Furen da ke cikin Brunfelsia na wurare masu zafi (Brunfelsia) nasa ne da dangin Nisharde. Gida na gida shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Itace itace itaciyar fure mai koren fure har zuwa sama da santimita 60. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tana iya girma a cikin itacen har zuwa tsayi na 3. M ganye shine madadin, duka, fata, tare da gajerun petioles. Furannin furanni masu kamshi ne, shuɗi, shuɗi, shuɗi ko shunayya. Dankin yana jan furannin furanni daga ko'ina cikin duniya tare da fure mai haske da ƙanshin ƙanshi na musamman, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana bayyana kanta da dare. A daji blooms kusan duk shekara zagaye. Ruwan fure na fure mai guba sosai, don haka lokacin aiki tare da shi, dole ne a bi ka'idodin aminci da amfani da kayan kariya.
Iri da nau'ikan tsire-tsire na brunfelsia
Fiye da nau'ikan 40 na wannan kyakkyawan itace an san su a duk faɗin duniya. Ainihin, dukkansu suna girma ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai yanayi mai dumin yanayi.
Iri furanni na Brunfelsia:
Ba’amurke (B. americana).
Malocotsvetnaya (B. pauciflora).
Single-flowered (B. uniflora).
Ciki (B. calycina).
Ostiraliya
Densely flowered.
Manyan katako.
Amurkawa iri-iri Brunfelsia shrub yana da ƙanshi mai daɗi da fararen furanni, waɗanda a ƙarshen fure suka sami launin shuɗi. Yawancin lokaci mutane suna kiran shuka da suna "Night Night" ko kuma kawai "Americansana".
Speciesarancin ɗanda aka kunna Furen Brunfelsia shine ƙaramin daji mai girma wanda ke fure a cikin shekara. Daga dukkan nau'in halittu, ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar magana ta musamman da samuwar inflorescences.
Single-flowered Brunfelsia yana daya daga cikin wakilan manyan kwayoyin halitta. Tana da ganye mai kauri zuwa 10 cm tsayi, ana fentin cikin duhu kore. Furanni ya kai diamita na 2.5 - 3 cm kuma girma ɗaya a lokaci guda. Launinsu ya bambanta daga lilac zuwa launin shuɗi ko kusan fari.
Gasar hoto-mai siffa game da bishiyar bishiyar brunfelsia yana da fasalin corolla na musamman - a cikin nau'in kofin mai zurfi, daga abin da dan kadan wavy petals peek out. Matsakaicin furanni ya kai cm 5. Tsawon adadin fure yana daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris.
Ra'ayin Australiya game da brunfelsia shi ne mafi daidaituwa da m. Tana da manyan furanni har zuwa 6 cm a diamita, wanda ke yalwatacce saman bishiyar.
Dense-floured iri-iri na brunfelsia ne mai wuya a cikin gida floriculture. Babban fasalin daji shine ganye mai tsawo da kunkuntar. Manyan furanni sun kai diamita na 14 cm. “An dakatar da 'inflorescences" akan dogo mai tsayi. Tsarin launi na fure ya fara daga m zuwa fari.
Babban ra'ayi-game da Brunfelsia ko grandiflora karkashin yanayi mai kyau na iya yin fure daga bazara zuwa kaka. Furanni masu fure ne kuma suna iya canza inuwa launi cikin kwanaki 3-4.
Dubi hotunan nau'in bishiyar Brunfelsia da aka bayar a labarin da ke ƙasa:
Kulawar Brunfelsia: shayarwa, hadi da dasawa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanayin bishiyoyi masu girma suna da sauƙi. Brunfelsia fi son ɗakuna masu haske, masu amfani da rana. A lokacin rani, dole ne a sami inuwa daga hasken rana mai haske. Zai fi kyau sanya shuka a kan windows na yamma da gabas.
Zazzabi a lokacin rani shine 20-25 ° С, a cikin hunturu - 10-12 ° С. Furen ba ya tsoron zafi, amma yana da matuƙar rashin kyau don shigar azancin sanyi, saboda al'adun tsire-tsire ne na wurare masu zafi.
Watara Brunfelsia mai sauƙi ne. Rage na yau da kullun a lokacin rani, matsakaici a cikin hunturu. Ba ya buƙatar fesawa. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙaunar danshi wanda ke buƙatar sashin ƙasa na mako-mako tare da laushi, ruwa mai tsafta a zazzabi a ɗakin. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a kula da danshi na turɓayar ƙasa yayin fure da aiki girma. A cikin lokacin sanyi, zai fi kyau a rage yawan yin amfani da ruwa sau 1.5-2. Yawan danshi da ƙarancin zafin jiki na iya haifar da lalata tushen tsarin.
Don cikakken ci gaba, inji yana buƙatar sako-sako da ƙasa mara nauyi. A cakuda takardar da ƙasa turf, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1: 1 cikakke. Amsar ya kamata ya zama mai acidic (pH 5.5-6.8). A matsayin akwati don dasa shuki, ya fi kyau a bayar da fifiko ga manya da manyan tukwane. Wannan itace itaciya ce babba, tana bukatar fili don girma. Babban yanayin lokacin dasa shuki fure shine tsabtataccen magudanar ruwa tare da kauri na akalla 2 cm don cire yawan danshi.
Kula da Brunfelsia a gida ya ƙunshi irin wannan mahimmancin mahimmanci kamar riguna na sama. Wannan ya zama dole don cikakken ci gaba na daji. A lokacin girma da furanni, ana ciyar da su kowace kwana 10 tare da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai. Za'a iya siyan gauraya takin zamani a kowane shagon musamman.
Juya zuwa shekaru 4 a shekara, sannan kowace shekara 2-3. Ana sabunta aikin sama sama kafin a fara kakar girma.
Yadda za a tushen Brunfelsia: hanyoyin haifuwa
Shayar yaduwa za'a iya yi ta hanyoyi da dama:
- Apical cuttings ta amfani da girma stimulants.
- Zai yiwu tsaba.
Rage fure mai fure a cikin ruwan ganye shine hanya mafi sauƙaƙa don yaduwa. Don yin wannan, yanke tsari mai tsauri na daji. Ana iya yin aikin mafi kyau tare da wuka mai kaifi ko kuma waɗanda ke cikin lambu. Don germination, girma girma harbe su dace, da internodes wanda aka lasafta a cikin adadin fiye da guda uku a misali. Yankunan da suka dace suna narkewa a cikin bayani mai ban sha'awa na awa 1, sannan a dasa cikin cakuda ƙasa mai kyau. Bayan wannan, yana da matukar muhimmanci a shayar da seedling kuma a rufe shi da polyethylene mai yawa ko an yanke ƙasa daga kwalban filastik. Tushen farko ya kamata ya yi girma a cikin watanni 5-6. Har zuwa wannan lokacin zai fi kyau idan tsire-tsire ya kasance a cikin ɗan ƙaramin greenhouse.
Babu wani abu mai wahala game da dasa furewar Brunfelsia tare da tsaba. A saboda wannan, kayan shuka suna warwatse a kan ƙasa mai ɗishi peat, sannan an ƙirƙiri gidan girke-girke na gida. Kuna iya yin ta amfani da kayan da aka ƙayyade a cikin hanyar da ta gabata. Spraying ne yake aikatawa kowane sauran rana. Alamar tushen za ta bayyana a tsakanin watanni 4-6 masu zuwa. Bayan wannan, ana buƙatar dasa dashi cikin ƙananan tukwane.
Kwari da cututtuka na Brunfelsia
Ana ba da hoto da kwatancin cututtukan fure na Brunfelsia a ƙasa. Mafi mashahuri karin kwari na daji su ne:
Garkuwa.
Aphids.
Mealybug.
Farar fata
Spider mite.
A gaban alamun farko na bayyanar waɗannan ƙwayoyin, ya zama dole don gudanar da hanya tare da masu lalata ta musamman. Don ko da mafi girman tasirin magani, yana da kyau a gudanar da wani magani tare da soapy da ruwa, sannan a cire kwari tare da kashe kwari ko fatar fulawa (18-20 saukad da lita 1 na ruwa).
Itace na Brunfelsia na picky, saboda kulawa mara kyau, na iya fuskantar cututtuka da dama:
Tushen rot.
Chlorosis na ganyayyaki.
Rotting of the root system yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsanancin rigar da ke cikin kasa ko kuma rashin magudanar da ta dace. Lokacin da irin wannan cutar ta bayyana, yana da kyau maye gurbin cakuda ƙasa tare da fure, cire hanyoyin da aka juya kuma samar da rata iska a cikin tukunyar. Zai dace a rage shayarwa yayin gyaran.
A gaban cutar ta biyu daga jerin abubuwan da ke sama, babbar alama ita ce discoloration da fadowa daga faranti ganye. Wata cuta tana tasowa tare da take hakkin sakin chlorophyll a cikin tsiro. Don hana abin da ya faru da yaduwar chlorosis, ya kamata mutum ya zaɓi substrate na gina jiki daidai, ciyar da furen a kai a kai tare da takaddun ma'adinan ma'adinai kuma lura da acidity na ƙasa.
