Dahlias a cikin lambu - bayanin, rarrabuwa, amfani

Dahlias, ɗayan shahararrun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ba a ɗaukar su a cikin lafazin su na lokacinsu. Farawa daga rabi na biyu na bazara, an kawata kawunan sarakunsu da gadajen fure da rabatki. Dahlias ya rigaya ya gano hargitsin kaka na launuka da canje-canje a yanayi. Matsalar dasa, kiwo, tono da adanawa ba ta rage yawan shaharawar dahlias ba. Abubuwa masu ban mamaki iri-iri, masu girma dabam da launuka na dahlias na marmari sosai haɓaka yiwuwar amfaninsu a ƙirar duka ƙanana da manyan lambuna.

Dahlias a cikin lambu - bayanin, rarrabuwa, amfani.

Bayanin Jannar Dahlias

Sunan Botanical don dahlias shine Dahlia (Dahlia) - ba mu amfani da shi, amma har ma a ciki akwai wani kyakkyawa mai ban mamaki da alaƙar sanin gaskiya wanda ya bambanta wannan shuka daga sauran amfanin gona. An samo wannan sunan ne dahlias saboda girmamawa ga ɗalibin almara K. Linnaeus, masanin kimiyyar ƙasar Finland A. Dahl. Sunan cikin gida, duk da almara da yawa game da shahararrun umarni, inji da aka karɓa don girmamawa ga wani wakilin mashahurin masanin ilimin dabbobi - I. Georgi. Dahlias ɓangare ne na dangin Compositae.

A duk faɗin duniya, ana daukar dahlias na musamman kuma tsire-tsire ne da ba dole ba. A cikin Yammacin Turai, musamman a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi a Amurka, sun zama alama ta ƙarshen bazara: Ana sa ran Agusta da maraba kamar lokacin bazara. A Gabas, dahlias kusan tsire-tsire ne na almara. Ba don komai ba da cewa dahlias ya zama alama ce ta sarkin Japan kuma ɗayan fure mai mahimmanci a cikin al'adun gargajiyar kasar Sin. Yana yiwuwa a lissafin tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, da kuma taken Dahlia ba iyaka: wannan itaciya tana kan jerin “litattafan zinare” na ƙarni da yawa, kodayake har yanzu ba za a iya kwatanta tarihin bunƙasarsa da peonies ba.

Dahlias suna cikin ajin matsanancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Waɗannan dogayen tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi ne, masu ƙarfi, furanni. Tushen dah ana yawanci ana kiransu rootlets - tuber-like thickened, fleshy, m, quite aras, sun bambanta a cikin tsari daga tushen wasu tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi kuma ana samun saukin gane su ga wasu al'adu.

Tsire-tsire suna samar da madaidaiciya, mai ƙarfi, mai tushe mai faɗi, tsayin daka wanda ya dogara da halaye iri-iri da jeri daga matsakaici 15 cm zuwa sama da 2.5. Shoobe suna da laushi biyu kuma mai santsi, waɗanda aka sa su sosai, suna samar da daji mai dausayi. M sassan dahlias na mutuwa kowace shekara.

Dahlia ganyayyaki suna da kyau sosai, amma koyaushe akasin haka, a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Ba su da daɗewa gabaɗaya, galibi suna da manyan ganye sau uku- ko sau biyu-cirus tare da tsawon 10-14 zuwa 30-40 cm -arancin babban yatsun hannu shine halayyar yawancin ire-ire. Ganyewar ganye a ganye daban daban daban, kamar yadda inuwar launinsu take. Ana samun launin ciyawar duhu mai duhu na ganyen ganye dahlias koyaushe a matsayin matsakaici kore tabarau; A wasu nau'ikan ganyayyaki suna haske da haske, a wasu kuma sun kusa yin sumammiya ko fure. Akwai dahlias waɗanda ke fahariya da launuka masu launin shuɗi.

Dukkanin tabarau da aka gabatar a cikin launi nah za a iya la'akari da kaka.

Flowering Dahlia

Ta hanyar tsarin inflorescences, an zabi dahlias a matsayin kwanduna na yau da kullun, amma siffar su a mafi yawan lokuta ba ta yi kama da matsayin “daisy” ba. Inflorescences suna kewaye da kyawawan kyawawan launuka masu yawa, masu shimfidar murfi tare da ganye mai launin kore lanceolate waɗanda aka sanya a gindi. Furanni na tsakiya na duk dahlias na daji suna da huɗa, kuma gefe mai gefe ne; a cikin nau'in lambun, sashi ko duk furannin tubular ana canza su zuwa furanni Reed, wanda ke ba su damar duba ƙarin terry.

Amma irin wannan bayanin dukkan nau'ikan furannin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba za'a iya rufe su ba. Reed dahlia furanni na iya ɗaukar fannoni daban-daban, ban da banbance banbanci a girma da launi, wanda ke samar da dumbin launuka masu sauƙin launuka masu yawa, na biyu-biyu da na terry inflorescences - daga kansila zuwa ƙwallo na ƙwallon ƙafa, pompons, peonies, asters, asters, anemones har ma da cactus furanni.

Paleti mai launi na furanni tubular yana iyakance ga gamut-mai launin shuɗi-ja-launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya zana filayen Reed a launuka iri-iri - daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda, lilac, ja, shuɗi, Lilac zuwa mafi wuya da launuka masu dumin launuka masu launin shuɗi.

Dukkanin tabarau da aka gabatar a cikin launi nah za a iya la'akari da kaka. Yana cikin su zaku iya samun ingantattun kalaman ƙwallan ƙwallo da cherries, beetroot da burgundy, Scarlet da crimson-wuta, zinari da rawaya mai haske, bulo da ocher, kuma, ba shakka, duk inuwar lilac - daga lavender zuwa lilac-pink. Bambancin launuka masu launi na ruwa, masu banbanci, haɗuwa biyu-biyu kawai suna ƙara wadatar arziki zuwa paletin launi na wannan tsiron mai ban mamaki.

Da ƙima dahlias da wuya yabo. Musamman, danshi da damuna, ba a cikin kowane iri ne. M da yaji, ƙanshi mai dahlia yafi jin dadi a cikin bouquets fiye da gonar.

Bayan fure, an ɗaure 'ya'yan itace. Sun ɓoye har zuwa tsaba 140, suna da kyau a cikin manyan dahlias a gonar, amma yawanci a cikin yankuna tare da matsanancin winters ba shi yiwuwa a jira tsaba su yi fure saboda tono waɗannan tsirrai.

Single-jere Dahlia (Zunubi, Single-flowered dahlias). ©
Rosemarie crisafi

Dnelia (neanmone, Dnelia).

Haɗin nau'ikan dahlias (Col, Colltete dahlias).

Tsarin Dahlia

Duk da cewa a cikin dangi Dahlia (Dahlia) asirce sama da nau'in tsirrai arba'in, a al'adun lambun, ba a amfani da nisawar jinsi. Shuke-shuke da za a iya samu a yanayi a cikin duwatsun Amurka ta Tsakiya suna nesa da nesa daga ɗabban tarihin lambuna da muka saba dasu.

A cikin al'adun gargajiya amfani kawai matasan, ware a cikin wani daban tsari - m Dahlia, ko al'adun gargajiya (sunayen 'yan varietal dahlias yanzu suna alakanta su da sunan almara, lokaci-lokaci - Hadin Dahlia ko Dahlia Dahlia Cultivars, dukda cewa a wasu kundin adireshi a karkashin sunan botanical zaka iya nemo lokaci Dahlia variabilis, Dahlia hidimum, Dahlia x dodonim, Dahlia x katsum).

Babban rarrabuwa tsakanin duniya na dahlias abu ne mai sauki, sabanin zabi na tsirrai, adadin nau'ikan da suka dade sun wuce dubu 15. Yana la'akari da manyan halaye na fure - tsarin inflorescence, ko kuma siffar fure fure da kuma ƙimar inflorescences terry.

Dangane da rarrabuwa tsakanin kasa da kasa, an bambanta kungiyoyi 14 na Dahlia:

1. Single Row Dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Zunubi, Single-flowered dahlias) - nau'ikan matsakaici tare da sauki inflorescences, a cikin abin da aka shirya furannin itace a cikin layi ɗaya ko biyu tare da kewayen waje, kuma duka cibiyar da kwandon furanni ne ke mamaye su.
2. Wani ɗan Dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Anem, Anemone-flowered dahlias) - dahlias Semi-biyu, inflorescences wanda a siffar yayi kama da anemones. Oraya daga cikin layuka biyu ko manyan furanni furanni mai ratsa jiki suna kewaye da tsakiyar itacen da ke cike da furanni tubular da ke tsakiyar.
3. Kwala Dahlia (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Col, Mai aiki dahlias) - nau'ikan furanni biyu na furanni Reed, wanda ya ƙunshi babban fure na fure mai faffadar ciki da kunkuntar, dabam dabam a launi ko kuma murhun da'ira na da'irar ciki, da alama tana rufe tsakiyar furanni tubular.
4. Nymphaea noma (ƙirar kasa da kasa - WL, Waterlily dahlia) - nau'in nau'in terry dah, nau'in fure wanda yayi kama da lotuses ko lilin na ruwa saboda m, partially concave, located in dabam rufe da'irori petals.
5. Na ado dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - D, kayan ado dahlias) - duk nau'ikan da yawa, shirya wuraren da'ira, nuna, lanƙwasa ko concave, petals a cikin ɗakin kwana ko kusan ɗakin kwana.
6. Spherical iri (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Ba, Ball dahlias) - iri tare da kusan cikakke sifofin mara lafiyan ko hemispherical inflorescences, kafa da yawa, nada shi a cikin ƙananan sashin cikin bututu, zagaye da furanni Reed. Girman diamita na inflorescences ya kai 20 cm.
7. Pompom dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Pom, pompon dahlias) - ƙananan-flowered, har zuwa 7 cm a diamita, inflorescences ana rarrabe ta da kyakkyawar sifar mara lafiyan, tsarin mai ɗaukar hoto na ɗimbin furanni masu ɗora a ƙarshen zuwa cikin bututu.
8. Cactus dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - C, Cactus dahlias) - nau'in tare da itace mai laushi a cikin bututu rabin ko fiye da tsayi; A cikin rarrabuwa gida daban daban kai tsaye murtsunguwatare da cikakken tsawon folded furanni na iri-iri kuma Chrysanthemum Cactus iri-iri tare da mai lankwasa, curving arcs petals.
9. Semi-Cactus Cultivars (ƙirar kasa da kasa - S-c, Semi cactus dahlias) - ya bambanta daga murtsunguwa a gaban ƙananan dan ƙarami a cikin bututu a gefuna (ba su fi rabin tsawon tsayi ba) na filastik mai ruwa.
10. Cakuda (mara iyaka) nau'in Dahlia (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Misc, Dabanin dahlias) - nau'ikan da ba za'a iya tantancewa da halaye a cikin kowane rukuni na Dahlia ba.
11. Ringungiyoyi iri-iri na Fringed (ƙirar kasa da kasa - Fim, Fimbriated dahlias) - nau'ikan tare da gefuna na reed petals ya rabu cikin hakora, saboda abin da yasa aka kirkiro da ingantaccen ƙyallen ko yadin da aka saka.
12. Tauraruwa ko nau'in ƙwayar orchid mai ƙarfi (ƙirar kasa da kasa - SinO, Single Orchid (Star) dahlias) - dahlias mai sau sau sau biyu tare da jeri na fure mai itace, a hankali ana rarraba su kuma a gefe guda.
13. Double ko Terry Orchid Dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - DblO, Double Orchid dahlias) - terry iri na orchid dahlias, wanda a ƙarƙashin murguɗaɗɗun waje ko cikin kunkuntar fure-lanceolate furannin tsakiyar ba bayyane suke ba.
14. Peony Dahlias (ƙirar kasa da kasa - P, Peony-flowered dahlias) - kyawawan manya da manyan launuka biyu, wanda furanni ya kunshi 3 zuwa 4 layuka na katako mai girma a kusa da faifan furannin furanni. A inflorescences ne lebur, m.

Ana kiran sunan rukuni mafi yawa tare da sunan iri-iri. A cikin kundin bayananmu na Yamma da na Yammacin Turai, irin wannan alamar yana sa ya sauƙaƙe bincika halayen nau'ikan.

Karatun cikin gida cikin sauki. Sun rarraba dahlias cikin ko dai aji 12 ko rukuni 10, ban da nau'ikan fure da orchid daga rarrabuwa tare da haɗa ƙungiyoyi gaba ɗaya. Yin amfani da rarrabuwa na hukuma yana da sauƙi.

Wani lokaci, a waje da rarrabuwa na hukuma, an ɗauki ƙarin rukunin biyu na dahlias - tsakiya (minion, ko dwarf dahlias) da shekara-shekara, ko shuka dahlias. Sun bambanta da fasaha na aikin gona da makamantansu. Annual dahlias an girma daga zuriya, sune sarakuna na lafazin yanayi na zamani, ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin shimfidar wurare na birni kuma, idan ya cancanta, haifar da launuka masu haske, watsi da tarin haɗuwa da hadaddun kulawa. Abubuwan da suke buƙata ne a cikin hanyar su. Liliputs sune nau'in Dahlia da aka haɓaka musamman don girma a cikin tukunya da siffofin ganga. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan har zuwa 30 cm a tsayi tare da launuka iri-iri da ƙaramar inflorescences tare da diamita har zuwa 2.5 cm.

Nymphaea iri-iri na dahlias (WL, Waterlily dahlia).

Dahlia na ado (D, Dahlias na ado).

Spherical sa dahlia (Ba, Ball dahlias). ©
Tony hoto na gaba daya

Sauran litattafan Dahlia

Don sauƙaƙe zaɓi, dahlias kuma an rarrabu gwargwadon wasu sharuɗɗa, samar da ƙarin rarrabuwa:

1. Ta hanyar tsiron tsirrai:

• dwarf (har zuwa 60 cm);
• low (daga 60 zuwa 80 cm);
• sikelin-matsakaici (daga 80 cm zuwa cm 120);
• babba (daga 1 m zuwa 1.5 m);
• giant (daga 1.5 m tsawo).

2. Dangane da girman inflorescences

• ƙaramin - ƙasa da 10 cm a diamita;
• karami - daga 10 zuwa 15 cm a diamita;
• matsakaici - daga 15 zuwa 20 cm a diamita;
• babba - daga 20 zuwa 25 cm a diamita;
• giant - dahlias tare da inflorescences daga 25 cm a diamita.

3. Dangane da matsayin terry:

• mai sauki;
• Semi biyu
• terry

4. Ta tsarin launi:

• farin da cream dahlias;
• launin rawaya;
• nau'in orange;
• tagulla dahlias;
• nau'in launin lemo ko ruwan lemo;
• nau'in ja;
• nau'in ja mai duhu tare da inuwa mai ɗumi;
• nau'in ruwan hoda;
• rasberi ko duhu ruwan hoda dahlias;
• lilac-lilac dahlias;
• purplish-violet da burgundy dahlias (duhu tare da inuwa mai sanyi);
• mai launi iri-iri, tare da canzawar ruwa da ruwan da ba daidai ko launi kala;
• sautin biyu tare da nasihun banbanci;
• yi dabam dabam da aibobi da dige.

Pompom Dahlia (Pom, Pompon dahlias).

Cactus Dahlia (C, Cactus dahlias).

Double, ko Terry orchid dahlia (DblO, Double Orchid dahlias).

Amfani dahlias a cikin tsarin lambun

Ga duk ƙasashe masu tsananin sanyi, gami da tsakiyar layi, dahlias sune tsire-tsire na kanana na keɓewa. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ba sa hunturu kuma suna buƙatar tanadin shekara-shekara a bayan ƙasa. Amma wannan ba ya iyakance ikon yin amfani da su. Kyakkyawan nau'ikan dahlias suna ba ku damar shigar da su cikin kusan kowane abun da ke ciki.

Babu hani akan dogaro kan amfani da dahlias a gonar. Sun dace da salon kasar, soyayyar mutum, salo na yau da kullun, yanayin zamani har ma da na zamani. Akwai iyakancewa ɗaya kawai - buƙatar buƙatar yin lissafi a hankali game da tsarin launi na tarawo. Dahlias suna da kyau ba a cikin launuka masu launuka masu kaifi ba, amma a zaɓi na nau'ikan launuka masu jituwa.

Za'a iya amfani da Dahlias a matsayin ciyawar solo, a cikin rukunin mono, a kowane rukuni na tsire-tsire masu gauraye. Wannan shuka ana shuka shi hade tare da perennials da sauran lafazin na lokaci, an gabatar dashi cikin rukuni tare da bushes na ado da bishiyoyi kuma ana amfani da su cike wuraren da babu komai. Dahlias suma suna da mahimmanci azaman rikicewar wucin gadi a cikin sadarwa da gine-gine.

Dahlias sunyi kyau sosai a cikin masu haɗuwa iri-iri idan an sanya su azaman lafazin yanayi kuma an sanya su cikin wuraren da aka shirya don flyer da kayan amfanin gona. Amma har yanzu mafi sau da yawa ana dasa shuki a cikin rangwamen gargajiya, ƙungiyoyi, shirye-shiryen, baƙaƙe na kyauta. Keɓaɓɓen gado na Dahlia na fure ko tabo a kan keɓaɓɓe shine kayan lambu.

Za'a iya sanya manyan nau'ikan launuka masu launuka iri-iri a cikin bushes daban-daban. Amma yawancin sakamako masu ban sha'awa ana bayar da su ta hanyar haɗuwa da iri tare da Heights daban-daban, launuka, da kuma nau'in inflorescences. Don haɗawa tare dahlias, dole ne a kiyaye tsayayyen ranking daga ƙarami zuwa matsakaici zuwa manyan maki.

Varietiesarancin masu girma low-haɗe suna da alaƙa da dasa shuki, ƙanƙanin launuka masu launi kusa da hanyoyi ko kan kunkuntar ratsi na ƙasa. Amma duka matsakaita da ƙananan maki na Dahlia ana iya amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar layi ko rarraba layin.

Yawancin dahlias marasa kunya suna da yawa don tukunyar tukunya. Ko da tsiran tsayi-tsayi da tsayi tsayi za a iya dasa su a cikin manyan tukwane da tukunya, yin amfani da su don yin kwalliyar fili ko filin nishaɗi, yana fifita hanya da ƙofar gidan. Dahlias yana buƙatar kwantena mai zurfi da sarari. Kula dasu ba wani bambanci bane daga girma da sauran kwari da dankalin turawa. Tare da banda watakila manyan dama don canza lokacin fure: dasa shuki a kan distillation, farkon farawa, dahlias na iya yin ado da lambun furanni ko da a ƙarshen bazara, yana shimfiɗa lokacin ƙaunataccen kaka na Sarauniya don duk shekara shekara.

Dahlias sune amfanin gona mai daraja. M, mafi yawan lokuta nau'in terry sune kullun mahalarta a cikin bouquets na kaka. Babban ma'aunin nau'ikan da za a yanke shi ne tsayi da kuma ƙarfi na farfajiyar. Yanke dahlias tsayawa na dogon lokaci, amma don wannan kuna buƙatar yanke furanni yayin da suke cikakkiyar fure kuma da sanyin safiya.

Dahlias an haɗa su da kyau tare da kowane tsirrai - duka perennial da na lokaci.

Abokan hulɗa na Dahlia

Dahlias suna hade sosai tare da kowane tsirrai - duka perenni da na yanayi - muddin suna son yanayi guda: rana, yankuna masu ɗumi da ƙasa mai gina jiki.

Abokan tarayya masu mahimmanci don dahlias sune cannes, gladioli da montbrecia - suna da alaƙa da su gwargwadon yanayin girma da fasaha na aikin gona. Haɗin dahlias tare da gladioli yana cikin ɗayan duo na lambun canonical.

Daga tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, marigolds, cosmei, da lavater, da sigari mai ƙanshi, da zinnia, da pelargonium, kazalika da calendula, mallow tare da kyandir mai tsayi tare da kyandir, suna dacewa a matsayin abokan tarayya don dahlias. Za a iya ƙarfafa farawar kaka na dahlias tare da taimakon asters, amma kuna buƙatar yin hankali: inflorescences masu kama da juna na iya gabatar da asters a cikin haske mara kyau; lokacin zabar abokan, yana da kyau a mayar da hankali ga mafi girman bambanci a cikin tsarin inflorescences.

Manyan gonar lambu mai tsalle-tsalle-tsallake suna jaddada kyakkyawa na shuka - daga taga sill da buzulnik zuwa wake na kwalliyar ado da wake. Daga cikin perennials na herbaceous, mafi kyawun abokan tarayya na dahlias sune phlox, daylilies, goldrod, yarrow, gelenium, monard, veronica, sage, dolphinium, dutse, dutse asters, bolaji na ado, kyankyasai, lichenis, coreopsis, rudbeckia, gero, zhiscu, miski, zhiscu.

Tare da taimakon dahlias, zaka iya ƙara asirin kaka zuwa toungiyoyi tare da barberries, maples, derain, kwatangwalo. Raya manyan taro da kunna rawar "ƙwanƙwasawa" don ƙattai na kayan ado, dahlias, kamar, suna haskaka manyan tsire-tsire kuma suna ba da sabon sauti don kyawawan su a rabin rabin lokacin bazara.