Ganye mai tsiro heliconia (Heliconia) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin Heliconiaceae. A yanayi, ana iya samunsa a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, da kuma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ya fi son yin girma a kan tsaunin tuddai, a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, a bakin tekun, har ma da bankunan kogin inda akwai yawan danshi, amma akwai magudanan ruwa mai kyau. An yi imani cewa wannan asalin halittar tsire-tsire an sanya shi ne a gaban Dutsen Helikon, wanda a jikin ƙaunatattun mataye suka rayu (bisa lafazin camfin Girka)
Wannan ciyawar ciyawar itace zamani ce. Tsawonta zai iya kaiwa santimita 300. Hakanan akwai ingantacciyar hanyar da za'a iya rarrabe ta, wacce aka samo daga ganye mai fadi (kama da ayaba), da kuma daga manyan athan itacen oren. Wadannan faranti, kamar na ayaba ne, dan kadan ne, tunda haɓaka su na faruwa ne a cikin maƙarƙashiyar ɓarna, kuma suma suna da irin wannan wuraren. Heliconia ya bambanta da banana a cikin cewa ganyen sa suna da tsari biyu.
Wannan tsire-tsire mai saurin girma yana fara farawa tuni a cikin shekara ta 2 na rayuwa. Wata inflorescence ke tsiro akan kowane bangare na tushen da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyi da tushe. A lokacin girma m, kara kasance taqaitaccen, duk da haka, a lokacin furanni, shi fara girma da karfi a cikin pseudostem kuma daukawa wani rataye ko a tsaye inflorescence. Braaƙƙarfan launin launuka masu kama da furanni, suna zuwa launuka daban-daban, alal misali: ruwan lemo, rawaya, ja ko ruwan hoda. Hakanan, wasu nau'ikan suna da iyaka akan takalmin launin rawaya ko launin kore, wanda yake kara musu inganci, kuma kakin zuma da ke saman yana sa su zama mai kauri da haske. Waɗannan furanni kaɗan ne girman su kuma suna cikin ciki daga cikin takalmin. Zasu yi fure da safe, su kuma bushe da misalin kamar kwana ɗaya. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da wasu sunaye ga mutane: aku na aku, lemo daji, kambori da kuma tsuntsu na aljanna. Kuma waɗannan sunaye suna da alaƙa da tsarin sabon abu na inflorescences, da kuma wani kamance tare da wasu tsirrai (strelitzia, banana).
Kulawar Heliconium a gida
Haske
A duk shekara, yanada bukatar haske, amma ya bazu sosai. Koyaya, irin wannan shuka yana iya yin tsayayya da hasken rana kai tsaye, amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Yana son ƙauna. An bada shawara a adana shi shekara-shekara a zazzabi na 22 zuwa 26, yayin da a cikin hunturu bai kamata a ba shi izinin ƙasa da digiri 18 ba. Heliconia ya danganta mummunan aiki ga iska mai iska, har ma da abubuwan zane. A wannan batun, ana buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullun, amma ya kamata a aiwatar dasu sosai da hankali.
Haushi
Ana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Don wannan shuka, ya kamata ka zaɓi wani wuri a cikin ɗakin tare da zafi mafi girma. Yana girma da kyau kuma yana tasowa a cikin greenhouse ko greenhouse mai santsi. Idan iska ta bushe, to kuna buƙatar danshi da ciyawar daga mai girke-girke kamar yadda zai yiwu (aƙalla sau 2 a rana). Kuna iya ɗaukar kwanon rufi mai fadi, zuba lãka da aka faɗaɗa a ciki, zuba ruwa kaɗan, sannan a sa tukunya a saman. Koyaya, tabbatar cewa kasan gangaren bai shiga cikin ruwa ba.
Yadda ake ruwa
A cikin bazara da bazara kuna buƙatar ruwa sosai. Don haka, ana bada shawarar yin wannan hanyar bayan saman ɗakunan daskararre na substrate. A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar ruwa kaɗan, amma kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a cikin tukunyar ba ta bushe gaba ɗaya.
Manyan miya
Kuna buƙatar ciyarwa a cikin bazara da bazara 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 4. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. A cikin hunturu, ciyar ba a za'ayi.
Siffofin Juyawa
Ya kamata a aiwatar da juyawa sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara. Cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa ya ƙunshi humus, ganye, ƙasa turf, da yashi, wanda yakamata a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1: 1. Don haɓaka kyauta na rhizomes, ana buƙatar ƙarfin iyawa. Diamita na sabon tukunya ya kamata ya zama santimita 5 girma fiye da diamita na baya. Idan shuka yana da girman ban sha'awa, to, ana dasa shi a cikin baho. Kar a manta yin kyakkyawan ruwan magudanar ruwa a kasan.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, sanya filastik da rarrabuwa na rhizome.
Dole ne a fitar da tsaba kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, an sanya su cikin zafi (game da digiri 60-70) na tsawon kwanaki 3-4. Don kula da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, ana shawarar soaking a cikin thermos, yayin maye gurbin yakamata a yi idan ya cancanta (sabon ruwa yakamata ya sami zafin jiki iri ɗaya). Rufe tsaba zuwa zurfin santimita biyu a cakuda yashi da peat. An rufe akwati tare da fim a saman, kuma sanya shi a cikin dumi (aƙalla digiri 25). Ana buƙatar samun iska mai daskarewa da ban ruwa tare da mai toshewa. Tsaba za su yi girma a lokuta daban-daban na tsawon makonni 16.
Dole ne a ɗauki zuriya tushen daga tsarin da aka samo asali sosai. Raba zuriya ana shuka su ne a cikin wani murfin mai narkewa. Ana tsabtace ganga a cikin ɗumi mai ɗumi, ɗan inuwa kaɗan tare da zafi mai laushi. Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire matasa a hankali. Idan zafi ya ƙasa, to, a saman plantlet an rufe shi da fim ɗin fili da ramuka. Koyaya, ganye bai kamata ya shigo da fim ba. Bayan bayyanar ci gaban matasa (bayan makonni 1-3), dole ne a cire mafaka.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Pretty resistant ga cututtuka da kwari.
Garkuwa - launin fararen fata launin toka a kan tushe da ganye. Suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace salula. Ganyen ganye ya zama mara nauyi, ya bushe ya mutu. Don cire kwari, kuna buƙatar wanke ganye tare da soso da ruwa a cikin sabulu. Sannan ana kula da fure tare da maganin 0.15 na Actellik (1 ml na ruwa a kowace lita 1 na ruwa).
Spider mite - kasancewar yanar gizo a kan ganye. Yana son zafi mai zafi sosai. An kafa yanar gizo a kan mai tushe a cikin internodes kuma daga baya ganye suka bushe suka mutu. A wanke fure tare da soso mai soapy sannan a bashi ruwan ɗumi. Wajibi ne a sanyaya ɗan ganye daga mai toka.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
- Tabeage ya juya launin rawaya - a cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu: haske mara kyau, yayi zafi sosai (musamman da dare); a lokacin rani: overdrying, da shuka bukatar a ciyar da.
- Saurin bushewa ko mutuƙar ganye - ruwa kadan ko yanayin zafin rashin ruwa (musamman a cikin hunturu).
- Wrinkles tsari akan ganye - yana iya bayyana saboda tsananin tasirin hawayen iska mai sanyi. Kuma akan tsoffin ganyayyaki na iya bayyana sakamakon karancin potassium, magnesium ko phosphorus.
- Nasihun ganyen ganye suna rawaya - soilasa a cikin tukunya ta bushe ko kuma akwai kalshin da yawa a ciki.
- Duka furanni sun yi launin rawaya - soilasa a cikin tukunya ta bushe gaba ɗaya ko taɓar ruwa na faruwa a ciki, ƙarancin iska, ƙasa tana da nauyi matuka ko tana da yawan gaske, heliconia tana shiri don hutawa lokacin.
- Twist da mutu ganye - matalauta watering.
- M rauni, elongated mai tushe, iri canza launi na foliage - rashin ingantaccen haske.
Batun bidiyo
Babban nau'ikan
Heliconia bihai
Irin wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous yana da girman girman. Tsawon ganyenta shine santimita 120, kuma faɗin faɗin daga 30 zuwa 45 santimita ne. Tsawon babban inflorescences shine 60 santimita, kuma nisa shine 30 santimita. Suna da dumbin yawa kuma sun fito daga farjin launin shuɗi. Abun jan-orange mai launin shuɗi suna da nasihun rawaya. Launin furanni na iya zama kore ko launin rawaya mai haske.
Heliconia bicolor (Heliconia bicolor)
Wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous na iya kaiwa tsawon santimita ɗari. Tsawon faranti da aka yi awo da kayan ado ya kai rabin mitir, kuma nisa shine santimita 10. Irin waɗannan ganyayyaki suna da tushe mai siffar siffar siffar gefe. Bracts suna ja. An shirya furanni fari a cikin layi biyu.
Heliconia karfe (Heliconia metallica)
Wannan itace babba mai girma sosai wanda ya nuna fad'in ganye mai nauyi, sun kai santimita 30 a tsayinsu kuma tsawon santimita 7-10. Fuskokinsu na fari na launin kore ne mai ƙarafar launuka, kuma akan shi akwai keɓanceccen bayyane azaman tsakiyar faifai da kuma jijiyar silsiyoyin gabbai masu launi iri ɗaya. Ganyen magarya yana cike da jan launi. Dogon petioles ana fentin su da launin ja. Bracts kore ne kuma furanni masu launin ja.
Heliconia rostral (Heliconia rostrata)
Babban girma herbaceous shuka. Manyan fararen ganyayyaki suna kama da na banana. Tsawon lokacin lebur na daskararre ya bambanta daga santimita 100 zuwa 150, kuma yana daukar nauyin 35 ko sama da haka tare da takalmin launin rawaya. Yana iya Bloom ci gaba duk tsawon shekara.
Heliconia aku aku (Heliconia psittacorum)
Wannan tsire-tsire mai girma na ganye yana da ganye-ganye na nau'i na lanceolate-linear, tsawonsa yana daga 40 zuwa 50 santimita. A karkace, a tsaye inflorescence daukawa furanni tare da baki tukwici. Canjin launin takalmin ya bambanta daga ja zuwa ruwan lemu mai zurfi.
Heliconia madaidaiciya (Heliconia stricta)
A tsawo wannan in mun gwada da m herbaceous shuka yi dabam daga 30 zuwa 150 santimita. Itsarancin sa na kai tsaye yana kama da tsuntsun da ke shimfida fikafikan sa. Saboda haka, cikakken ja bracts na bralong siffar suna located zuwa kara kusan a wani kwana daidai 90 digiri. Wannan nau'in rarrabe yana samuwa a cikin kowane nau'in wannan nau'in.
Mafi mashahuri sune nau'in heliconium kai tsaye:
- "Gobarar"- wakilcin wannan nau'in.
- "Dorado zinari"- wata itaciya mai ban sha'awa. Siffar ta inflorescence tana dauke da takalmin launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗanɗano mai haske na launin ruwan hoda, yana jin daɗin buɗe" gwargwadon iko.
- "Oliveiras Sharonii"- Fentin na fenti ne a wani sabon abu mai launin ja, kuma a saman faranti ganye akwai bayyane da ke fitowa a tsakanin jijiyoyin launin ruwan kasa, kuma a yayin da haskensu yake a gefan da yake gefe ta dama.
- "Dwart jamaica", "Mafificin mafarki"- Karamin inflorescence yana canza launin launin rawaya ko ja.
Wadannan nau'ikan suna da saurin daidaita da kowane canje-canje a cikin tsarin zafin jiki, kuma a wannan batun ana ɗaukar su mafi rashin daidaituwa ga duk wasu.
Heliconia india (Heliconia india)
Filayen ganye mai dumu-dumu suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-jan karfe. Akwai nau'ikan variegate tare da rawaya mai haske, ruwan hoda ko farin farin veins. Ingaddamar da inflorescences, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da launi mai launi.
