An sanyan suman a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin kayan lambu mai mahimmanci. Namanya daga kabewa suna sauƙin narkewa, sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa ga jiki kuma suna da arha sosai. Amma ba yawancin matan aure da ke ƙara kabewa zuwa hatsi ba, yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗamara ko ciyawar don hunturu, ko kuma lambu ba su san cewa al'adun gargajiya masu ban sha'awa suna da haɗin kai a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya.
Haka kuma, wadannan tsire-tsire ba wai kawai sun kasance jinsin iri ne ba, har ma suna da dalilai daban daban.
Tsabtace iri da kabewa
Cucurbita na dabi'ar halittar, yana haɗuwa da nau'ikan kabewa iri-iri, ya haɗa da nau'ikan 18, yawancinsu basu da ƙimar abinci, kuma ana amfani da wasu azaman fodder, ornamental da albarkatun masana'antu.
Babban cibiyar asalin da rarraba nau'in tsiran kabewa shine Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, inda mutane suka saba da wannan amfani da tsire-tsire a zamanin da. Koyaya, wasu kudaden suna zuwa ne daga yankin Asiya da Afirka. A halin yanzu, godiya ga ci gaban alaƙar ƙasa tsakanin ƙasashe da nahiyoyi, masu lambu suna da damar zuwa ga kowane bambancin nau'in, kuma kuna iya ƙoƙarin shuka tsirrai marasa galihu akan rukunin yanar gizonku.
Kuma shahararru a duniya nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci dalilai sun hada da:
- babban kabewa mai ɗanɗano ko Cucurbita maxima;
- Hard kabewa ko Cucurbita pepo;
- nutmeg squash ko Cucurbita moschata.
A lokaci guda, jinsuna biyu, sune manyan frua fruan itace da kabewa mai daushin ruwa, ana kuma girma domin ciyar da dabbobi.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan tallafin shine kabewa da aka nuna a cikin hoto a cikin ingantacciyar hanya, ana tunawa da hulɗa na Turkiyya kuma an girma a matsayin al'adun gargaɗi. Amma ƙaunataccen da zucchini da squash, duk da cewa ana cin su ta hanyar ganye, har ila yau suna cikin pumpkins kuma suna cikin nau'in halittar Cucurbita pepo.
Tare da yawancin abubuwa da yawa na yau da kullun da kaddarorin, nau'ikan kabewa da iri, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, suna da bambance-bambance da dama a cikin bayyanar sassan sassan tsirrai da 'ya'yan itatuwa, har ma da ingancin su.
Idan muka yi la’akari da mai tushe, to, a cikin manyan kabewa na manyan itace, za su zama kusan zagaye a giciye, kuma cikin tsananin wuya-fuskoki tare da fuskoki daban-daban.
Zaku iya gane tsirran mallakar Cucurbita maxima ta kusan farantin ganye, yayin da ake cikin kabewa nutmeg, ƙyamar a tsakiyar fili take a bayyane a ganyayyaki. Kuma ganyen kabewa mai tsananin qarfi an rufe su da mayalli, kamar-kwastan.
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari-haushi da manyan kabewa masu girke-girke galibi suna da kama ko kuma siffar elongated, kuma tsaba suna tsakiyar tsakiyar' ya'yan itacen a cikin manyan cavities.
- A cikin kabewa mai siffar pearmeg, jiki ya mamaye dukkan girman 'ya'yan itaciyar, kuma akwai' yan kalilan, kuma sun kusan kusa da fadada.
Girma a cikin Rasha da kuma a duniya gabaɗaya na iya samun hauhawa ko tsari na daji. Haka kuma, rukunin karamar bishiyar daji, kamar yadda yake a hoto, ya hada da zucchini, zucchini, da squash, an yanka su daga wata shuka mai shekaru 6-14.
Don haka menene wannan ko wannan irin kabewa da kyau? Menene halayensa da sifofinsa? Don fahimtar dukkan bambancin zai taimaka wa nau'in hoto da nau'ikan kabewa.
Babban kabewa mai ɗanɗano (Cucurbita maxima)
Sunan wannan nau'in kabewa yayi magana don kansa.
Kinsanananannun tsire-tsire masu dausayi masu girma suna shahara a cikin lambu a duk duniya, amma mafi kyawun kwafin za a iya samu kawai a cikin yanayin dogon lokacin zafi. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, nauyin kabewa ya kai kilo ɗari da yawa, ire-iren nau'ikan abinci masu kyau sun haɗu da sukari 15%.
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa Cucurbita maxima shine mafi yawan kabewa da aka watsa a mahaifarta, Peru, da kuma a jihohin kudancin Amurka, Bolivia da Indiya, inda aka samo iri iri masu ban sha'awa na gida. Abin sha'awa, manyan pumpkins, ko da na iri ɗaya ne, suna mamakin yadda suke siffofi, launuka har ma da masu girma dabam. Tare da manyan tsire-tsire, akwai dwarfs waɗanda ke ba da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗimbin yawa, kamar kodan kabewa da aka riga aka ambata, a cikin hoto.
Wani mashahurin wakilin manyan nau'ikan itace a gadaje na Rasha ana iya ɗaukar irin wannan sanannun iri-iri kamar kabewa "Miliyan laban", wanda a cikin hoto har ma ya girma zuwa kilogiram 10-15 a tsakiyar layin, kuma a yankuna masu ɗumi yana jin daɗin mazaunin bazara tare da fruitsa ofan kilogiram na 35-50. An bambanta da kabewa da bakin ciki na bakin ciki, matattara mai launin shuɗi-orange da juriya ga cututtuka na al'ada.
Daga cikin manyan masu riƙe da ɗayan kabewa na nau'ikan "Titan" da "Merchant", waɗanda ba su bar lambu ba shekaru da yawa.
Amma matattarar '' yar uwar '' ta kwanan nan ta bayyana a cikin lambunan kayan lambu, amma ta riga ta kafa kanta a matsayin amfanin gona mai wadatarwa wanda ke samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 20. Thewanin daskararren irin waɗannan kabewa suna da wadataccen a cikin carotene, yana da dandano mai kyau kuma baya rasa inganci yayin ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo.
Hard Pumpkin (Cucurbita Rero)
Wannan nau'in kabewa na daji irin wanda kabilun Indiya da ke Tsakiyar Amurka suka gano shi kuma ya zama ɗayan shahararrun, idan ba tsafi ba, tsire-tsire a cikin yankin.
Itace kayan lambu na shekara-shekara, a yau wanda yawancin wakilai iri-iri ke wakilta, ana girma a ko'ina daga kudu na Mexico zuwa jihohin tsakiyar Amurka. A cikin al'ada akwai kuma hawa da tsire-tsire na daji, kuma wani ɓangare na tallafin shine alade na ado, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, aka yi amfani da shi don yin ado da lambun da ciki.
Cucurbita pepo, a matsayin nau'in halitta, ya kasu kashi iri daban-daban masu zaman kansu, a cikinsu akwai: kabewa mai dahuwa, zucchini da squash.
A m-Boiled kabewa samu da sunan saboda m, sosai m Layer daga cikin haushi, samun ƙarfi kamar yadda 'ya'yan itãcen ripen. Wannan shine farkon jinsunan a cikin gidajen lambuna na Rasha, amma masoya kabewa ya kamata suyi la'akari da cewa ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan wannan nau'in na iya zama mawuyacin hali, don haka ya kamata ku zaɓi iri don namo a hankali. A yau, ana ba mazaunan rani da yawa nau'ikan halittu masu ban sha'awa da nau'in kabewa, daga cikinsu akwai tsire-tsire na fitowar sabon abu da kaddarorin.
Babbar bishiyar tsiro da aka dafa ta '' Spaghetti '' iri iri ne a kwanaki 65-80 kuma a lokacin tsiro ya samar da tsiro mai dindindin tare da fruitsa fruitsan launuka masu launuka masu launin shuɗi ko cream. Yawan nauyin kabewa yana daga 800 zuwa 1.5 kg, amma babban fasalin nau'ikan yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin haushi mai wuya. Wannan shi ne m ɓangaren litattafan almara m wanda ya fashe zuwa cikin mutum zaruruwa, bayyanar wanda ya ba da suna ga iri-iri. Jin daɗin wannan kabewa, a cikin hoto, karami ne, amma ire-iren suna son ƙaunatattun masu cin ganyayyaki da masu ba da abinci mai kyau don damar cin abinci a kan kayan lambu "taliya".
Amazon ɗan fari ne mai kabewa da yawa wanda babban ƙimshi shine ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin kilogram ɗaya. Juka mai ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace na kabewa yana da wadata a cikin sukari da carotene, mai mahimmanci ga jariri da abincin abinci. A lokaci guda, m iri-iri za a iya danganta su zuwa ga pumpkins daji tare da gajeru, ƙanƙantar daɗaɗɗan lashes.
Gymnosperm kabewa ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman na lambu. Wannan wani nau'in tsakiyar kaka ne, yana samar da tsire-tsire tare da lashes mai ƙarfi da yawa har zuwa tsawon mita 5. Girman kabewa ɗaya shine kilogiram 3-5, ɓangaren litattafan almara shine orange, friable.
Siffar halayyar al'ada itace ƙoshin mai mai daɗi ba tare da rufin daskararru ba. Kabewa a cikin hoto ba shi da ma'ana, amma ba za a iya ajiye shi na dogon lokaci ba saboda haɗarin zuriya iri a cikin .an itacen.
Ultraan itace mai ɗumbin yawa "Smile" mai sauƙin haƙuri sanyi, an girbe shi kuma ana ƙimanta shi azaman tushen 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano tare da daskararren ƙanshi kamar na kankana na ainihi.
Misali na irin nau'in kabewa na daji sune squash da squash girma a cikin kowane lambun, kazalika zucchini ya shahara a yau tare da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari daga launin rawaya da kore.
Nutmeg Suman (Cucurbita moschata)
Muscat squash za a iya kiransa mafi daɗin dukkan nau'ikan da ake nomawa. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun samo asalin wannan al'adar ta nazarin tsoffin ƙauyuka a Kudancin Amurka.
Dangane da halayen ilimin halittar jiki, wato, bayyanar mai tushe, ganye da furanni, wannan nau'in kabewa ya mamaye matsayi tsakanin Cucurbita maxima da Cucurbita pepo. Amma ɓangaren litattafan almara na bayyanar da ɗanɗano suna da banbanci sosai, domin a matsakaita yana dauke da sukari kusan 11.5%, mai laushi ne, mai kuma yana da wari mai daɗi mai daɗi.
Gaskiya ne, yana da wahalar shuka 'ya'yan itaciyar nutmeg kabewa fiye da manyan frua oran itace ko daskararru. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar zafi da zafi, kuma nau'ikan kabewa sune tsaka-tsakiya ko a ƙarshen. A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan tsirrai shida na nutmeg. Amma mafi mashahuri sune kabewa masu launin shunin lu'u-lu'u, saboda ɗanɗano da irin ɗambin dutsen da ake kira "butternut" - goro mai.
Ga mazaunan bazara na Rasha, masu shayarwa suna ba da irin nau'in kabewa mai sanyi mai sanyi wanda ke kawo wannan nau'in, yana kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi a cikin kwanaki 90-120.
Anaya daga farkon cikakke nau'ikan squme "squir Mace" suna hawa tsire-tsire waɗanda akan iya kaiwa har zuwa 'ya'yan itaciya 8 masu nauyin kilo ɗaya da rabi zuwa kilo biyu na iya girke a lokaci guda.
A peculiarity na kabewa iri-iri, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, shi ne sabon abu siffar 'ya'yan itacen, da kuma ripening quite da ewa ba. Dadi da daskararren ɓangaren litattafan almara, mai arziki a cikin carotene, bitamin kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, abincin jariri da sauran nau'ikan sarrafa kayan abinci
Suman cultivar "Lu'u-lu'u" ripens makonni uku baya. 'Ya'yan itãcen a cikin wannan yanayin suna da siffar gargajiya ta kabewa mai kama da kifi kuma sun isa kilogiram 3-6 a nauyi. Ciki mai daskarewa na orange ya ƙunshi sukari da carotene mai yawa, wanda yasa ya dace da lafiyar jariri da abinci mai gina jiki. Tsire-tsire suna jure yanayin bushewa da kyau, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya ƙaruwa cikin yanayin ɗakin.
'Pineapple' 'kabewa mai tsami shine tsaka-tsakin yanayi tare da faffadan fareti mai tsayi da' ya'yan itaciyar fure mai dauke da nauyin kilogiram 2.5. Haushi na pumpkins na wannan nau'in, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoto, yana da kirim ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi, nama zai iya tarawa har zuwa 10% sukari. Amfani irin kabewa ya kasance mai iyayin cuta mai yaɗuwa.
Leafy Suman (Cucurbita ficifolia)
A cikin gandun dajin na Peruvian shine mahaifar gida da kuma wani nau'in kabewa, wanda, ba kamar tsire-tsire da aka riga aka bayyana ba, al'adun gargajiya ne na zamani.
A waje, wani kabewa mai launin kore, wanda samansa wanda yake a bayyane yake a bayyane, ya fi kama da kankana mara kyau. Vala fruitan oval ko elongated na kabewa mai ganye yana da farin fari ko mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi da dandano. Tsaba kuma suna kama da kankana a cikin tsari da kuma harsashi mai baƙar fata. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi, hawa, kowane harbe mutum ya kai tsawon mita 10.
Ana amfani da tsintsiyar kore na wannan nau'in kayan dafaffen kayan lambu, ana shan magani mai zafi, kuma waɗanda suka manyanta sune albarkatun kayan abinci da kayan giya. Duk da asalin asalin wurare masu zafi, irin wannan kabewa, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoto, ana samun saukin saurin girma koda a Arewa maso Yammacin kasar.
Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)
Ewood mai launin kore na wannan nau'in an samo asali ne kawai a kudu maso gabas. Amma a yau, irin nau'in kabewa na farko na Benincasa hispida ya bayyana a Rasha. 'Ya'yan itãcen duhu kore inuwa da sabon abu mai yawa haushi, ga m yi kama.
Ganyen Chengzhou mai daushin itace suna samarwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa wadanda a shirye suke don girbi kwanaki 125-130 bayan shuka. Pumpkins na yayyafa a kan dogon lashes. Girman kowane 'ya'yan itace ya kai kilogiram 6-15, kuma tsawonsa ya kasance daga 25 zuwa 50 cm.
Za'a iya amfani da inuwa milky na ɓangaren litattafan almara na irin wannan kabejin a cikin tafasasshen, stewed ko soyayyen tsari. Don dalilai na dafuwa, suna amfani da duka kabewa na kore waɗanda ba su kai cikakke da 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke ba. Yayinda yake narkewa, kabewa tana tara adadin sukari, amma ba za'a iya misalta ta da kabewa ta nutmeg. Amma gourd kakin zuma mai rikodin don rayuwar shiryayye. Ba tare da asarar inganci ba, 'ya'yan itaciyar na iya yin kwanciyar hankali har zuwa shekaru 2-3.
