Itataccen ciyayi ko bishiyar scoopia (Cotinus) wakili ne na dangin sumac. A yanayi, ana iya samun irin wannan shuka a wuraren da ke da yanayin yanayi a Eurasia da gabashin gabashin Amurka. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada nau’ikan 2 ne kawai. Bafaransheen J. Tournefort, wanda dan botanist ne kuma likita, ya kira wannan tsiro "cotinus", a tsohuwar Girka ana kiranta zaitun daji. Irin wannan bishiyar ta girma a Duniya tuni a zamanin tsohuwar duniyar, tabbas wannan na iya bayanin gaskiyar cewa tana da sunaye da yawa, misali: Fenetik sumy, wig daji, yellowness, itace tanning, itace smoky, da dai sauransu A yau, ana shuka irin wannan shuka a a kan sikelin masana'antu, ana amfani dashi azaman tushen fizegin (fenti don ulu, fata da siliki a cikin ruwan leɗi da rawaya). Ana amfani da itace mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi na scoopia don yin kayan ƙira, kuma ana amfani da furen don fata fata. Hakanan, wannan tsiro yana girma kamar fure mai ado, yana adon shi da gonar sa.
Siffofin Skumpy
Takalmin fata ko sutturar hannu gama gari itace shukakken itace da aka dasa wanda ya kai tsayin santimita 150-300 ko kuma itace mai tsayi na tsawon mita biyar tare da laima mai faffadar mabuƙata mai faɗi. Haushi mai launin shuɗi ne launin ruwan kasa. Bare haske ja ko kore mai tushe yayin hutu ruwan lemu mai narkewa. Sauƙaƙan faranti na ganye mai ɗumbin launuka na siffar obovate na iya zama mai ƙare ko guda ɗaya. An fentin su cikin launin ja ko launin shuɗi, wanda a cikin kaka yakan sami launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Paananan furanni masu launin furanni sune ɓangare na ƙyalli mai ban tsoro na inflorescences, yana kaiwa tsawon 0.3 m. Ana yin fure a scoopia a watan Mayu ko Yuni, a lokacin da sandunan suke da elongated, kuma wani haske mai dogon jan launi mai haske ya bayyana akan farfajiyar su, godiya ga wannan zaku iya tunani cewa shuka an rufe shi a cikin kodadde ja hazo. 'Ya'yan itacen itace ƙaramin ƙarau mai tsayi tare da dogon ɗakin kwana. 'Ya'yan itacen da suka' yandaɗa sun zama baƙi. Mamoji zai iya rayuwa na tsawon shekara 100.
Saukowa daga scoopia a bude ƙasa
Wani lokaci don shuka
Idan an sayi seedlings tare da tushen tushen rufaffiyar, to, za a iya dasa su a kowane lokaci na shekara, ba shakka, ban da lokacin hunturu. Koyaya, ma'aurata abubuwa biyu yakamata ayi la'akari dasu. Mackerel yana da tsawon lokacin ciyayi dangane da wannan, idan a cikin daminar an dasa shi latti, to da wuya kawai zai sami lokacin daidaitawa da shirya wa damuna. Idan ana yin wannan hanyar a ƙarshen bazara, to, dasa seedling a cikin sabon wuri kuma zai zama da wahala saboda tsananin zafi. Wurin don irin wannan shuka yakamata a zaɓi sarari, mai rana da samun kariya daga iska na iska, amma kuma za'a iya girma cikin ƙaramin inuwa. Mafi dacewa shine permeable, haske, alkaline ko ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, amma ana iya girma scumpia a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi ko ƙasa mai acidic, har ma a kan dutse. Koyaya, lokacin zabar wani yanki don dasa shuki, yakamata ayi la'akari da cewa ƙananan wurare ko wuraren da ke da kusancin ruwan ƙasa bazai yi aiki ba, tunda irin wannan shuka yana ɗaukar mummunar cutar ta kwararar ruwa a cikin tushen tsarin.
Siffofin ƙasa
Awanni 24 kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a cire seedlings daga cikin akwati kuma a sa tsarin tushen su cikin ruwa. Kafin dasa shuki, ana bincika tushen tushe sosai, kuma zai zama dole don yanke bushe ko tushen rashin lafiya, to kuna buƙatar kula da sassan tare da kashe-kashe, sannan ku yayyafa su da gawayi. Girman dasa fossa ya kamata ya zama ya fi girma girma fiye da girman tsarin seedling. Ba kwa buƙatar ƙara takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa ko amfani da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman, saboda scoopia zai ɗauki tushen da sauri cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Da farko, zuba ruwa 20 na ruwa a cikin ramin kuma jira har sai ya sha duka. Sa'an nan kuma an jefa ƙasa kaɗan a ciki don kafa tuddai, wanda aka kafa seedling. Lokacin da aka daidaita Tushen a hankali, dole ne a cika ramin cike da ƙasa, wanda aka haɗa a hankali. Ya dasa dasa skumpy ya kamata a shayar sosai. A cikin sabon ƙwayar da aka shuka, tushen wuya ya kamata ya tashi sama da ƙasa ƙasa ta 20-30 mm, lokacin da aka shayar da shuka, zai kasance daidai da ƙasa.
Kula da Ciwon kai
Yin shuka da shuka irin wannan tsiron yayi sauki. Kwanan nan bushes dasa bishiyoyi suna buƙatar m ruwa mai yawa da yawa har sai sun sami tushen kafe. Watering na girma bushes ne da za'ayi ne kawai a lokacin da akwai bukatar shi, yayin da ya kamata a rare, amma yalwatacce. Ka tuna cewa skumpia baya jure yanayin tururi a cikin tsarin sa. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi sosai, ana bada shawara don rufe da'irar gangar jikin tare da ciyawa, wannan zai rage yawan shayarwa. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau a kan rukunin yanar gizon, to, za a ciyar da tsire-tsire. Lokacin da lokacin girma ya fara, scoopia zai buƙaci takin mai magani na nitrogen, daga rabin na biyu na lokacin bazara, zai zama dole a yi amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium don ciyarwa. Wannan tsire-tsire yana amsa da kyau ga takin zamani da takin gargajiya. A yayin taron cewa ƙasa a kan shafin yana cike da kayan abinci, tabbas bazai yiwu ku ciyar da sumpia ba.
Turawa
Don al'ada haɓaka da skumpy, zai buƙaci wanda ba a buƙata shi ba amma an shirya shi sosai. Ana aiwatar dasu tare da mita na 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2 zuwa 3 a kusa da Mayu, ya zama dole ya zama cikin lokaci kafin kodan ya buɗe. A yayin wannan aikin, wajibi ne don yanke rassan da suka ji rauni kuma suka lalata ta hanyar sanyi, haka ma ya zama dole don samar da irin kayan kwalliya a lokaci guda. A cikin matasa bushes, mai shekara-shekara mai tushe suna taqaitaccen by 2/3, yayin da tsofaffin harbe za a iya yanke zuwa dungu idan ana so. Tare da tsari na tsari da ingantaccen iri na shuka, ciyawar zata zama mai girma, yayin da ganye zai zama babba kuma mai launi.
Gudun ruwa
Blooming skumpiya ne kawai abin ban mamaki gani. Wannan inji yana kama da iska kuma mai taushi. Idan an girma a cikin wurare masu ɗumi na tsakiyar tsiri, to, a yayin kakar ɗaya zai yi fure da yawa. Cirrus paniculate inflorescences ya ƙunshi launuka masu launin fata ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi. An lura da farkon fure a watan Mayu, kuma mai zuwa - a cikin rabi na biyu na lokacin bazara.
Cutar da kwari
Wannan inji mai matukar tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Koyaya, a lokuta da ƙarancin yanayi, ɗan ƙaramin ƙwayar pistachio, irin ƙwaro irin ganye, da kuma ganyen-ganyen ganye. Don lalata waɗannan kwari, dole ne a kula da daji da ya shafa tare da Decis ko Karbofos.
Tsaran Harkokin hunturu
Matasa bushes bukatar m tsari na hunturu. Koyaya, da farko, kuna buƙatar cika da'irar kusa-kusa tare da lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa (humus ko peat) kuma wannan ya kamata a aikata ba tare da la'akari da ko tsohuwar succumb ta girma ko saurayi ba. Abu na gaba, kuna buƙatar ɗaure ƙananan bushes tare da rassan spruce, amma masana sun ba da shawarar rufe su gaba ɗaya tare da kayan da ba saka ba. Itatattun tsirrai da aka saba da su domin yin kiwo a tsakiyar layin ba sa buƙatar tsari na hunturu
Kula da skumpiya a cikin gari
Idan kun girma scumpia kuna neman yankin Moscow, to ya kamata kuyi hankali da kusancin zaɓin nau'in tsire-tsire da iri-iri, haka kuma kuna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga shuka lokacin shirya shi don hunturu. Don namo scoopia a cikin kewayen birni da Moscow ana bada shawara:
- zaɓi nau'in da iri-iri waɗanda ke da tsayayya da hunturu sosai;
- don samun wadancan seedlingsan itacen a cikin wuraren ciwancin da ya tsira bayan nasarar winen daya ko biyu;
- zabi wuri don saukowa, kariya daga iskar da iska da kwarkwata;
- Don rufe matasa bushes ga 'yan farkon winters.
Iri da nau'ikan fure tare da furen ganye suna bayyana mafi girman juriya. Guda iri ɗaya waɗanda ke da ɗanɗano masu launin shuɗi suna iya fama da tsananin sanyi a lokacin hunturu mara duhu, yayin da daji ke sanyawa zuwa matakin dusar ƙanƙara. Koyaya, a lokacin girma, shuka yana da ikon murmurewa gabaɗaya, amma a wannan shekara bazai yi fure ba.
Yaduwa da scoopia
Kuna iya yaduwar scoopia a cikin zuriya (hanyar), da kuma ta hanyar ciyayi - ta hanyar farawa, yanka da harbe.
Yadda ake girma daga zuriya
Masu sana'a galibi suna girma scoopia daga tsaba. Riparuitan itace na faruwa a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, bayan an fitar da tsaba daga gare su. Don shuka shuka, dole ne a shirya tsaba, suna buƙatar madaidaicin watanni uku ko huɗu, don wannan an sanya su a wani wuri tare da yawan zafin jiki na 3 zuwa 5. An rufe tsaba a cikin harsashi mai ƙarfi wanda ba ya barin ruwa ya ratsa ta, kuma yana da matukar wahala ka iya fashewa ta hanyar toho ta ciki. Dangane da wannan, kafin aika tsaba don daidaitawa, dole ne a sa musu rauni. Don yin wannan, dole ne a narkar da tsaba a cikin sulfuric acid na uku na awa daya, wanda zai sa murfin ya kwance kuma ya narke. A yayin da ake shuka tsaba kafin hunturu nan da nan bayan an girbe, to ya kamata a ɗauka ba za a daidaita su ba. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a cikin hunturu za su sha wahala na halitta. Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude take a cikin bazara ko kaka, yayin da suke buƙatar zurfafa cikin 20 mm kawai. Amfanoni na hunturu basa buƙatar rufe su. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko zasu bayyana watanni 12 bayan shuka.
Yankan
Girma kore cuttings ne da za'ayi a watan Yuni, to, suna nutsar da dukan dare a cikin wani bayani na heteroauxin. Ya kamata a yi dasa shuki da safe, yayin da yakamata a yi a sama da akwati tare da yan itace. Abubuwan da suka dace don tushen sun haɗa da yashi, peat da ƙasar sod (1: 1: 1). Kar ka manta da su a iska su sanya iska a hankali, su kuma samar masu da matsakaici amma akai ruwa (ana bada shawara a fesa su daga mai sprayer). Tushen bishiyar yakamata ya bayyana bayan kwanaki 20, amma yakamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa bisa ga ƙididdiga, 3 daga cikin 10 ne kawai suka samo tushe.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
A lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kara da ke girma kusa da ƙasa. Bayan haka, a bangon sa na sama, an sanya karkara mai nisan nesa ba kusa da gindi. Wannan tushe dole ne a lanƙwasa zuwa saman ƙasa kuma gyara shi a wannan matsayin. Don haka kuna buƙatar jefa shi tare da ƙasa a cikin ɓangaren inda akwai lalacewa. Duk tsawon lokacin girma, kar a manta da shayar da keɓaɓɓen cikin yanayin da ya dace, ware shi daga daji na iyaye bayan cikakke tushen, sannan kuma tura shi zuwa wurin dindindin.
Iri da nau'ikan scoopia tare da hotuna da sunaye
A cikin wannan asalin, akwai jinsuna 2 kawai, sune: amyloid na american da amyloid na yau da kullun.
Mackerel gama gari, ko sikelin fata (Cotinus coggygria)
A cikin yanayi, ana iya samun wannan nau'in skulpy a ƙasan dutsen kudu na Himalayas, a cikin Crimea, Asiaaramar Asia, China, Rum da Caucasus. Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar da aka saka itace na iya bambanta daga santimita 150 zuwa 300. A wasu halaye, wannan nau'in ana wakilta ta bishiyoyi, wanda tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 5 mita, an rufe su da kwalliyar scaly, ana fentin launin ruwan kasa, mai tushe mai tushe na iya zama ja ja ko kore, akwai kuma a kai a kai, yawanci baki ɗaya, amma wasu lokuta dan kadan an ba da fararen ganye Faifan nesa ko ƙyallen sifa, tsayin su kusan santimita 7 ne. In mun gwada da manyan, amma akwai saukin kamannin pan pan-dimbin yawa ya kai mita 0.3 a tsayi, sun kunshi furanni masu yawa na launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙaramin bushe ne. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fannoni guda biyu, wadanda suka fi shahara a cikinsu sune: ganye mai launin ja, hawaye da creeping Fayilolin ganye tare da ganyen kore suna da juriya na hunturu in an kwatanta da ja-gyaɗa. Wannan lambu dole ne a tuna da wadancan lambu da suke son shiga cikin tsarin narkar da sikelin a cikin kewayen gari. Amma ba duk nau'in ganye-ja da juriya na sanyi ba. Mafi mashahuri iri:
- Yarinya matasa. Tsawon irin wannan shuka zai iya kaiwa zuwa centimita 400. Launin launin ganye kore ne, inflorescences ya kunshi furanni, wanda a ƙarshe ya canza launin kore zuwa cream, da kirim, bi da bi, zuwa ruwan hoda. Yawan rayuwar wannan tsirrai na iya bambanta daga shekaru 40 zuwa 60.
- Alheri. Wannan ciyawar tana da kuzari, kuma a tsayi tana iya kaiwa santimita 500. Babban faranti mai siffar launuka masu laushi a tsawon su sun kai 5 santimita, ana fentin su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda a cikin damin kaka ya canza launin toka. Babban inflorescences conical ya kai tsawon santimita 20; sun kunshi furanni masu ruwan shuɗi.
- M Mackerel (Purpurea). Tsawon tsirrai ya kai mita 7-8. Furenn furanninsa da faranti na ganye shuɗi ne kuma suna da aikin fure.
- Ruhun Zinare. Fararren fararen ganye tare da gefen kuma veins suna da tintaccen orange. Lokacin da girma a cikin m inuwa, cikin ganyayyaki juya greenish rawaya. A cikin kaka, ganye suka fara zama sannu-sannu an rufe shi da ruwan-orange ja. A cikin kaka, wannan nau'ikan yana da ban mamaki sosai saboda gaskiyar cewa ana fentin ɗan itacensa a wasu launuka na "kaka" daga launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
- Sarauniya Mai Kyau. Wannan iri-iri ana nuna shi ta hanyar jinkirin girma. Tsawonta zai iya kaiwa zuwa santimita 150. Yada kambi yana da nau'i mai zagaye. Manyan ganye a lokacin rani masu launin shuɗi ne, kuma a cikin bazara suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furannin furanni suna da silvery sheen. Shekarun tsirrai na shuka kusan shekara 70 ne.
Amurka mackerel (Cotinus americanus), ko obovate (Cotinus obovatus), ko suman zaitun (Rhus cotinoiides)
Wannan ba itace babba sosai ba a tsakiyar matsakaitattun tsayi ba su kai santimita 500 ba. Fararen faranti masu launin kore cike da tsawon su kimanin santimita 12, wanda kusan sau 2 girman girman ganyen magarya. Amma tsawon inflorescences na wannan nau'in bai wuce santimita 15 ba, ana fentin su da launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi-kore. Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce kudu maso gabashin ƙasar Amurka (Texas, Tennessee da Alabama). A wa annan wurare, ana kiran wannan itaciyar a matsayin amurka a cikin amurka, wacce ke fassara “itacen shan sigari na Amurka.” Ba a amfani da wannan nau'in a masana'antar fata, kuma irin wannan shuka ba ya da launi mai launin shuɗi, amma yana da bayyanar ado. Babban ciyayi a lokacin kaka yakan canza launin zuwa launin ja, kuma daji ta zama kamar wuta mai cin wuta. A cikin kasashen Turai, a wannan lokacin, irin wannan scoopia ba shi da mashahuri sosai, duk da cewa yana da tsayayyen sanyi. Zai iya wahala a cikin hunturu kawai daga tsananin sanyi. Ya kamata kuma ku san cewa wannan tsire-tsire ne wanda ba a tsara shi wanda ba ya gabatar da buƙatu na musamman kan yanayin girma.
