Phlox

Irin wannan tsire-tsire herbaceous kamar phlox (Phlox) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da dangi cyanosis (Polemoniaceae). Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada kusan nau’ikan 70, yayin da kusan nau’ikan nau’ikan 40 ke nomawa. Phlox ya fara girma a cikin kasashen Turai a tsakiyar karni na 18. A yau, godiya ga masu shayarwa, kusan nau'ikan furanni dubu 1,5 sun fito. Daga Girkanci, phlox an fassara shi a matsayin harshen wuta. Don haka an shuka wannan tsire-tsire mai suna K. Linnaeus a cikin 1737, kuma wannan shine, saboda a cikin wasu nau'in phlox, furanni suna da launi mai cikakken launi. A karkashin yanayin halitta, ana iya samun irin waɗannan furanni a Arewacin Amurka. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa yanayin waɗancan wuraren yana da matsananciyar ƙarfi, an dasa shuka da rashin kulawa da mahimmanci. Kuma furanni a cikin phlox suna da kamshi sosai, kuma fure take da tsawo.

Fasali na Phlox

Phloxes na koda nau'in guda ɗaya na iya bambanta da juna, kuma wannan yana shafar halayen yanayi wanda fure yake girma. Don haka, alal misali, tsirrai waɗanda suke girma a tsawan mita 4,000 baƙi ne kuma suna da ƙanana kaɗan, kawai 5-25 santimita. Rashensu mai tushe yana rufe faranti masu launin ganye. Idan shuka ya girma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, to, yana da daji madaidaiciya, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 30-180. Haka kuma akwai ciyayi. Wadannan tsire-tsire kuma sun bambanta a lokacin furanni. Don haka, akwai farkon (bazara), tsakiya (lokacin bazara), da kuma ƙarshen (lokacin bazara-kaka). Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun nau'ikan iri da madaidaiciya. Ganyayyaki gaba daya masu tsananin zafin gaske suna iya zama elongated-ovoid ko lanceolate-oval. Diamita na furanni ya bambanta daga santimita 2.5 zuwa 4. Suna da siffar murfin toka kuma wani ɓangare ne na hadaddun inflorescence. Don haka, a cikin inflorescence ɗaya na iya zuwa furanni 90. Furen ya kunshi 5 stamens, 5 dan kadan karar robobi, kazalika da kwaro 1. Yawancin nau'in phlox sune perennials. Koyaya, Phlox drummondii phlox da nau'ikan sa da nau'ikan sa ana daukar su duk shekara.

Babban nau'ikan da iri

Phlox annuals

Mafi kyawun shekara shekara phlox wanda aka girma a gonar shine Drummond. Baƙon Ingilishi G. Drummond, wanda masanin ƙasa ne, matafiyi kuma mai ilimin tauhidi, ya kawo shi Ingila daga Texas a 1835. A Ingila, wannan fure ya samo tushe. Flowering a cikin irin wannan shuka yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙare tare da farkon sanyi na farko. Ganyayyaki masu adawa suna da siffar lanceolate-oval. Yankin farin ciki yana da kyau sosai, kuma tsawonsa ya kai santimita 20-30. Launin furanni masu kamshi launin ja ne mai duhu, shuɗi, shunayya, fari da kifin kifi.

Shuke-tsiren wannan nau'in sun kasu gida biyu, wato: manya-manyan fulawa da taurari. Babban phlox Drummond Star (Phlox drummondii cuspidata), a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kai santimita 30-40, kodayake, ana kuma samun ƙarin ƙananan tsire-tsire (har zuwa santimita 12). Itatattun ƙananan filayen suna ba da fure mai haske kamannin wata tauraruwa, a tsakiyar wacce take da peephole. Phlox Drummond manyan-flowered (Phlox drummondii gauraye) - tsayinsa, a matsayin mai mulkin, baya wuce santimita 30. Furancinta sunada girma kuma za'a iya fentin su acikin launuka daban-daban. Amma tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu launin ja sun fi tasiri.

Hakanan ma masu girbe furannin suna raba wadannan tsirrai girmansu cikin tsirarrun dwarf, wanda ya kai girman 15 zuwa 20 santimita, kazalika da manyan-daskararre. Iri da ke da alaƙa da manyan-wuta: Tall mai launin ja, Tall fari da mai ruwan haske mai haske. Daban-daban masu alaƙa da lafuzza dwarf: Chamoa (ruwan hoda), Salmona (kifin), Duniyar dusar ƙanƙara (fari), Isabella (launin rawaya) da Defiance (ja ja). Duk nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in phlox suna da nau'ikan semi-terry da terry. Mafi mashahuri furanni masu fure ne na launuka iri-iri.

Phlox perennial

Farkon nau'in phlox mai alaƙa da perennials shine subulaFuren nata yana farawa a watan Mayu. Shuka kanta tayi matukar gogewa da kuma nuna inganci. A lokacin furanni, an rufe daji gaba ɗaya da furanni, wanda zai iya zama launuka iri-iri daga duhu mai duhu zuwa farin fararen fata. Ganye suna kunkuntar, awl-dimbin yawa, wanda ya rinjayi sunan iri-iri. Irin wannan shuka ya dace da ado tsaunukan tsaunuka, har ma da filayen dutse.

Phlox Bloom bazu Hakanan yana farawa a watan Mayu, amma bayan kwana 7 zuwa 14 sama da nau'in siffar siffar-siffa. Karamin bushes an yi wa ado da kananan furanni-lilac furanni. Wannan nau'in yana ƙaunar haske ƙasa da wanda ya gabata, kuma yana da ƙasa da yawa, amma faɗin girma da ƙananan harbe.

Firgita phlox blooms a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai a tsakanin lambu. Ya na da ganyayyaki kore masu ban sha'awa da manyan inflorescences, sunada kyawawan furanni masu kamshi masu yawa.

Phlox paniculata - godiya ga wannan nau'in, an haɓaka ɗimbin yawa iri daban-daban masu ban sha'awa. Don haka, daga cikinsu, Terry Phlox Tsarkakakkiyar Tsammani yana jin daɗinsa, wanda a cikin manyan inflorescences ya ƙunshi fararen furanni, wani yanki mai launin shuɗi yana gudana a tsakiyar, kuma furannin Lilac suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren. Kayan dabbobin elongated suna dan kadan juya. Daji mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga santimita 70 zuwa 80. Terry Phlox Jin Tashin hankali ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Inflorescences mai kama da rassan fure na fure mai dauke da ƙananan furanni masu launin kore-ruwan hoda. Hakanan, godiya ga masu shayarwa, an haife nau'in sanyi mai sanyi, alal misali, Phlox Orange (Kammalallen Orange, Orange Spat), furanni waɗanda aka zana su a cikin tabarau daban-daban na launuka masu launin ja-orange, waɗanda basa fitarwa lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa hasken rana. Ba su da tsinkaye, ana haifarwa cikin sauƙi kuma suna da bayyananniyar fuska. Mafi mashahuri daga cikin nau'ikan shine Phlox King. Daji mai tsayi na iya kaiwa santimita 100, furanni na irin wannan tsiran sunada girma (diamita game da santimita 4) kuma ana iya fentin ruwan hoda, fari, rasberi, Lilac, da kuma sauran launuka masu launi.

Girma phlox daga tsaba

Tare da namo da ya dace, phlox na fure na iya yin ado ga lambun ku daga bazara zuwa kaka mai sanyi. Hanyar da aka fi sani da yaduwar irin wannan tsire-tsire ita ce tsire-tsire (farashi, yanka da rarraba daji). Koyaya, wasu yan lambu sun fi son yaduwar phlox ta hanyar iri. Sabbin tsaba da aka girbe a cikin kaka suna da dole ne a shuka su a cikin ƙasa a cikin hunturu (a watan Nuwamba ko Disamba). Da farko kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan wurin da za'a shuka waɗannan tsire-tsire shekaru. A yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta rigaya ta faɗi, ya kamata a cire shi daga gadaje kuma kawai a watsa tsaba a farfajiya na ƙasa, ƙoƙarin barin nisan 4-5 cm santin tsakanin tsararran. Bayan haka, ƙaramin (kusan 1-1.5 santimita) na ƙasan da aka gama shafawa a baya dole ne a zuba akan su. Kuma a jefar da shi gaba ɗaya tare da dusar ƙanƙara. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa a cikin shago na musamman ko buga shi a gaba. Seedsa sownan da aka shuka sabo suna da adadin germination kusan kashi 70. Amma tare da farkon bazara, yana rage muhimmanci. A farkon lokacin bazara, harbe na phlox zasu bayyana a gonar. Yakamata a zage su kawai bayan an kafa nau'i biyu na ganye na gaskiya akan su. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai yakamata yakai santimita 20. Dasa irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin ya kamata a aiwatar da su a kan lokaci saboda wannan.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, phloxes, waxanda suke shekara, ana yaduwar su da tsaba. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, ya kamata ku shuka iri, ku bar a tsakiyansu nesa na kusan santimita 3-4. Sannan zaku sha ruwa daga mai toka kuma ya rufe gado da filastik. Bai kamata a shimfiɗa ƙasa ba a kan tsaba, amma wajibi ne don haɓaka mafaka kullun don ɗan lokaci kuma cire sigar da aka kafa. Bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe na farko, ya kamata a cire mafaka.

Dasa kuma kula da tayin shekara-shekara

Yadda ake dasa phlox annuals

An tattauna abubuwan da ke haifar da irin waɗannan tsirrai daga tsaba. Koyaya, akwai yan lambu waɗanda ke tsoron tsohuwar sanyi a cikin bazara, waɗanda zasu iya lalata shuka, saboda haka sun fi son girma seedlings a gida. Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin bazara (a watan Maris). Na farko za a iya ganin seedlings na kwanaki 7 bayan shuka. Matasa harbe bukatar samar da isasshen adadin haske, watering, kazalika da matsakaici yanayin zazzabi. Bayan kwanaki 14-21 bayan fitowar shuka, ya kamata a shuka tsire-tsire. Bayan an yi tsinkayen, ana bada shawarar phlox don inuwa don kwanaki da yawa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ana iya rufe su da zanen jarida ko fim na opaque. Yayinda seedlings ke girma a cikin gidan, ana iya amfani da takin ma'adinai sau 2 ko sau 3 cikin ƙasa, kuma ½ na kashi da aka bada shawarar don girma phlox ya kamata. Don sa daji ya fi girma girma, bayan 4 ko 5 ganye na gaske sun bayyana a kai, ana yin tsunkule.

Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a watan Mayu, yayin da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin da ke tsakanin santimita 15 zuwa 20. Don cin nasara girma phlox, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace. Phlox annuals ba sa tsoron sanyi da fari, suna son haske, amma suna amsawa mara kyau ga zafin rai na asalinsu. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki suna girma a cikin inuwa m. An lura cewa da karfi da yankin mai inuwa, ya fi tsayi wannan shuka zai yi fure, amma flowersananan furanni za su yi girma a kai. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin nau'ikan suna ƙonewa a cikin rana yayin fure. Amma wannan baya barazanar tsire-tsire a cikin inuwa m. Launin furanninsu ya dade har abada. Musamman kyawawan su ne nau'ikan "shuɗi" da ke girma a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa, furanni wanda, lokacin da wutar ba ta da kyau, juya kusan shuɗi. Don dasa phloxes, ana bada shawara don amfani da gadaje masu tsayi, kusa da wanda babu bushes ko bishiyoyi waɗanda ke da tushen tushen saiti.

Irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi humus da yawa. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa shuka na iya mutuwa a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi tare da malalewar mara kyau. Idan kun zaɓi wani shafi da ƙasa mai acidified don dasa, to dole ne a ƙara lemun tsami a ciki. Mafi dacewa da haɓakar irin waɗannan furanni shine yashi mai daɗi, a cikin babu yumɓu. Idan yana da kyau a shayar da tsire-tsire da aka dasa a ciki, to za su yi ƙarfi da kyau. Kafin dasa phlox a cikin loam mai nauyi, takin gargajiya, yashi, da peat dole ne a kara shi. Shirya wani rami mai zurfi sosai don shuka kuma tabbatar da zuba takin, vermicompost ko handful 2 na itacen ash a ciki. Ya kamata a baza Tushen a kwance.

Kulawar Phlox na shekara-shekara

Girma phlox annuals bashi da wahala. Don haka, suna buƙatar sassauta saman Layer na ƙasa sau 6-8 a kowace kakar, a cikin rabin na biyu na lokacin haɓaka mai zurfi, suna buƙatar spud da shuka lokacin da suke kwance, don ingantaccen tsari da sauri na tushen saiti. Hakanan yakamata a saka takin gargajiya da ma'adinan ƙasa. A cikin kwanakin Mayu na ƙarshe ya wajaba don ciyar da phlox tare da taki ruwa a karo na farko (ana ɗaukar 25 g na abu a kowace l 10 na ruwa). Ana yin sutura ta biyu na farkon a cikin kwanakin Yuni na farko, amma a lokaci guda, superphosphate ko gishiri gishiri ya kamata a ƙara a cikin abincin da aka gama ƙurar ruwa. A cikin kwanakin farko na Yuli, taki mai ruwa (ba tare da ƙari ba) ya kamata a shafa ga ƙasa a karo na uku. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli, ya kamata ku ciyar da shuka sau 4, yayin da gishiri gishiri da phosphorus ya kamata a cikin taki.

Yadda ake ruwa

Wajibi ne a samar da tsirrai tsabtataccen ruwa na safe da maraice. Lokacin yin ba da ruwa, yakamata a zuba ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, yayin da lita 15 na ruwa ya kamata ya tafi kowace mita 1 murabba'i. Idan aka zuba phlox tare da ruwan sanyi a rana mai zafi, wannan na iya haifar da fashe harbe-harbe. An ba da shawarar a cire furanni iri iri, saboda su kan zama cikas ga waɗanda ba su yi fure ba.

Cututtuka

Phlox na iya samun variegated. A wannan yanayin, yanayin da ba a saba ba don tsiron da aka bayar ya bayyana a saman ganyayyaki da furanni, wanda ya lalata mahimmancin kayan ado na fure. Ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da ciyawar da ba ta da lafiya, don haka dole ne a haƙa ta kuma lalace. Idan phloxes suka kamu da mildew powdery, to suma zasu buƙaci hallaka. Za ku iya fahimtar cewa furen ba shi da lafiya ta wurin farin zubin da ya bayyana akan ciyawar da harbe-harbe.

Irin wannan shuka zai iya yin rashin lafiya tare da formosis, wanda idan ganyayyaki suka bushe, kuma mai tushe ya zama maras kyau. Don dalilai na rigakafin, wajibi ne don bi da ganye da harbe tare da sulfur colloidal. Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa yayin aiki, yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kamata ya zama sama da digiri 18, haka kuma bai kamata a ba shi izinin samun abubuwa a cikin inflorescences ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar septoria, dige na launin shuɗi launin shuɗi akan farfajiya. Tare da haɓaka cutar, suna ƙaruwa da girma. Dole ne a kula da tsire-tsire mara lafiya tare da ƙwayar Bordeaux, da kuma saman ƙasa a kusa da shi. Bayan rabin wata, ana sake maimaita aiki. Verticillin zai cutar da tsarin tushen tsirrai, amma waɗannan maganganun waɗanda ke girma akan ƙasa acidic suna iya kamuwa da wannan cutar.

Karin kwari

Nean itace tsutsa (tsutsotsin ƙaramar filamentous) na iya sauka a kan tsire, wanda ke tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare ta. A alamar cewa phlox yana da irin wannan kwaro ne mutilated inflorescences, yankakken furanni da thinned harbe. Kwayar cutar da ke kamuwa da ita an haƙa ta kuma lalace (ƙone). Dole ne a kula da ƙasa sau 3 tare da nematides, yayin da ya kamata a kula da tazara tsakanin jiyya na makonni 3.

Ngogo marasa kyau a cikin dare zasu iya cin ganye, furanni, har ma da tushe na harbe. Tsarin kwance ƙasa da kuma ƙazantaccen tsari ne ingantacciya don hana tarkace. Game da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ana bada shawara ga yayyafa ƙasa ƙasa tare da itace ash, lemun tsami mai laushi ko ƙurar taba mai haɗe da toka. Butterflies akan caterpillars foliage za a iya cire da hannu. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ana kula da tsire-tsire daga kwari masu cin ganyayyaki.

Dasa kuma kula da tayin shekara-shekara

Saukowa perennial phlox

Dasa irin wannan phlox yayi kama da wanda ake amfani da shi na shekara. Koyaya, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, zai zama tilas a zuba wani yanki na ciyawa (humus ko bushe peat) a saman ƙasa. A nisa tsakanin bushes ya kamata a bar quite manyan (game da 50 santimita), tunda za su yi girma da sauri sosai a kan da yawa shekaru. Lokacin da sayen seedlings na irin waɗannan furanni a cikin kaka, bai kamata a dasa su a cikin ƙasa ba. An ba da shawarar dasa bishiyoyin zuwa zurfin 20 zuwa 25 santimita, zabar ɓangaren da aka kiyaye shi daga iskar gas don wannan dalili, kuma ya kamata dusar ƙanƙara ta sauka a kansa a cikin hunturu. Bayan daskarewa kasar gona, wajibi ne don rufe tsire-tsire tare da bushewar ganye ko peat.

An kyale shi wasu lokuta a cikin kaka don shuka perennials phlox a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Za'a iya raba daji wanda ya girma kuma ya rasa kyakkyawa a lokacin kaka (daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba). Don saurin amfani da ƙasa delenki, kuma an jefa ɓangaren tsakiya. A lokacin bazara, ana kuma sauya jigilar yara zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa, waɗanda aka dasa a cikin bazara tare da yan itace.

Lokacin dasa shuki, yakamata a ƙara takin a cikin ƙasa, kuma a ƙara peat a cikin yashi, da yashi a cikin yumɓu. Rijiyoyin suna nisan nisan mil 50 daga juna. Suna runtse delenki kuma suna daidaita Tushen a kwance, kuna buƙatar tono su ba komai (kimanin 4-5 santimita). A cikin yanayin bushe, ana aiwatar da ruwa bayan kwanaki 2-3 (a cikin kwanaki 14). Ana ɗaukar lita 2 na ruwa akan wani daji. A bushe ƙasa ƙasa dole ne a kwance kuma yafa masa tare da hudu-santimita Layer da ciyawa (humus ko peat).

Kulawa

Dokokin kulawa suna kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su na shekara. Amma irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ciyar da sau 5 a kowace kakar, yayin da takin zamani na ƙarshe ana amfani da su ga ƙasa yayin ƙirƙirar iri. Don ciyarwa, ana amfani da mafita wanda ya ƙunshi 5 l na ruwa, 10 g na superphosphate da 5 g na potassium sulfate ana amfani dashi. Kuna buƙatar ciyarwa da yamma bayan shayarwa, yayin da ba ku barin mafita don samun ganye. Idan kun kula da tsire-tsire daidai, to, za a iya haɓaka su a kan rukuni ɗaya don shekaru 7.

Yanke waɗannan tsire-tsire za a iya aiwatar da su a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Farkon farkon yabanya yana faruwa ne a lokacin da sandar ta kai tsawo na santimita 5, da ƙarshen - a kwanakin Satumba na ƙarshe. Cutukan da aka ɗauka daga wata shuka a lokacin bazara da kuma bazara sun fi dacewa. Kuna iya yaduwar shuka da saka filawar. Kafin shuka ya yi kwari, harbarsa tana lanƙwasa zuwa saman ƙasa, gyarawa tare da tsawon tsayin daka da cakuda peat da humus. A cikin kaka, matasa plantlets rabu da uwar daji da kuma dasa a cikin m wuri.

Siffofin kulawa bayan fure da hunturu

Annuals na iya girma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, amma halayen adonsu zasu yi ƙasa kaɗan. Bayan an tattara ɓarnatattun tsaba a cikin kaka, cire ragowar tsire-tsire, da tono ƙasa, cire sauran rhizomes.

A cikin lokacin hunturu na dusar ƙanƙara, ƙarancin girma na phlox na iya daskarewa yayin sanyi a kusan digiri 10-15. Idan ya yi sanyi fiye da digiri 20-25, wannan zai haifar da mutuwar tushen tsarin. A wannan batun, a cikin kaka, dole ne a cire farkon ɓangaren tsire-tsire, kuma dole ne a rufe tushen wuyansa da wani yanki na ƙasa wanda aka haɗe da peat. Top ya kamata rufe su tare da bushe ganye, bambaro ko spruce rassan. Tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara na 50-60 santimita, phloxes cikin nutsuwa yana tsayayya da sanyi na digo talatin.