Ba za a iya kira yanayin halayen aikin lambu a yankin Leningrad ba ko da kyau. Babu yanayin yanayi na yankin, ko kuma yanayin rather asa da matalauta ba da gudummawa ga namo bishiyoyi fruitan itace ba. Thicknessaƙƙarfan laushi na Layer m a wasu yankuna bai wuce 20-30 cm ba, dole ne a raba lambuna zuwa peatlands, sands da loams.
Amfanin gona a cikin yanayin yankin Arewa Maso Yamma suna da matukar wahala, saboda haka ire-iren apple da masu shayarwa ke bayarwa na Leningrad suna sanyin tsananin sanyi, juriya daga cututtuka da kwari, kuma 'ya'yan itaciyar akan irin bishiyoyin yakamata su girma a wuri-wuri.
Apple Itace
Ana zaban tumbin thea ofan itacen apple ta cikin ƙarnin ƙarshe na Agusta ko kuma kwanakin farko na Satumba.
An inganta nau'ikan a kan tushen Antonovka da Belfler-Chinese daban-daban ta masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Jihar Moscow M.V. Lomonosov. A ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe, ana zub da itacen apple a cikin ƙananan Volanga da kuma a cikin Yammacin Yammacin ƙasar, inda juriya ta dusar ƙanƙara, kyakkyawan juriya da rashin ɗanɗano farkon mahimmancinn itace.
Girman itacen apple mai matsakaici tare da kambi mai faɗi mai santsi ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar dutsen mai ƙarfi na rassan kwarangwal. Harbe a jikin bishiyoyi suna da ƙarfi, gajeru, tare da tarin rake da keɓaɓɓun ganye, shima yakasance daga baya. Yawancin ƙwayoyin suna a kan safofin hannu, kuma narkar da 'ya'yan itatuwa sau da yawa yana farawa a shekara ta shida bayan dasa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin manyan fruitsan itacen apple, theaukaccen zaɓuɓɓu yana da sikirin da ke cike da siffar riba, fata mai laushi mai laushi da jan kyankyasai a duk faɗin ƙasa. Dadi da dandano mai jituwa mai jituwa tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya kasance har zuwa Nuwamba.
Itacen apple Melba
Melba yana daya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan apple irin kasashen waje da suka bayyana a cikin orchards na Rasha sama da shekaru ɗari da suka wuce. A karo na farko, itacen apple na Melba, wanda aka samo a Ottawa, a cikin 1898 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, ana son fruitsa fruitsan itace mai ƙanshi a cikin yankuna da yawa na duniya, ciki har da Rasha, inda ake yankuna iri iri a yankin Leningrad. Fruan itacen apple mai aiki tare da kambi mai zagaye yana farawa shekaru 4-5 bayan dasawa. Mafi yawa daga cikin kwai yana kafa da kuma farfadowa akan ringworms, kuma matsakaita harbe tare da tsayi da kauri su ne pubescent kuma an rufe su da m, kadan mai ganye mai haske na inuwa mai haske.
'Ya'yan itacen apple na Melba na apple suna faruwa kowace shekara, amma ana iya lura da hutu tare da shekaru, kodayake yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri ya kasance babba.
Apples suna haɓaka kusa da ƙarshen watan Agusta, suna da matsakaici ko manyan masu girma dabam da kuma zagaye mai sauƙi ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin yanayin conical. Fata mai kauri, mai launi mai haske-launuka na 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke an yi wa ado da tsananin taguwa ko mai haske. Tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan itacen apple na Leningrad, Melbu an bambanta shi da farin dusar ƙanƙara, daskararren ƙamshi mai ƙamshi mai kyau da kyakkyawan dandano. Duk da bayyanarwar yanayin ɓarna, tuffa suna kangara kuma ana iya adanar su cikin sanyi har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu.
Itacen apple Aelita
A yankin arewa maso yamma, bishiyar apple ta Aelita tayi girma sakamakon tsallaka Brown Striped da Welsey an raba su a 1999. Kuma a karo na farko an samo iri-iri a VNII. I.V. Michurina, shahararren mai shayarwa, marubucin yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyi S.I. Isaev.
Duk da tsayi, bishiyoyi tare da babban kambi na dala suna da rawar sanyi a cikin hunturu, scab bai shafe su ba kuma yana iya jure albarkatun gona har ma da yanayin yankin Leningrad. Flowering da ovary samuwar faruwa a kan perennial madaidaiciya harbe an rufe shi da elongated duhu kore ganye tare da fice a conic.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari zagaye na itacen Aelita apple waɗanda ke da kimanin gram 120 suna da kamanninsu da madaidaiciyar launi mai launin shuɗi-kore, wanda ruwanta mai launin ja ko yaɗuwa ya fito.
The apples suna da launin rawaya, mai dandano mai kyau, mai ƙoshin lafiya, mafi kyawun halaye waɗanda aka bayyana a tsakiyar Satumba, yayin da aka cire 'ya'yan itatuwa daga rassan makonni biyu da suka gabata kuma an adana su har zuwa sabuwar shekara.
Itace Apple Auxis
A cikin yankin Leningrad da karkarar Kaliningrad, nau'in nau'ikan da aka gundura a Lithuania daga ƙetara Macintosh da jan grafenshteyn graftensyn ya faɗi a cikin karni na karshe kuma ya kafa kanta a matsayin hunturu-Hardy kuma wanda ba a bayyana shi ba.
Yawan itacen apple na Auxis yana fara fitar da itace shekaru biyar bayan an dasa iri a ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ana kafa itace mai matsakaici tare da kambi mai zagaye, mai iya samar da amfanin gona mai mahimmanci da na yau da kullun.
Fulawa yana farawa a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, kuma a ƙarshen bazara, babba, har zuwa 140 grams ta hanyar nauyi, apples na madaidaiciyar ripen. A watan Satumba, a lokacin cirewa daga rassan, apples suna da launin kore ko launin rawaya tare da launin carmine. Kuma bayan makonni 2-3, babban launi yana canza launin rawaya, zama mai shimfidawa akan kusan dukkanin 'ya'yan itace. Kuna iya adana 'ya'yan itaciyar ɗan itacen soura andis na Auxis mai tsami tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai rawaya har zuwa hunturu, kuma lokacin da aka sanyaya, apples ba su rasa inganci har Maris.
Bayanin hoto da hotunan bishiyar Wellsie apple
An sanya shi a cikin 1860, an yarda da apple iri-iri na Welsey apple don yankuna da dama na ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, ciki har da Leningrad Yankin. Sabili da haka, yawancin lambu suna san bishiyar apple ta Welsey ta bayanin kwatankwacin hoto da hoto, kuma suna da nasu ƙwarewar girma a cikin ƙananan bishiyoyi masu matsakaici waɗanda hunturu da kyau a cikin tsaunuka masu tsauri kuma ba sa saurin kamuwa da cutar scab. Yara apples suna ba da girbi na farko yana da shekaru 4-5.
Godiya ga waɗannan halayen, fiye da dozin dozin iri uku na itatuwan apple an haɓaka su yau akan Welsey.
Za'a iya kiran nau'ikan da ake kira ɗaya daga cikin jagorori a cikin kayan aiki, tunda itacen apple tare da kambi mai zagaye yana iya samar da fiye da kilogram 250 na 'ya'yan itace a kowace kakar. Gaskiya ne, rassan da suke girma a wani kusurwa mai wahala zasu iya jure wannan nauyin kawai idan suna da kyakkyawar goyon baya, in ba haka ba to ba za'a iya katse ƙwanƙwaran ƙashi ba. Ana buɗe gabanin buɗe koren ganye sau da kafa ko fure mai faɗi saboda manyan launuka masu launin furanni ko furanni na Lilac.
Al'adun da aka yiwa Wellsie na hunturu suna da sirara masu matsakaici, masu laushi kuma an rufe su da fata mai laushi mai haske ko launin shuɗi. Dangane da hoto da kwatankwacinsa, 'ya'yan itacen bishiyar Wellsie suna da yawa, launin ja, mai kauri ko launin toka mai launin fari da mai launin shuɗi. Girbi yana faruwa a ƙarshen ƙarshen Satumba, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a procrastinate tare da ɗaukar 'ya'yan itatuwa, a cikin mako guda kawai apples sun fara crumble. A cikin shekaru masu sanyin da suka dace, 'ya'yan itaciya cikakke kai tsaye bayan girbi suna da dandano mai daɗi da tsami, idan damina ta kasance ruwan sama, ana rage kayan masu amfani. Tsayawa ido kan danshi a cikin shagon ɗakin ajiya, zaku iya adana apples Wellsie waɗanda ke hanzarin rasa ruwan su har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu.
Itacen girbi Druzhnoe
Druzhnoe, mai saurin-girma, mai tsayayya da cututtukan gama gari da sanyi, sakamakon aikin masu shayarwa ne na tashar Leningrad ta gida, waɗanda suka yi amfani da talakawa na Antonovka na talakawa da kuma jigon Jonathan don tsallakewa.
Tuni a cikin shekara ta huɗu, a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, itacen apple tare da kambi mai yawa yana fure kuma a ƙarshen Satumba yana ba da amfanin gona na farko, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan, masu nauyin har zuwa gram 170 na 'ya'yan itace. A apples suna da siffar zagaye-conical da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Hakarkarinsa bayyane bayyane a saman 'ya'yan itacen. Bwararrun launin ja-ja, mai-fiƙa, ko kuma saƙa. Tuffa suna da yawan gaske, mai daɗi da daɗi, tanadin juiciness da ɗanɗano har zuwa farkon bazara. Wannan ingancin tare da babban kayan aiki yana ba da ƙarin ƙimar wannan nau'in apple don yankin Leningrad.
Apple Tree Antey
Mante ɗan itacen hunturu apple mai yawa Antei nasara ce ta masana kimiyya na Belarus. An samo nau'in yalwatacce daga pollination na Rasberi rasberi tare da itace apple matasan daga iri Babushkino da Newtosh. Yawancin mutanen da ke da kyawawan yanayin hunturu da yawan 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun sun kasance masu matukar jin daɗin mazaunan Belarusiya, har ma sun tayar da sha'awar yankin Arewa Maso Yammaci. Karamin tare da m, kambi wanda aka iya saukakke, itace har zuwa tsayi na mita 2.5 ya fara samar da gidan kwai har tsawon shekaru 2-3 bayan dasawa kuma a shekara yana bada sama da kilogiram 50 na apples mai ƙarfi da aka adana har zuwa watanni 6-7.
Yanayin yanayin yanayin kusan babu wani tasiri ga yawan 'ya'yan itacen Antei da ingancin su, wanda shine ƙarin fa'ida a yankunan arewacin Rasha.
Kusan gaba daya an rufe shi da duhu ja ko burgundy ja, 'ya'yan itacen sunkai kimanin gram 200 kuma suna da madaidaiciyar siffar zagaye-conical. A kan apples, wani abu mai laushi mai fili yana bayyane a bayyane, yana ba 'ya'yan itaciyar haske ko launin shuɗi. Girbi apples, dangane da yanayin a wani yanki, yana farawa a ƙarshen Satumba ko a farkon makon Oktoba. Kuna iya gwada 'ya'yan itaciyar mai ɗumi da ɗanɗano na itacen apple Antei a watan Disamba. An adana iri-iri har sai tsakiyar bazara mai zuwa.
Alamar itacen apple
Wani nau'in apple mai sanyi na hunturu don yankin Leningrad an samo shi a Cibiyar Nazarin Duk-Rasha wanda aka sanya wa suna I.V. Mikurina. Alamar alama ce ta kasance tsakanin giciye tsakanin Anis da Litiniyan Pepinka. A iri-iri fara kai 'ya'yan itace shida bayan inoculation, tare da apples ripening a shekara kuma da ake samu babban babban. Al'adar tana da tsayayyar scab, tana yin haƙuri ga masu yin sanyi a yankin Leningrad. Itace tsofaffin bishiyoyi masu yaduwa tare da kambi mai shimfidawa ko dan kadan ana kafa su da kyau.
Alamar itacen apple tana ba da gaskiya ga kwarkwata, ta amsa tare da manyan fruitsa fruitsan itaciya da kuma sanya taro na furen fure a tsakiya da ɓangaren kambi.
Alluran huda ta hunturu na zama sabo kuma kar a rasa halayen masu amfani da su har ƙarshen Fabrairu. Tare da yalwar fruiting na itacen apple Zvezdochka, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu matsakaici ne, na wani nau'i mai laushi tare da fata mai laushi na launin kore. A karshen lokacin girma, ana rufe daskararren launin fata tare da duhu carmine mai haske. Kuma jikinsu mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, yawanci mai launin kore, ƙarƙashin fata na iya samun tintaccen ruwan hoda.
Itacen Apple Renet Chernenko
Sakamakon pollination na kyauta na Pepin Renet, apple mai launi iri-iri Renet Chernenko ana shinge shi a wasu yankuna na yankin Arewa maso Yamma, gami da kewayen St. Petersburg. Itatuwan apple suna da ƙarfi, mai girman kai, suna jure tsananin sanyi kuma suna tsayayya da lalacewar scab. Don nau'ikan zamani, fruiting yana farawa da makara - bayan shekaru 6-7 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yayin da itacen yake iya samar da kilogiram 60 zuwa 170 na apples-marigayi.
'Ya'yan itãcen matsakaici na ƙananan katako na itacen apple na Renet Chernenko suna da kullun da ke da launi mai launi, ana fentin su a cikin sautunan launin kore ko rawaya kuma a gefen da ke fuskantar rana an rufe shi da launin ja mai haske a cikin nau'i na ratsi ko ƙararraki da aka shirya sosai. Dadi da dandano mai jituwa da farin daskararren daskararre ya kasance har kusan ƙarshen bazara.
Apple itacen Tellisaare
Nuna matsakaiciyar yanayin hunturu, applean itace da ke da yawan ƙarfi wanda yake bada yawan itace ta gaya wa isaaan asalin Estonian magadan, kuma yau an ba da shawarar yin namo a Yankin Leningrad.
Apple bishiyoyi na wannan nau'in suna da kambi mai zagaye mai yawa wanda zai iya tsayayya da ƙarfin da ake samu daga ƙaramin, har zuwa gram 100, nauyin flattened ko 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye tare da falmaran m. Farkon kwayar ta bayyana shekaru 4-5 bayan dasawa. A lokacin shekaru yawan fruiting, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari wani lokacin zama karami, ko yawan amfanin ƙasa na gaba shekara rage-rage. Adadin da aka cire a cikin Satumba yana da fatar fatar launin fata mai launin fata tare da rauni.
Zuwa Oktoba, lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen bishiyar Talisaare suke shirye don cin abinci, hasken koren jikinsa ya zama mai daɗi, mai daɗi kuma zai sami kyakkyawan dandano da ɗanɗano. Girbi na wannan iri yana da inganci; tuffa suna da sauƙin hawa da adana har zuwa tsakiyar watan Fabrairu.
