Itace mai ban mamaki wanda ya dace da kowane ɗakin shine Falmbrist (Schlumbergera). Ana kuma kiranta zygocactus, Schlumbergera, Itace Kirsimeti, sunan mutane - cactus Kirsimeti. Wannan inji na gida ne na gama gari akan windowsills namu. Rozhdestvennik abu ne mai ma'ana sosai, amma ba duk masu noman furanni ba zasu iya samun cikakkiyar fure. Yadda za a kula da wannan shuka sosai a gida, karanta wannan labarin.
Schlumbergera (Decembrist).
Babban bayani game da decembrist
Wurin haifuwa na decembrist shine daskararren gandun daji na gabashin Brazil. Wannan keɓaɓɓe ne (zaune akan dogayen bishiyun) murtsunguwa, tare da ɗakunan lebur mai laushi, wanda ya ƙunshi sassan ɗakin kwana mai yawa da hakora 2-4 tare da gefuna.
Yawancin furanni na matsakaici matsakaici ruwan hoda, furanni ja, ci gaba a ƙarshen gidajen abinci. Yana blooms a watan Disamba da Janairu. A lokacin budding, wanda zai fara a ƙarshen ƙarshen Oktoba, kar ku taɓa kuma ku dasa shuka don hana faduwa budadden; a lokaci guda, kyakkyawan shayarwa, fesar ruwa da kuma sanya miya a cikin tsari na gurbatattun hanyoyin magance matsaloli suna da muhimmanci. Bayan fure, an rage ruwa, shuka ta huta.
Kula da bukatun girma
Wurin. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar rarraba ko nuna hasken rana. Don ingantaccen haɓaka, Mai ɗaukar haske ya dace da haske daga 75% zuwa 85% na hasken rana. Anaruwar haske yana iya haifar da haɓaka da / ko rawaya (chlorosis) na gefuna mai tushe. An fi sanya tsire-tsire kusa da taga rana a cikin inuwa mai haske daga labule ko wasu tsire-tsire.
Frambrists suna da cikakken haƙuri game da zazzabi. Za su tsira daga yanayin zafi daga + 2 ° C zuwa + 38 ° C. Koyaya, tsire-tsire za su yi kyau sosai a tsakanin kewayon + 18 ° C zuwa + 30 ° C.
Haske Haske mai haske.
Watse. Decembrists ba su da tsami kamar sauran nau'ikan cacti. Suna bukatar kusan iri guda tsarin mulki kamar yadda deciduous shuke-shuke.
Ya kamata a shayar da decembrist a lokacin da babban tukunya a cikin tukunya ya bushe. Magudanar ruwa a cikin tukunyar zai ba da damar wucewar ruwa ta kwarara ta ramin da ke ƙasa, wanda zai hana hana ruwa shiga.
Manyan miya. Bukatar Schlumberger ciyar ba ta da ƙaranci. A lokacin da girma a cikin greenhouses, saman miya ne da za'ayi sau ɗaya a mako. A gida, ana yin sutturar miya sau 2 a shekara. Noma ya zama mai ingancin ruwa mai narkewa na nitrogen tare da daidaita potassium da phosphorus da karamin adadin sauran abubuwan.
Haɗin da aka daidaita daidai na 20-20-20 (N-P-K) ya fi dacewa. Hatta shayar da mai kwance a cikin ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da gishiri mai narkewa. Koyaya, babban miya ya kamata a dakatar da wata daya kafin samuwar buds.
Jin zafi. Matsakaici.
Halita. Pinching sassan ɓangarorin da mai tushe na Decembrist yana inganta siffar shuka. Ana bada shawara don yin wannan bayan fure. Wajibi ne don zaɓar wurin rabuwa, riƙe maɓallin ƙaramin tushe tsakanin yatsan ma'ana da yatsa na hannu ɗaya, kuma a rarraba babba a sama tare da motsi mai juyawa. Saboda haka, kashi ɗaya ko biyu na kowane tushe ya kamata a rabu. Karka taɓa yanke sassan!
Chingora da maƙarƙashiya yana da sakamako biyu. Da fari dai, blooming zai zama yalwatacce. Abu na biyu, an kafa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana iya ɗaukar furanni masu yawa.
Zygocactus da aka kafa sosai kuma yana da doguwar rayuwa. Wasu zygocactus sun yi girma har suka girma shekaru 20 ko fiye. Kara daga cikin shuka aka lignified lokacin wannan lokacin.
Ta hanyar grafting zaka iya samun daidaitaccen nau'i na decembrist, lokacin da ba'a saba yin fure ba. A matsayin jari (ana shuka itace a kai wanda ake girka su), ana amfani da ganyen peirescia. An yanke saman Peirescia tare da wuka mai kaifi, a saman ragowar karar an yanka dan kadan tare da wuka kuma an saka maɓallin 2-3 na zygocactus cikin tsaga. Enulla tare da doguwar dunƙule ko ƙarfi na Peirescia kuma an ɗaura shafin alurar tare da zaren woolen. Lokacin da sassan suka girma tare, an cire ganye a peirescia, kuma an cire bandeji. Lokacin da zygocactus ya bunkasa kambi, dole ne a ɗaura shi da fegi don hana fashewa.
A cikin al'adun ƙasa, yana girma cikin cakuda turf da ƙasa mai ganye da aka haɗe da yashi (1: 1: 1), wani lokacin ana ƙara peat (1 ɓangare) ko girma a cikin peat ɗaya.
Juyawa. Zigocactus ya kamata a dasa shi kafin farkon girma, har zuwa lokacin buduwa.
Kasar gona. Zigocactus yayi girma mafi kyau a cikin Organic peat kasa. Soilasa ta zama mai haske da nutsuwa don kaurace wa cututtuka da kwari. Kasa shawarar acidity a cikin kewayon 5.5 zuwa 6.5 ana bada shawara.
Schlumbergera (Mai watsa labarai)Kalanda Kulawar Zigocactus
Hunturu. A watan Disamba da Janairu, zigocactus zaiyi farin ciki da furanninta, mai kama da kararrawa, amma tare da filayen da aka nuna. A kai a kai ruwa a jallo ya sanya takaddun da aka tsara don cacti. Karka taɓa motsa zygocactus. A watan Fabrairu, sannu a hankali rage shayarwa kuma ci gaba da shuka a cikin daki mai sanyi. Wannan lokacin da ake kira hutawa zai kasance har zuwa ƙarshen Maris.
Lokacin bazara. A ƙarshen Afrilu ko Mayu, za a iya yada zygocactus kuma a yada shi. Dankin yana da sauƙin yaduwa ta sassa na tushe, wanda ya ƙunshi bangarori da yawa. Dry da cuttings na decembrist na kwanaki 2-3, har sai wani fim mai gilashi mai fitila a farfajiya na yanke. Daga nan sai a dasa a cikin ƙasa ta musamman.
Cakuda kasar gona don zigocactus ya kamata ya ƙunshi takarda, ƙasar sod da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Aara ƙaramin adadin gawayi da aka murƙushe a cikin cakuda da aka shirya. Kafin dasa shuki a gindin tukunya, sanya tsakuwar yumbu mai shimfidawa don magudanar ruwa.
Schlumberger “Witin Eva" (Decembrist).
Lokacin rani. Zai fi kyau ɗaukar zigocactus zuwa iska mai tsabta, alal misali, sanya shi a baranda. Itace tana buƙatar hasken wuta, saboda haka kare ta daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ruwa mai lalata ma'aurata da ruwa mai laushi kamar yadda ƙasa take bushewa.
Fadowa. Ana shirya Decembrist kafin fure. A hankali rage yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, kuma sake shirya zygocactus a cikin wuri mai sanyi (gwada tabbatar da cewa yawan zafin jiki bai wuce 10-14 ° C ba). Coolness da iyakance watering inganta cin gaban buds. A Nuwamba, lokacin da buds suka fara nunawa, kara yawan ruwa kuma canja wurin shuka zuwa wurin da yake da zafi (zazzabi aƙalla 15 ° C).
Yaɗa ƙwaƙwalwa
Propagated da cuttings da 2-3 sassan. Yawanci, mban itacen ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa ana samun sauƙi a kowane lokaci na shekara. Yankunan, bayan yankan, an ɗanyi bushe kaɗan kuma an sanya su, ba tare da zurfafa ba, akan ƙasa mai laushi. Kuna iya rufe saman tare da gilashin gilashi, ba mantawa ta lokaci-lokaci.
A kowane hali, yawan tukunyar tukunya ko wani akwati don dasa Falmbrist bai kamata ya wuce girman tushen tsarin ba a cikin hanyar fadada, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa wani wuri a cikin tukunyar zai dauki magudanar ruwa. Idan murtsunguwa ba shi da lafiya, to, jita-jita ya kamata ya zama kaɗan a girma fiye da ƙarar tsarin tushen.
A ƙarshen fure, tsire-tsire sau da yawa suna kama da mummunan. Wasu daga tsire-tsire masu fure suna kama da ƙyar. Masu ilimin Botanists sunce shukar da aka shuka na Schlumberger baya nufin tsiron ya bukaci ruwa, amma kuma cewa ya yi asalinsu, ko kuma wani dan abin damuwa ya shafe shi. Tryoƙarin murɗa wata tsiron shuka, kuma idan tushen sa ya juya, zai kasance mai sauƙi daga cikin ƙasa. Idan tushen Decembrist yana cikin kwanciyar hankali, sanya shuka a wani wuri mai duhu kuma rage ruwa.
Musamman al'adu bukatun
Don samuwar furanni, wannan gidan buɗe ido yana buƙatar cikar wasu takamaiman yanayi waɗanda ba su da bambanci ga danginsa na kusanci, misali:
- Schlumberger yana buƙatar yanayi mai laima, amma ba sa son m danshi a cikin tukunya, musamman idan aka yi sanyi;
- Yin feshin ruwa akai-akai, wanke-ruwa akai-akai karkashin wani rafi na ruwan dumi suna da amfani;
- tushe na yau da kullun da kuma saman kayan kwalliya na decembrist tare da raunin mayar da hankali na takaddun takaddun ma'adinai ana bada shawarar;
- Ba ya ƙaunar sanyi ko zafi.
- An kafa kambi na decembrist ta hanyar cire tsayi mai tsayi da kuma ungranched (pruning a ginin sashi);
- a lokacin buduwa ba shi yiwuwa a canza yanayin shuka shuka (sake shirya, sauya yanayin ban ruwa, zazzabi).
Cututtuka da kwari na Schlumberger
Schlumbergera suna fama da cututtukan fungal da kwari. Daga cututtukan fungal, Schlumbergeras galibi yana fama da Fusarium, Phytium da kuma ƙarshen blight.
Cutar na farko tana faruwa ne musamman yayin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar raunuka akan saman mai tushe. Don magance shi, ana amfani da fungicides, wanda ya haɗa da abubuwa masu aiki na chlorothalonil da benomyl.
Phytium da marigayi Blight suna canjawa wuri tare da ƙasa mai kamuwa da cuta kuma ya shafa, da farko, tushen wuya. Mafi bayyanannen alamar cutar ita ce lalacewar taro, warƙar da shuka yake cikin ƙasa mai jika. Furen na iya zama launin toka ko launin toka a launi. Don neman magani, zaku iya amfani da magunguna kamar su "Skor", "Topaz", "Maxim" da "Vitaros".
Daga cikin kwari, da shuka ke barazanar gizo-gizo mites. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan arachnids ne, masu kama da digo mai motsi a hankali na launin ja, launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Shuka ta zama mai taushi. Don magance waɗannan kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman akan firam “Neoron”, “Actellik”, “Fitoverm”.
Idan farin yatsun auduga sun bayyana a tsakanin harbe-harben the decembrist, wannan yana nuna cewa mealybug ya bugi Schlumberger. Don magance wannan m, "Aktara" ya dace, da kuma wasu magunguna daga kwari.
Muna da Falmbrist wanda yake girma a shekara ta 2, amma, abin mamaki shine, bai riga ya yi fure ba, yana barin kyawawan ganye, amma baya bayar da furanni. Kuna da wannan shuka na cikin gida a fure?
