Isasa ta kasance takin ƙasa ba kawai tare da sinadarai ba, har ma da hanyoyin zahiri - busassun kayan, albasa da albasarta, taba, ganye, ƙanƙan ƙwai da sauransu. Koyaya, zaku iya takin ƙasa ta wata hanya. Misali, ta dasa mustard. A matsayin taki, ana amfani dashi a kullun. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a dafa abinci da magani. Amma yana da daraja kula da wannan shuka da kuma lambu waɗanda suke son takin ƙasa akan ƙasarsu.
Bambanci tsakanin fari da babban mustard
Akwai nau'ikan mustard guda biyu:
- Kamar yadda taki domin gona. Ba'a amfani da sauran nau'ikan don wannan dalili. Amma farin mustard a matsayin taki yana da kyau qwarai. Ana kuma kiranta Turanci.
- Nau'in na biyu shine Sarepta ko mustard mustard, da yawa sun san shi Rasha.
Wadannan nau'ikan takin zamani biyu na kore suna da bambance-bambance da dama a tsakaninsu:
Turanci mustard baya son busasshiyar ƙasa, musamman lokacin girbi da kuma toho. A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, kodayake, ƙarin tsaba sun bayyana a ciki. Rigar ƙasa da ƙasa mai acidic basu dace da farin mustard ba. Banda an horar da fadama. Mustard mai launin toka ya yarda da fari, amma a ƙasar ma ba za ta yi girma ba.
Tsarin mustard na tsiro yayi kawan zafin jiki na digiri daya ko biyu. Gwanin mustard yana buƙatar zazzabi mai zurfi kaɗan - daga digiri biyu zuwa huɗu tare da alamar alama. Turanci fari mustard sun fi tsayayya da sanyi kuma suna jure ƙananan ko da ƙanƙan sanyi - har zuwa digiri shida. Rasha, duk da sunan, yana kula da yanayin sanyi. Digiri uku a sama da sifilin na iya zama mata. Lokacin ciyayi na fararen mustard kusan kwanaki 60-70. A cikin mustard mai launin shuɗi, wannan lokacin ya fi tsayi - ya kai kwana ɗari. Haka kuma, arewa, gajarta lokacin girki.
Tsawan fari, mustard na Ingilishi kafin fure ya kasance daga rabin mita zuwa saba'in santimita. Hakanan, yana girma wani santimita 20-30 kuma zai iya kaiwa sama da mita a tsawo. Idan ƙasa ta kasance mara kyau da yashi, tsire-tsire za su yi ƙasa. Mustard na Rasha ya ɗan fi na Ingilishi “dangi”. Duk nau'ikan mustard sun bambanta a cikin tsabarsu. A cikin fararen mustard, suna da sifa mai sihiri da launin shuɗi. Yawan taro na dubu yakai kimanin gram shida. Abubuwan mustan mustard na Rasha suna m, launin toka-baki ko rawaya. Yawan su daga giram biyu zuwa hudu ne (guda 1000).
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Mustard ba kawai takin kasar gona ba ne, har ma yana yin wasu ayyuka masu amfani. Ta:
- yana sauyar da gonar ciyawa, musamman kan filayen da ake nomawa. Wannan saboda mustard kansa yana girma da sauri;
- yana da kyawawan abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, yakar kwari kamar kwari, asu da wireworm;
- Taimaka yakar cututtukan tsire-tsire - Blight late da dankalin turawa. Ana samun wannan tasiri sakamakon gaskiyar cewa mustard yana ɗaure baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa kuma don haka yana warkar dashi;
- mustard yana da manyan biomass, wanda yake nufin yana sake cika ƙasa da mahimman abubuwa na kwayoyin. Bayan haka, ana sarrafa su cikin humus;
- Ciyar da ƙasa tare da mustard, ya sa ƙasa ta zama sako-sako da kuma tsarinta saboda tushen da ta kai mita uku. Soilasa ta ɗauki ƙarin danshi da iska;
- mustard yana taimakawa riƙe da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, ta haka yana hana leaching. Amma wannan al'ada, ba kamar tatsuniya ba, kawai tana riƙe da nitrogen, kuma ba ta fassara shi zuwa wani tsari wanda ya dace da sauran tsire-tsire;
- wannan gefen ya canza abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa zuwa tsari na halitta kuma basa zurfi;
- idan sanyi ya zo kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, mustard yana kwance a ƙasa, yana kare shi daga daskarewa.
- mustard tsire-tsire ne na zuma mai ban mamaki, kuma kwari da yawa masu ba da tsire-tsire suna tausayawa a kai;
- Yi amfani da mustard a matsayin abokin. Yana inganta haɓakar wasu fruitan itace, inabi da wake. Idan an shuka mustard don wannan dalili, to, ana buƙatar ɗaukar tsaba kaɗan. Amma don haɓaka azaman siderata, yawan tsaba ya kamata ya fi girma girma;
- mustard mai kyau kuma yana aiki a matsayin abubuwan farashi ga dankali, tumatir da wasu albarkatu, saboda yana yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
A ƙasa za mu gaya muku yadda kuma lokacin da za a shuka mustard, amma da farko kuna buƙatar faɗi game da kasawarsa:
- mustard, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na giciye, na iya fama da cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da dokokin juya amfanin gona yayin shuka;
- wasu tsuntsaye kamar mustard. Idan wannan yana damun lambu, yana buƙatar rufe tsaba bayan shuka ciyawa.
Siffofin shuka mustard don takin kasar gona
Ya kamata a dasa mustard a kan sod-podzolic, ƙasa takin. Hakanan, ƙasa mai yashi da peat ta dace da wannan shuka. Amma yumɓu, ƙasa acidic da gishiri marshes mustard ba za su yi aiki ba. A lokacin da shuka mustard don takin kasar gona, ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire baya son fari kuma yana buƙatar yawan maimaitawa a lokacin samuwar buds. Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da mustard a matsayin farkon kabeji, saboda suna da cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Za a iya shuka ƙwayar farin mustard daga farkon bazara zuwa farkon kaka, yana ba kowane yanki kyauta. Mafi kyawun lokacin bazara shine kwanaki 30 kafin dasa shuki kayan lambu. Mustard kamar yadda ake shuka takin ne a kaka nan da nan bayan girbi, yayin da har yanzu akwai sauran danshi a ƙasa. Kuna iya rufe tsaba zuwa zurfin ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu santimita, barin nesa na santimita 15 tsakanin su. Yawan amfanin zai kasance kusan gram 150 a ɗari murabba'in mita ko kuma ƙasa kaɗan.
Wata hanyar ita ce yayyafa tsaba a kan gadaje, kara tsoratarwar da rake da yafawa duniya. Lokacin da aka dasa mustard don takin ƙasa a hanya ta biyu, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciyarta cewa ana samun yawan iri aƙalla sau biyu. Farkon harbe ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki uku zuwa hudu. A cikin makonni biyar zuwa shida, shuka zaiyi girma zuwa santimita ashirin kuma zai bukaci a yi masa shisshigi. Matsakaicin taro dole ne a murƙushe shi kuma a gyara shi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar ban ruwa tare da kayan aikin EM kamar Radiance da sauransu. Bayan haka rufe tare da kayan rufin ko fim mai duhu.
Idan kuna dasa wannan shuka a karon farko, ya dace ku ga yadda ake shuka mustard ƙarƙashin takin zamani. Ana iya samun bidiyo akan wannan batun akan Intanet. Yana da mahimmanci a sake jaddada cewa mustard yana son danshi, saboda haka dole ne a shayar da shi sau da yawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan na dogon lokaci babu ruwan sama na al'ada. Irin wannan kulawa ga mustard zai ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa gonar za ta sami sako mai laushi, ƙasa mai koshin lafiya. Idan ƙwayar mustard ta girma don tarin zuma, dole ne a rage yawan tsaba da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka shuka a nesa nesa daga juna.
Idan ana so, zaku iya tattara tsaba. Don samun tsaba, mustard ya kamata a shuka a bazara, kuma ba sosai densely. A lokacin bazara, baza'a iya samun tsaba ba. Podan murfin mustard na Turanci ba sa fasawa, saboda haka ana iya girbe su da yamma da yamma. Ardan mustard na Rasha yana da ɗandalai masu ƙanshi, don haka dole ne a tattara tsabarsa da sassafe ko da yamma.
