Da dadewa kafin tsaftacewa

Muna ba ku shawara ku fara shirya don adana kayan lambu tun kafin girbi har ma kafin shuka. Da farko dai, samu ko tsiro akan rukunin yanar gizon nunannan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri. Irin waɗannan kayan lambu sun bambanta da masu rauni waɗanda ke da kyallen takarda masu ƙarfi da fatar fata mai laushi wanda aka rufe da murfin kakin zuma. Misali, kayan maye na nau'ikan kabeji Slava 1305, a ƙarshen 9 Moscow sun lalace cikin sauƙi kuma an adana su kawai har zuwa Disamba, kuma Amager 611, Zimovka 1474 tare da kayan coarser kuma mafi bushe ganye sun dace da ajiyar lokacin bazara-har zuwa Maris - Afrilu.

Albasa Karatalsky tare da m ciki da na bakin ciki m a daya Layer na Sikeli, wanda, haka ma, an sauƙi cire, da sauri decays da kuma sprouts. A akasin wannan, da murfin bushe-digiri biyu na uku na Bessonovsky na gida na dogon lokaci don kare shi daga lalacewa. Gabaɗaya, ingancin kiyayewa da jigilar abubuwa iri-iri galibi ana haɗasu da juriya na cutar.

Lokaci daban-daban na adana kayan amfanin gona: a cikin yanayi mai kyau, ana iya ajiye cucumbers har tsawon makonni 2-4 ba tare da asarar ɗanɗano ba, tumatir - watanni 1.5-2, dankali, kabeji - watanni 8-9, da albasa, alal misali, shekara ko sama da haka.

Yanayin girma ya shafi amincin samfurori yayin lokacin hunturu. Daga swampy, clayey, har ma daga albarkatun kasa na ambaliyar ruwa, kayan lambu sun zama ƙasa-baya fiye da na sandy loamy da loamy. Saturation na kasar gona da takin unripe da takin ma'adinai da ke kunshe da dumbin nitrogen yana haifar da asara mai yawa ta hanyar cututtuka.

Hakanan tsarin ban ruwa ya shafi ingancin kayayyakin, musamman kafin girbi.. Yawan ruwa mai yawa zai haifar da fatattakakkun kayan amfanin gona na karas da shugabannin kabeji. Friability da shayar da kyallen takarda suna ƙaruwa, yawan lalacewa na injin yayin tsaftacewa yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar samfuran ta cututtuka. Yawan shayarwa tare da riguna na sama da makonni 2-3 kafin girbi kabeji, kodayake yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwa a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma a lokaci guda na iya haifar da lalata mummunan kabeji na kabeji riga a farkon ajiya.

Lokacin tsaftacewa ba shi da damuwa. An ƙaddara su da matsayin tumatir na kayan amfanin gona da yanayin yanayi. Zai fi kyau girbi kayan lambu a ranakun da ya dace don bushe kayan masarufi a cikin rana da iska (duk da haka, ba barin shi ya bushe), girgiza ƙasa da yawa, da kuma raba marasa daidaitattun, waɗanda suka lalace da marasa lafiya don amfanin fifiko ko aiki. Albasa da tafarnuwa suna buƙatar bushewa bayan girbi na dogon lokaci (1 - 2 sati) a kan kunya ko a ƙarƙashin wata; sa'o'i da yawa sun isa ga amfanin gona, kabeji, dankali.

Kusan dukkanin kayan lambu suna iya jujjuyar da kayan halitta bayan daskarewa, bayan da aka adana su mafi muni (sai dai kabeji irin na marigayi, wanda zai iya jure hasken sanyi). Don haka, ya kamata ka cire gadaje kafin dusar ƙanƙara, ba za ka iya yin hatsarin amfanin gona ba.

Unripe, kazalika da frosted ko danshi-cikakken tubers, tushen amfanin gona, shugabannin kabeji ana iya lalace a lokacin girbi. Ta hanyar yanke, raunuka na fata, kamuwa da cuta sauƙin shiga cikin kyallen na ciki, kuma samfuran sun lalace.

Kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake tsabtacewa. An haƙa kayan lambu Tushen daga ƙasa tare da farar hular, suna riƙe su ta ganye. Zai fi kyau kar a fasa fiɗa, kada a karkatar, amma a yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi, a bar kututture 1.0-1.5 cm.Wannan sassan ana warkar da sauri, an toshe hanyar kamuwa da cuta. An datse kawunan kabeji da ciyayi ko ma ganye biyu ko uku. A cikin albasa da tafarnuwa, an yanke wuyan da aka yanka tare da wuka ko keɓe a tsayi na 2-4 cm daga kwan fitila.

Sanya kayan lambu don adana duka a cikin akwati kuma ba tare da shi ba - a cikin babba a cikin kafadu. Hanya mafi kyau

Cellar

har yanzu tare. Lokacin da samfuran ke kamuwa da ƙwayar rigar, ƙwayar cuta ta iyakance ga ganuwar kunshin, yana sauƙaƙa bulkheading. Ana amfani da akwatunan ɗaukar hoto ko rak, jaka da jakunkuna waɗanda aka yi da polyethylene ko takaddara mai kauri dangane da nau'in samfurin. Smalleraramar ganga (ta 2 kilogiram 5 - 5), mafi sauƙi ita ce saka idanu kan amincin kayan lambu, amma kwalaye da jaka mai ƙarfin 15 - 20 kg ɗauki ƙasa da sararin ajiya. Akwatin rake suna da kyau don ɗayan kayan lambu waɗanda ba sa tsoron wilting (albasa), kayan lambu masu laushi (karas, faski, seleri) ana adana su a cikin jakar fim na dogon lokaci.

Zai dace don sanya dankali da beets a cikin bins tare da rak kwanon rufi tare da wani yanki na 1-1.5 m, tushen amfanin gona a bumps ko akwati tare da yashi interlayers. An sanya kabeji a cikin ƙananan flanges tare da kocherig sama ko an dakatar da kowane shugaban daban.

Don adana kayan lambu na dogon lokaci, ɗakunan sanyi, cellars, rami, binne ko adana ƙasa sun dace. Don hana su daga zafin cutar, ana lalata su da lemun tsami, sulphate na ƙarfe, da dai sauransu a kowace bazara .. Dole ne a shigar da iska don cire danshi mai yawa (lokacin girbi a cikin ruwan sama) da rage zafin jiki. A ranakun da dare ke sanyin sanyi, wadatar zuci da shaye shaye suke rufe, kuma yayin rana, idan zazzabi ya fi gida girma, suna rufe. Don kayan lambu, yana da kyawawa don sauri (kwanaki da yawa) rage zafin jiki zuwa mafi kyau, amma dankali a cikin abin da ake kira "jiyya" tsawon makonni biyu zuwa uku na buƙatar ƙaruwa (10-16 °) zafin jiki. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya ba da sassan biyu.

Kayan lambu dangane da yanayin wurin ajiya an kasu kashi biyu cikin rukuni biyu. Heat-ƙauna (tumatir, cucumbers, eggplant) a zazzabi kusa da sifiri, rasa ɗanɗano, ikon ɗanɗano da tanadin dogon lokaci. Abubuwan gona masu tsaurin sanyi (kabeji, albasa, tafarnuwa, kore da kayan lambu salatin) an kiyaye su sosai a cikin kewayon -1, + 2 °. Kayayyakin da ke da fata mai ɗimbin yawa, rufaffen kakin zuma, sikeli mai kariya (tumatir, albasa, tafarnuwa) ba su bushe da kasala mai kusancin kusan kashi 70-85; don tushen amfanin gona, ganye, kabeji, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar zafi mai zafi (duba tebur). Rage zafi ta hanyar fitar da dakin cikin sanyi, tsaftataccen yanayi; kara shi ta hanyar feshin ruwa mai tsabta.

Don adana tare babban kayan lambu tare da buƙatu daban-daban don tsarin mulki, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake rarraba zazzabi a cikin ɗakin: yana da sanyi a ƙasa da kan bangon waje fiye da akan shelf da rufi. Bambancin wani lokaci ya kai 3-5 °. Shafin da ake buƙata a kowane yanki na samfuran yana da sauƙi don tsara ta amfani da fim ɗin filastik na bakin ciki, jaka, layi a cikin akwatuna, tsaka-tsaki tare da sandar rigar, rufe tare da matting, da dai sauransu Ba za ku iya ɗauka kwandon filastik ba: sabo kayan lambu suna fitar da carbon dioxide a cikin hanyar numfashi, idan akwai wuce kima, sun na iya shaƙa

Tabbas, ba za a iya ƙirƙirar yanayin ajiya mai ɓarnar ba koyaushe. Yanayin mummunan yanayin don girma, girbi, ajiya suna ba da gudummawa ga samfuran juyawa. Anan akwai cututtukan kayan lambu da aka fi sani da matakan kiyaye asara.

Grey rot na kabeji. Ganyayyaki na waje suna zama mucous, auduga mai kama da launin toka-toka tare da yawancin sclerotia baƙi na tasowa akan su. A nan gaba, rot yakan shafi ganyen cikin kai. Don adana ajiya, lafiyayye, m, shuagaban kabeji na saka iri tare da ganye biyu ko uku da aka zaɓi rake mai tsawon-2-3. Don prophylaxis, kawunan kabeji an bushe da busassun alli - 2-3% ta nauyin kabeji. A lokacin da Rotring - fita daga cabbages da kuma karin ganye.

Albasa na mahaifa na juyawa. The wuyõyin kwararan fitila yi duhu, yi laushi zuwa mucilage, farfajiya an rufe su da launin toka mai ruwan toka. Tsarin takin gargajiya na Phosphate da potassium suna kara jure juriya, taki na taimakawa da cutar. Kafin kwanciya don ajiya, albasa mai bushe ana mai zafi a 45 "na awanni 12-14. Lokacin da rot ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar gyara da sauri albasa gaba ɗaya.

White Carrot Rot. Masa rauni yana haifar da asara mai yawa. Tushen Tushen yana da taushi, an rufe shi da farin farin kaya tare da babban black sclerotia. Matakan rigakafin: liming acidic kasa, sanya su da potash da phosphorus takin, ninka spraying amfanin gona wata daya kafin girbi da ruwa Bordeaux.

Phomosis da baki rot na karas - bushe bushe. Abubuwan duhu masu duhu ko baƙi suna bayyana a kan tushen amfanin gona, wanda daga baya ya bazu ko'ina cikin tushen amfanin gona. Matakan gargaɗin daidai suke da na fari daga fararen ruɓa.

Dry da rigar dankalin turawa rigar a mafi yawan lokuta, bayyana a fi da tubers kafin girbi. Sabili da haka, bushewa, rarrabe mai rarrabewa, kin amincewa da ƙwararrun marasa lafiya da lalacewar tubers bayan girbi, kuma a cikin shekarun cututtukan taro da kuma bayan lokacin "jiyya", shine mabuɗin babban adana dankali.

Tsarin rigakafin gaba ɗaya game da cututtuka zai zama musanya amfanin gona akan saiti, dasa ko shuka bishiyoyi masu alaƙa a wuri guda ba a baya bayan shekaru 4-6.. Shuka abu ko shuka yakamata a sami rauni (girki a cikin maganin cellarate na 0.5-1%). Lokacin girbi na damina duk ciyawar da shuka ya zama tilas a wurin; lallai za a ƙone saman da tsire-tsire da cututtukan suka shafa. A ƙasa an haƙa da zurfi tare da juyawa daga tafki.

Daga kayan V. Lebedeva