging na kasar gona a yanayin zafi mara kyau ko kuma yawan taro a cikin takin zamani na nitrogen. Ya kamata a cire wuraren da cutar ta shafa nan da nan, kuma shuka da kanta ya kamata a fesa tare da cuprascat, topaz, oxychoma ko ruwa na Bordeaux. Shirye-shirye don lura da launin toka ya kamata ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe.
Mafi sau da yawa, inji yana rinjayar whiteflies da aphids. Idan har yanzu akwai sauran pestsan kwari, to zaka iya ƙoƙarin tattara su da hannu kuma ka hallaka su. In ba haka ba, daji zai buƙaci a kula da shi da wasu ƙwayoyi na musamman.Calceolaria tana mayar da martani ga rashin bin ka'idojin girma da dokoki don kulawa da launin rawaya ko furen ciyayi, fadowa daga cikisaurin tsufa ko ma mutuwar daji.
Duk da wahalar girma calceolaria, kayan kwalliyarta da kyawawan furanni tare da furanni masu ban mamaki suna sanya fure mai karɓar baƙi duka tafin window da kuma shirye-shiryen sirri.
